Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0036572 (seizures)
 80,221 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Anecdotal reports suggest school nurses and staff treat increasing numbers of public school students with chronic diseases. However, professionals know little about actual disease burden in schools. This study measured prevalence of chronic disease medication administration rates in a large, urban midwestern school district. Data from daily medication logs were recorded by school nurses during a single week. Medications and administrations were sorted by disease type. Prevalence rates were calculated for six chronic diseases: asthma, diabetes, seizures, attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, other mental/behavioral disorders, and other diseases/conditions. Separate rates stratified by school grade, poverty level, and type of school were calculated. Overall, 3.12% of students received medication for chronic diseases, including 2.13% for psychiatric/mental disorders and 1.91% for attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder alone. These rates were lower than estimates from other states. Factors that contributed to this finding are reviewed.
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PMID:Chronic disease medication administration rates in a public school system. 1528 96

Barbiturates, a class of medications commonly used as antiepileptics and sedatives, are known to cause adverse reaction, with the most commonly reported immune-mediated reactions being anticonvulsant hypersensitivity syndrome. Other types of allergic reactions such as immediate hypersensitivity reactions also can occur. We present a 3-month-old child with refractory generalized convulsive status epilepticus who required pentobarbital therapy in the context of phenobarbital sensitivity because of progressive generalized seizures unresponsive to other aggressive therapies. Skin tests to pentobarbital and phenobarbital were negative. In the intensive care unit setting, intravenous pentobarbital desensitization was performed without reaction. To our knowledge, this is the first reported protocol for pentobarbital desensitization.
Allergy Asthma Proc
PMID:Pentobarbital desensitization in a 3-month-old child. 1551 May 80

Our objective was to determine the impact of gender and age on asthma hospitalization rates among children. We used a population-based retrospective birth cohort study to determine yearly age- and gender-specific asthma hospitalization rates between ages 2-18 years in a cohort of all children born in Washington State between 1980-1985. In addition, we assessed factors associated with the hospitalization of a given child for asthma both before and during adolescence, and factors associated with an initial asthma hospitalization during adolescence. Outcome measures included age- and gender-specific rates of hospitalization for asthma, diabetes, seizures/epilepsy, and nonasthma respiratory diagnoses. Asthma hospitalization rates for boys were significantly higher than for girls between ages 2-12 years, the gender gap in asthma hospitalizations reversed between ages 13-14 years, and rates for girls were significantly higher than boys between 16-18 years of age. The male peak asthma hospitalization rate per 100,000 cohort members occurred at age 4 years (12.7; 95% confidence interval (CI), 11.1-14.3), and the male trough rate occurred at age 18 years (4.1; 95% CI, 2.8-5.4), whereas the female peak asthma hospitalization rate occurred at age 17 years (9.4; 95% CI, 7.8-11) and the female trough rate at age 2 years (5.2; 95% CI, 4.2-6.2). Age-specific hospitalization rates for diabetes mellitus and epilepsy were similar for boys and girls throughout childhood. Female gender was strongly associated with asthma hospitalization occurring in an individual child both prior to and during adolescence (rate ratio (RR), 2.0; 95% CI, 1.4-2.9), and was modestly associated with initial hospitalization in adolescence (RR, 1.15; 95% CI, 1.0-1.3). In conclusion, asthma hospitalization rates for boys and girls exhibit strikingly different patterns during adolescence. Potential explanations for these gender differences include hormonal changes during puberty, or gender-specific differences in environmental exposures such as diet, obesity, allergen exposure, or cigarette smoking.
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PMID:Impact of adolescence and gender on asthma hospitalization: a population-based birth cohort study. 1569 May 59

Previous studies in our laboratories and elsewhere have shown that the fruit of Tetrapleura tetraptera (Taub) (family: Fabaceae) is widely used in African traditional medicine for the management and/or control of an array of human ailments, including schistosomiasis, asthma, epilepsy, hypertension and so on. The present study was designed to investigate the analgesic and anticonvulsant effects of Tetrapleura tetraptera (Taub) fruit aqueous extract (TTE) in mice. Morphine (MPN, 10 mg/kg i.p.), diclofenac (DIC, 100 mg/kg i.p.), phenobarbitone (20 mg/kg i.p.) and diazepam (0.5 mg/kg i.p.) were used, respectively, as reference analgesic and anticonvulsant agents for comparison. T. tetraptera fruit aqueous extract (TTE, 50-800 mg/kg i.p.) produced dose-dependent, significant (p < 0.05-0.001) analgesic effects against thermally and chemically induced pain in mice. Like the standard anticonvulsant agents (phenobarbitone and diazepam) used, T. tetraptera fruit aqueous extract (TTE, 50-800 mg/kg i.p.) significantly (p < 0.05-0.001) delayed the onset of, and antagonized, pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced seizures. Aqueous extract of the fruit (TTE, 50-800 mg/kg i.p.) also profoundly antagonized picrotoxin (PCT)-induced seizures, but only partially and weakly antagonized bicuculline (BCL)-induced seizures. However, the results of this experimental animal study indicate that Tetrapleura tetraptera (Taub) fruit aqueous extract (TTE) possesses analgesic and anticonvulsant properties. These findings lend pharmacological support to the suggested folkloric uses of the plant's fruit in the management and/or control of painful, arthritic inflammatory conditions, as well as for the management and/or control of epilepsy and childhood convulsions in some tropical African countries.
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PMID:Analgesic and anticonvulsant properties of Tetrapleura tetraptera (Taub) (Fabaceae) fruit aqueous extract in mice. 1637 67

Because of the limited number of comprehensive paediatric centres, providing the entire continuum of paediatric care, including subspecialty care, and generally serving as regional referral centres for tertiary paediatrics, paediatric emergency care in Italy is often provided in adult facilities within primarily adult hospital institutions. Consequently, most paediatricians working in hospitals with a separate paediatric ward or department provide Emergency Department (ED) on-call coverage with serious liability concerns: such concerns are due to the fact that successful care of infants and children in an emergency situation requires appropriately sized equipment, well trained staff, appropriate and specialised triage and destination guidelines but, unfortunately, not all Italian facilities fulfil all these criteria. Risk management training of the entire ED staff may reduce the institution's involvement in malpractice litigation. Another useful tool within a paediatric ED is an Observation Unit (OU) for well-defined illnesses (such as asthma, croup, bronchiolitis, gastroenteritis, abdominal pain, mild dehydration, overdoses or poisoning, seizures), which can assure better patient's care, a decrease in missed diagnosis and acuity and decreased lenght of stay, and, consequently, a better risk management, decreased malpractice liability and cost effectiveness. Furthermore, in our paper we aimed to highlight the importance of aspects with a potential risk exposure in our profession, such as informed consent, exculpatory release forms, incident reports and complete ED record documentation of paediatric patients. In addition to that, the quality of care provided at ED in Italy has been assessed by analysing ED-related paediatric malpractice claims in the last 10 years. Finally, the importance of a joint commission within the Italian Paediatrics Society is underlined in order to discuss practice guidelines for paediatricians involved in emergency care.
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PMID:Risk management: medical malpractice and Emergency Department. 1640 11

Tiagabine is an antiepileptic drug used as adjunctive therapy for partial seizures that is believed to selectively inhibit the presynaptic reuptake of gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA). We describe a case of a tiagabine overdose that resulted in status epilepticus (SE) in a patient with no seizure history. A 14-year-old girl with a history of asthma presented with convulsive SE after ingestion of an unknown amount of her sister's tiagabine in a suicide attempt. Attempted anticonvulsant therapy included a total of diazepam 10 mg IV, lorazepam 6 mg IV, pyridoxine 5 g IV, and fosphenytoin 20 mg PE/kg. All were without effect. A computed tomography and electrocardiogram were normal. Continuous bedside EEG monitoring showed suppression of seizure activity following intravenous midazolam. A tiagabine level obtained on ED arrival was 420 ng/mL (therapeutic 20-103 ng/mL). The patient was discharged to psychiatry within 1 week with no neurologic sequelae.
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PMID:Tiagabine overdose: a case of status epilepticus in a non-epileptic patient. 1644 May 16

We present a case of laryngospasm in a 12-year-old male who experienced sudden, nocturnal episodes of breathing difficulties and agitation. Apart from laryngospasm, the main differential diagnoses included frontal seizures, sleep-related choking syndrome, sleep asthma, sleep apnoea and REM sleep behaviour disorder. The video and the EEG recordings supported the diagnosis of laryngospasm. The pH-metry confirmed the existence of reflux. Its treatment successfully controlled the episodes. This case illustrates, with a typical video recording, this infrequent type of paroxysmal event with an important differential diagnosis.[Published with video sequences].
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PMID:Sleep-related laryngospasm: a video-polysomnographic recording. 1656 30

Over the last 20 years, the prevalence of asthma has nearly doubled in industrialized countries. A similar increase has been predicted for the next two decades. Asthma is major illness in terms of morbidity and suffering, asthma is the leading cause of hospitalizations in children under 15 years of age. According to many top experts, asthma is correctly characterized as a syndrome rather than disease. This lack of definition for asthma makes the search for a cause, prevention and potential cure elusive. Episodic airway obstruction and reversible bronchial hyperresponsiveness to non-specific irritants are the major symptoms of asthma. Airway inflammation is now widely accepted as the key factor underlying the pathogenesis of asthma. However, many patients show no signs of inflammation, yet they still have severe airflow limitation and asthma symptoms. The primary clinical symptoms of asthma are attacks of shortness of breath, wheezing, and coughing resulting from excessive and inappropriate constriction of the airway smooth muscle. Our research suggests a possible epileptic or hyper-excitatory condition of bronchial system in asthma pathogenesis. The paroxysmal, spasmodic character of asthma attacks may be similar to seizures. We propose a unified pathogenetic mechanism of asthma as a syndrome of inducible or genetically predisposed membrane hyper-excitability (bronchial epilepsy).
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PMID:Bronchial epilepsy or broncho-pulmonary hyper-excitability as a model of asthma pathogenesis. 1679 69

The literature on the health of adults with disabilities focuses on one disability compared to a comparison group. This study allows cross disability comparisons with the hypothesis. Adults with disabilities had higher odds of having common health conditions, compared to adults without disability in the same practice. A retrospective record review of 1449 patients with disability and 2084 patients without disability included individuals with sensory impairments (n = 117), developmental disabilities (n = 692), trauma-related impairments (n = 155) and psychiatric impairments (n = 485). The only two health conditions with statistically significantly increased odds for all groups with disabilities were dementia and epilepsy. Patients with developmental disabilities were less likely to have coronary artery disease, cancer, and obesity. Those with sensory impairments had increased odds for congestive heart failure, diabetes, transient ischemic attacks and death. Patients with trauma disabilities had increased odds for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and depression. Finally, psychiatric patients had increased odds for most of the investigated condition. In conclusion, there were many similarities in the risk for common health conditions such as asthma, cancer, coronary artery disease, depression, hypertension, and obesity, among patients with and without disability. Some of the conditions with increased odds ratios, including depression, seizures, and dementia are secondary to the primary disability.
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PMID:Variation in health conditions among groups of adults with disabilities in primary care. 1683 May 4

An important duty of any sports medicine physician is the care of athletes on the field and at the sidelines. Orthopaedic surgeons, who are trained to treat most musculoskeletal injuries, may not be as well prepared to treat the variety of medical issues and emergencies that are encountered in the "on-the-field" setting. In treating adolescent and high school athletes, advance preparation by the physician is critical for such entities as exercise-induced asthma, anaphylaxis, certain cardiac conditions, seizures, diabetes, and heat illnesses. The initial approach to the athlete who "goes to ground" always remains the same--management of the airway (with cervical spine precautions); establishment and maintenance of breathing and circulation; a limited neurologic examination to assess function; and removal of the athlete from the hazardous environment. Additional treatment is dictated by the specific illness or injury. As is usually the case, prevention is the best form of treatment. Many conditions can be detected at the preparticipation physical examination, which includes a thorough history and focused physical examination. Specific cardiovascular conditions that may be screened for include hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, Marfan syndrome, some congenital coronary artery abnormalities, and electrophysiologic rhythm disturbances. This examination also offers one of the best opportunities to provide information to athletes regarding optimal management of any chronic medical diseases. In preparation for an athletic event, excessive environmental heat and humidity may be addressed with several preventive strategies. Physicians also may be asked to provide counseling and make decisions about return to play for athletes who have had certain infectious diseases, including upper and lower respiratory infections and infectious mononucleosis.
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PMID:Care of the high school athlete: prevention and treatment of medical emergencies. 1695 2


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