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Query: UMLS:C0036572 (seizures)
 80,221 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Seizures associated with deglutition are rare, and previously reported cases of so-called eating epilepsy have not identified specific electrophysiological or anatomical foci. We evaluated a 14-year-old with a deep hemispheric astrocytoma in whom focal seizures were consistently triggered by eating. Electroencephalograms were consistent with a deeply located seizure focus. Eating epilepsy should be grouped with reflex epilepsies that may originate with the diencephalon.
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PMID:Eating epilepsy associated with a deep forebrain glioma. 11 4

A right-handed man had clustered groups of seizures characterized by speech arrest over a period of eight years. Later, speech arrest was accompanied by head-turning to the left and altered tone of the left limbs. An astrocytoma, centered in the right supplementary motor region, was identified. This case confirms the experimental data of speech arrest emanating from the right paramedian cortex of a right handed man.
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PMID:Speech arrest in a dextral with a right mesial frontal astrocytoma. 63 65

Autonomic dysfunction in a child may present confusing clinical phenomena which mimic other diseases. Various clinical manifestations were seen during the 6-year course of a child with an astrocytoma of the hypothalamus. These ranged from the initial features of the diencephalic syndrome of infancy to autonomic seizures with striking paroxysms of hypertension, tachycardia, and sweating. Disturbances in hormonal regulation and gastrointestinal abnormalities were possibly related to the autonomic disturbance. The mechanisms for these findings were poorly understood. We conclude that a diencephalic lesion should be suspected in any child exhibiting such findings.
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PMID:Hypothalamic symptomatology and its relationship to diencephalic tumor in childhood. 84 44

37 cases of cerebral hemispheric tumours are presented. These make up 23,1% of all the intracranial tumours observed over a period of 11 years in a Child Neurology Service. 19 cases were males and 18 females. Their ages were between 16 days and 7 1/2 years. Vomiting and headache were usually the first symptoms followed by seizures, frequently of the focal kind. Motor difficulties used to appear later. 69.6% of the cases presented a malfunctioning focus on the E.E.G. on the side of the tumor. The simple cranial X-Rays showed firstly widening of the fronto-parietal sutures, intracranial calcifications were seen in some of the cases with ependymonas and piloid astrocytoma in patients with Bourneville's disease. Pneumoencephalography as well as carotid angiography, radioisotope examination and computerized tomography gave us very positive results in the localization and determination of the size of the tumor. The ependymomas showed pathological vascularization regularly. The nature of the tumours corresponded to: 14 cases of ependymoma, 8 cases of astrocytoma I and II types, 1 case of astrocytoma of types III and IV, 3 cases of plexus papilloma, 2 cases of meningioma, 1 case of sarcoma of the basal ganglia, 1 case of teratoma, 3 cases of indifferentiated malignant tumours, 4 cases not proven. There was a 20% survival of patients five years later.
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PMID:[Cerebral tumours in infancy (author's transl)]. 90 Jun 62

Pre-surgical evaluation of epileptic patients consists of neurological examination, intensive electroencephalographic (EEG) monitoring and anatomical studies (CT and MRI). Functional methods such as PET and SPECT imaging are now used more frequently. We have studied pre-operatively 15 adult epileptic patients (8 female, 7 male) using a rotational scintillation camera interfaced to a dedicated computer. The tomographic images were obtained 15 minutes after intravenous injection of 99mTc-HMPAO. All had MRI scanning and intensive EEG monitoring which generally included seizure recording. Five patients had progressive lesions (3 meningiomas, 2 astrocytomas). In 10 patients, neuroradiological studies did not show the presence of progressive lesions (2 normal scans and 8 cases with inactive lesions). Two patients with meningioma showed hypoperfusion at the lesion site while the third patient had a marked hyperperfusion which might correlate with the clinical diagnosis of epilepsia partialis continua. In the astrocytoma patients SPECT scans showed hypoperfusion at the lesion site. Data obtained from the 10 patients without progressive CNS lesions showed: (a) in 4, SPECT findings correlated well with the anatomical findings; (b) in 5 instances, SPECT was able to disclose additional functional deficits; (c) in one case, there was no SPECT correlate of a discrete anatomical lesion. In 5 of these cases with no progressive lesions (n = 10) SPECT findings were useful as a complementary tool in determining the clinical or surgical management of these patients. Despite the small number and heterogenicity of the present sample, SPECT seems to be an useful tool as part of the clinical workup of epileptic patients who are candidates for epilepsy surgery.
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PMID:Brain SPECT in the pre-surgical evaluation of epileptic patients. Preliminary results. 130 77

A 19-year-old female was admitted to hospital due to a schizophrenia-like psychosis of the paranoid type including delusions and various hallucinations. Neurologically she only showed tics of the eyebrows with increased eye blinking. 30 months before an astrocytoma located on the left basal temporal lobe had been resected after the patient suffered from several psychomotor and two grand mal seizures. Following post-operative anticonvulsant therapy seizures had completely disappeared and the patient had been free of symptoms of any kind. After the acute onset of the psychosis another follow-up MRI of the brain using coronary sections revealed a small relapse-tumor. Symptoms disappeared after high-dose neuroleptic therapy. Finally another surgical intervention led to a lasting remission of the psychotic symptomatology (so far 18 months). Postoperatively neuroleptics could be discontinued. Clinical picture and MRI findings will be discussed with a focus on possible etiological factors in schizophrenia.
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PMID:[Remission of schizophreniform psychosis after brain tumor surgery]. 141 83

Children whose brain tumor involves two or more compartments at presentation differ clinically and pathologically from children whose brain tumor is confined to one compartment. In this study of 3,291 children with a brain tumor, at least 10% had a tumor that occupied two or three compartments at first hospitalization. Infratentorial tumors occupying multiple compartments were 1.7 times more likely to involve the cervicomedullary junction than the mesodiencephalic junction. Younger children (1-3 years) were more likely to have had multiple compartment tumors than older children. Children whose tumor was limited to the infratentorial compartment had a longer survival than children whose tumor also occupied other compartments. Ependymoma, anaplastic ependymoma, and astrocytoma (nos) were over represented among infratentorial multiple compartment tumors. Pilocytic astrocytoma, primitive neuroectodermal tumor (medulloblastoma), and desmoplastic medulloblastoma were less likely to have occupied multiple compartments at the time of the first surgical exploration. The distributions of histologic features in tumors at the cervicomedullary junction differed from those in tumors limited to the posterior fossa or to the spinal canal. Seizures were more likely if the tumor was confined to the supratentorial compartment, whereas nausea or vomiting and headache were more likely if the tumor was confined to the infratentorial compartment. Children whose tumor was confined to the spinal canal were significantly more likely to have bladder symptoms and back and/or abdominal pain than those whose tumor also involved compartments above the foramen magnum. We conclude that brain tumors apparently confined to one compartment at presentation are biologically and structurally different from tumors evident in two or more compartments.
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PMID:Childhood brain tumors that occupy more than one compartment at presentation. Multiple compartment tumors. 146 64

In our series of 33 children who underwent temporal and extended temporal lobe resections because of seizures, the average age at surgery was 7 years, 11 months. Sixteen cases (48%) were diagnosed as having tumors: low-grade astrocytoma (6), hamartoma (5), and ganglioglioma/neuroma (5). Other pathologic diagnoses included one or more cytoarchitectural abnormalities and/or reactive changes. Due to a more aggressive and early radiologic and electrophysiologic investigation of children with seizures, a resectable focus, e.g. neoplasm or structural abnormality, was found in a much younger age group of patients than previously reported. In children who had intractable seizures but normal radiologic studies, positron emission tomography was of great value in localizing the seizure focus. In a group of children with infantile spasms, seizures were controlled following the identification and resection of a focal lesion. Prompt detection and precise localization of lesions in the temporal lobe in the pediatric population may lead to surgical management and seizure control.
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PMID:Temporal and extended temporal resections for the treatment of intractable seizures in early childhood. 147 29

We examined potential clinical and pathologic correlates of seizures among the 3,291 children in the Childhood Brain Tumor Consortium database. Fourteen percent had seizures prior to their hospitalization for a brain tumor. Among children who had a supratentorial tumor, seizures occurred in 22% of those less than 14 years of age. The prevalence of seizures increased to 68% of older teenagers. Among children with an infratentorial tumor, the prevalence of seizures was relatively constant at 6% over all age groups. The onset of seizures began more than one year prior to surgical tumor removal in over half of the children aged five or more with supratentorial tumors, significantly longer than for those of the same age with infratentorial tumors. Almost all children (98.9%) with an infratentorial tumor and seizures had at least one other symptom and more than three-fourths of them had at least three. Eighty-nine percent of children with a supratentorial tumor and seizures had at least one other symptom and more than one-half had at least three symptoms. Regardless of whether the tumor was above or below the tentorium, confusion or stupor and coma were more common in children with seizures than in children without seizures. Among children with supratentorial tumors, symptoms of a declining academic performance or an abnormality of personality, speech, walking, or sensation were significantly more frequent in children with seizures, while visual symptoms (other than visual loss or diplopia) and nausea or vomiting were less frequent. Among children with supratentorial tumors, those who had seizures were more likely to have paralysis of an arm, hand, or face, confusion or stupor, or coma and less likely to exhibit irritability, papilledema, optic atrophy, decreased visual acuity, pupillary abnormalities, or abducens paresis. Among children with infratentorial tumors, those with seizures were significantly less likely to have truncal ataxia, but more likely to experience confusion, stupor, or coma. In the supratentorial compartment, astrocytoma (nos), protoplasmic astrocytoma, anaplastic astrocytoma, and ependymoma were more frequently associated with seizures than was craniopharyngioma. No infratentorial tumor type was more or less likely to be associated with seizures. All common tumor types that were represented in both the supratentorial and the infratentorial compartment except astrocytoma (nos) were associated with significantly greater rates of seizures when located in the supratentorial compartment. The tumor location with the highest incidence of seizures was, as expected, the superficial cerebrum. More than 40% of the children with such tumors had seizures.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Epidemiology of seizures in children with brain tumors. The Childhood Brain Tumor Consortium. 154 79

A 12-year-old girl developed simple partial motor and sensory seizures due to a right perirolandic astrocytoma. Subdural EEG recording and functional stimulation disclosed close correlation between EEG-clinical manifestations of focal seizures and functional responses to cortical stimulation. This case supports the idea that responses in the perirolandic area to endogenous epileptogenic activity and to cortical stimulation reflect common underlying physiologic mechanisms.
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PMID:Simple partial seizures: clinicofunctional correlation--a case report. 154 30


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