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Query: UMLS:C0036572 (seizures)
 80,221 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Prior studies have suggested a common etiology involved in Tourette's syndrome and several comorbid conditions and symptomatology. Reportedly, current medications used in Tourette's syndrome have intolerable side-effects or are ineffective for many patients. After thoroughly researching the literature, I hypothesize that magnesium deficiency may be the central precipitating event and common pathway for the subsequent biochemical effects on substance P, kynurenine, NMDA receptors, and vitamin B6 that may result in the symptomatology of Tourette's syndrome and several reported comorbid conditions. These comorbid conditions and symptomatology include allergy, asthma, autism, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, obsessive compulsive disorder, coprolalia, copropraxia, anxiety, depression, restless leg syndrome, migraine, self-injurious behavior, autoimmunity, rage, bruxism, seizure, heart arrhythmia, heightened sensitivity to sensory stimuli, and an exaggerated startle response. Common possible environmental and genetic factors are discussed, as well as biochemical mechanisms. Clinical studies to determine the medical efficacy for a comprehensive magnesium treatment option for Tourette's syndrome need to be conducted to make this relatively safe, low side-effect treatment option available to doctors and their patients.
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PMID:The central role of magnesium deficiency in Tourette's syndrome: causal relationships between magnesium deficiency, altered biochemical pathways and symptoms relating to Tourette's syndrome and several reported comorbid conditions. 1186 98

Cocaine use has increased considerably during the last twenty years and several related complications can be identified. Clinical features of cocaine intoxication are variable, but predominantly involve cardiovascular events. Chest pain is the most main complaint; myocardial ischemia must be ruled out. Other cardiovascular manifestations are left ventricular dysfunction, arrhythmia, endocarditis and aortic dissection. Non-cardiac complications include neurological (seizures, stroke, cerebral hemorrhage), respiratory (asthma, interstitial pneumonitis, pulmonary edema), renal (acute renal failure, rhabdomyolysis) and obstetrical disorders. Detection of cocaine in the urine provides the diagnosis. Symptomatic treatment is generally given, combining conventional treatment of the complication and broad use of benzodiazepines.
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PMID:[Acute complications in cocaine users]. 1221 80

This study was conducted to evaluate the prescribing pattern of anti-seizure medications (ASMs) at a tertiary care hospital. The extent and pattern of concurrently used medications for co-exiting illnesses was also studied. Attention was focussed in particular on co-existence of bronchial asthma with epilepsy and co-medication of ASMs with xanthines. The study was carried out at the Central Pharmacy and at the Medical Records Department. Data analysis at the central pharmacy showed 3.98% prescriptions for ASMs, with maximum number for males. More drugs were prescribed during the second decade of life and there were 2.17 drugs per prescription. The data for pattern and extent of use of ASMs along with polytherapy and concurrently used medications revealed the highest number of prescriptions for phenytoin, maximum number with single ASM, and phenytoin with phenobarbitone as most frequently prescribed combination. Co-administration of ASMs with respiratory medications was found in 2.47%, with 38.8% prescriptions having xanthines prescribed in them. Xanthines, the well known CNS stimulants, a property attributed to their adenosine receptor antagonistic activity, are considered potential seizurogenic agents. The results of the present preliminary survey show an indirect evidence for co-existence of epilepsy with asthma along with the extent of co-medication of ASMs with xanthines. Results indicate the need for further studies to evaluate the consequences of co-medication of ASMs with xanthines.
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PMID:Prescribing pattern of anti-seizure medications (ASMs): an evaluation of extent of xanthine co-medication. 1239 62

A population-based cohort of 10-year-old children with mental retardation, cerebral palsy, epilepsy, hearing impairment or vision impairment, who were ascertained at 10 years of age in a previous study conducted in metro Atlanta during 1985-87, was followed up for mortality and cause of death information. We used the National Death Index to identify all deaths among cohort members during the follow-up period (1985-95). We estimated expected numbers of deaths on the basis of actual age-, race- and sex-specific death rates for the entire Georgia population for 1989-91. The objective was to quantify the magnitude of increased mortality and evaluate the contribution of specific disabilities to mortality among children and adolescents with one or more of five developmental disabilities. A total of 30 deaths were observed; 10.1 deaths were expected, yielding an observed-to-expected mortality ratio of almost three to one. The numbers of observed deaths exceeded those of expected deaths, regardless of the number of disabilities present, but the ratios were statistically significant (at the 95% confidence level) only in children with three or more co-existing disabilities. In general, the magnitude of the mortality ratios was directly related to various measures of the severity of the person's disability. An exception to this pattern was the elevated mortality from cardiovascular disease among cohort members with isolated mental retardation (three observed deaths vs. 0.2 expected). The specific underlying causes of death among other deceased cohort members included some that were the putative cause of the developmental disability (e.g. a genetic syndrome) and others that could be considered intercurrent diseases or secondary health conditions (e.g. asthma). Prevention efforts to decrease mortality in adolescents and young adults with developmental disabilities may need to address serious conditions that are secondary to the underlying disability (i.e. infections, asthma, seizures) rather than towards injuries, accidents and poisonings, the primary causes of death for persons in this age group in the general population.
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PMID:Increased mortality in children and adolescents with developmental disabilities. 1244 56

An investigator-designed survey was used to determine if attendance at specific continuing education programs increased the perceived competence of school nurses who enrolled and completed the programs. Respondents were queried about the general content of six courses offered by the Missouri Department of Health and Senior Services in conjunction with the University of Missouri-Columbia Sinclair School of Nursing. Specific content areas were mental health concerns, suicide prevention, diabetes management, asthma management, seizure disorders, and developing clinical skills as they pertained to school-age children. Comparing a sample of school nurses who had attended the programs with a group whom had not, a statistically significant difference was found in the participant group who reported higher self-perceived competence than the nonparticipant group in all content areas. Results of the study suggest that school nurses who attend specific continuing education programs feel more competent in practice than nurses who do not attend.
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PMID:Continuing education: improving perceived competence in school nurses. 1246 74

Anticonvulsant hypersensitivity syndrome (AHS) is a rare, potentially life-threatening allergic disorder, which is well described in relation to many aromatic anticonvulsants. Lamotrigine is a relatively new aromatic anticonvulsant agent that is thought to act on voltage-dependent sodium channels. Initially, it was licensed as add-on therapy for seizures inadequately controlled by other medications. However, its use has been broadened to other indications, including stand-alone therapy for seizures as well as for bipolar disorder. There is extensive experience with hypersensitivity syndromes related to phenytoin, carbomazepine, primidone, and phenobarbital, but fewer reactions have been reported to lamotrigine because of its relatively recent release. Patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) have a higher rate of adverse reactions to many medications. It is unknown if they react more commonly to anticonvulsants such as lamotrigine. It is also unknown if the syndrome lias a tendency to be more severe or prolonged in such patients. The diagnosis of AHS may be particularly elusive in patients with HIV because its common features can easily be confused with an infectious etiology. We report the occurrence of a prolonged hypersensitivity syndrome likely related to lamotrigine in a 32-year-old female with HIV and review the literature regarding this condition.
Allergy Asthma Proc
PMID:Prolonged anticonvulsant hypersensitivity syndrome related to lamotrigine in a patient with human immunodeficiency virus. 1252 8

The purpose of this study was to explore the association between seizures and behavior problems in children with new-onset seizures using teachers' ratings of behavior. Subjects were 209 children with new-onset seizures and 93 children with asthma. Teacher ratings of behavior were collected prospectively over 24 months to determine differences between children with recurrent seizures, children without recurrent seizures, and children with asthma. During the 2-year period, 155 (74%) children had at least one recurring seizure. Data were analyzed using repeated-measures analysis of variance both with and without covariates. Controlling for covariates, children experiencing recurrent seizures had higher Total (P=0.002) and Internalizing (P=0.018) Behavior Problems scores across all times than those not experiencing recurrent seizures. Children with asthma were similar to children not experiencing recurrent seizures. The association between seizures and behavioral problems was supported using behavioral ratings from teachers.
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PMID:A prospective study of teachers' ratings of behavior problems in children with new-onset seizures. 1260 25

MULTIPLE OBSTACLES: There are many and various difficulties and obstacles during the medical treatment of epilepsy. They may create major stumbling blocks and largely jeopardize the control of this type of disease. POOR COMPLIANCE: Particularly frequent (30 to 50% of epileptics), it is one of the principle causes of pseudo-pharmaco-resistance. THE SIDE EFFECTS OF DRUGS: These are also frequent (15 to 30% of cases). Whatever their severity, they may be an important obstacle to the success of the treatment. Some of these effects are idiosyncratic, dose-independent, whereas others, non-idiosyncratic, are dose and time-dependent. THE AGGRAVATION OF EPILEPSY WITH ANTIEPILEPTIC AGENTS: This is possible and is usually due to an error in diagnosis, either in the type of seizure or the type of epilepsy in cause and which leads the physician to select an inappropriate treatment. Pregnancy may aggravate the progression of epilepsy in around a quarter of cases. Strict monitoring of the treatment is required. Intercurrent diseases and/or their treatment may have an impact on the epilepsy and its treatment. The diseases may be common affections or bacterial infections, psychiatric problems, lupus erythematosus or HIV infection. Likewise, the possible impact of commonly prescribed drugs such as those for gastric ulcers, asthma, cardiovascular diseases or even immunosuppressor treatments should be known. Renal failure and hepatic diseases often have a negative impact on antiepileptic treatments.
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PMID:[Difficulties and obstacles during medical treatment of epilepsies]. 1287 Apr

The aim of the present study was to study the epidemiological and clinical profile of patients attending an exclusive pediatric Emergency Department (ED). Data was retrieved from records of the patients seen over a 6-year period from 1995 to 2000. Descriptive analysis was done to define demographic and clinical details, and monthly admission rates and diagnoses. A total of 43800 patients were seen during the study period. Of these 42.1 per cent were admitted after initial evaluation. The ratio of boys to girls was 3:1; 47 per cent were infants under 1 year of age. The common reasons for attending the emergency department were gastrointestinal and respiratory illnesses (23 per cent each), neurological emergencies (16 per cent), and neonatal problems (15.6 per cent). Poisonings were seen in 0.6 per cent of patients. Eight illnesses, i.e. acute diarrhea, upper respiratory infection, pneumonia, acute asthma, seizures, meningitis, and neonatal sepsis and jaundice, comprised nearly half of all the emergency visits. Acute diarrhoeal diseases, pneumonia, asthma, and encephalitis showed a distinct seasonal trend. Our data implies that planning of staff training and triage and efficient resource utilization in the pediatric ED in a developing country such as ours should take into consideration the preponderance of infants, seasonal trends, and the most common emergencies (acute diarrhea, pneumonia, acute asthma, seizures and neonatal infection) as priorities.
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PMID:Pediatric emergencies at a tertiary care hospital in India. 1292 80

Differentiation of pseudoseizures from epileptic seizures and hysterical stridor from asthma is key to the treatment of patients. Both pseudoseizures and hysterical stridor are associated commonly with sexual abuse, eating disorders, depression, substance abuse, anxiety disorders, and personality disorders. Failure to reach an appropriate diagnosis results in inappropriate medical care including recurrent intubations, antiepileptic drugs, and excessive hospitalizations. This case represents the first instance of reported pseudoseizures in a patient with hysterical stridor secondary to childhood sexual abuse.
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PMID:Pseudoseizures and hysterical stridor. 1512 32


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