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Query: UMLS:C0036572 (seizures)
 80,221 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Because of a case of typical transient global amnesia following cerebral angiography, the records of all patients undergoing cerebral angiography during a seven-year period were reviewed. Six other cases were discovered. All patients had either transfemoral catheter or brachial angiograms performed immediately before the development of amnesia. Spasm of a vertebral artery was noted in one case. None had clinically obvious seizures. All recovered within 24 hours. This only recently reported complication of cerebral angiography is consistent with a vascular etiology of the syndrome of transient global amnesia when not associated with angiography, although a direct toxic effect of the contrast material cannot be excluded.
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PMID:Transient global amnesia after cerebral angiography. Report of seven cases. 711 52

Rats rendered hypoxic by brief exposure to N2 after learning an avoidance response go into convulsions and subsequently become amnestic. Overt convulsions can be avoided whilst yet producing delayed post-hypoxic transient amnesia (DPHTA) by using 2% O2 in N2 in place of pure N2. The experiments reported here show that with this gas mixture, the ECoG shows hardly any of the electrical activity associated with seizures which occurs with N2. It is concluded that electrical seizures are not associated with the mechanism responsible for DPHTA.
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PMID:Delayed post hypoxic transient amnesia is not associated with electrical brain seizures. 716 84

A cohort of 2747 patients with head injuries was followed for 28,176 person-years to determine the magnitude and duration of the risk of posttraumatic seizures. Injuries were classified as severe (brain contusion, intracerebral or intracranial hematoma, or 24 hours of eight unconsciousness of amnesia), moderate (skull fracture or 30 minutes to 24 hours of unconsciousness or amnesia), and mild (briefer unconsciousness or amnesia). The risk of posttraumatic seizures after severe injury was 7.1% within 1 year and 11.5% in 5 years, after moderate injury the risk was 0.7 and 1.6%, and after mild injury the risk was 0.1 and 0.6%. The incidence of seizures after mild head injuries was not significantly greater than in the general population.
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PMID:Seizures after head trauma: a population study. 719 Feb 35

Electrical stimulation with brief pulses can produce a seizure requiring less energy than conventional sine-wave stimulation, and it has been suggested that brief-pulse stimulation might reduce the memory loss associated with electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). The authors evaluated the effects of electroconvulsive shock (ECS) on memory in mice by using various waveforms, current intensities, training-ECS intervals, pulse widths, and stimulus durations. When equated for ability to produce seizures, low-energy, brief-pulse stimulation caused as much amnesia as sine-wave stimulation and sometimes more. In the absence of comparisons of the amnesic effects of brief-pulse and sine-wave stimulation in humans, the use of brief pulses for administering ECT is unwarranted.
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PMID:Memory and convulsive stimulation: effects of stimulus waveform. 727 Jul 20

Many patients with temporal lobe epilepsy also experience dissociative episodes. Three patients with multiple personality exhibited alterations in speech pattern, personality, handedness, and sense of personal identity and claimed amnesia for the dissociative episodes. Another 10 patients identified alternative personalities or demons as motivators of ego-alien behavior. Of clinic patients with temporal lobe epilepsy, 33% exhibited some dissociative phenomena, which had no apparent association with individual seizures but always followed the development of the seizure disorder. The authors propose that intensified, dystonic affects, characteristic of the interictal period in temporal lobe epilepsy, may predispose some individuals to dissociative reactions.
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PMID:Multiple personality and related dissociative phenomena in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy. 729 86

This paper presents electroencephalographic evidence of bilateral independent temporal lobe spiking during an episode of transient global amnesia. The amnesia occurred during a period of hypotension secondary to sinus bradycardia. The amnesia recurred in absence of bradycardia and hypotension. The temporal lobe spiking leads credence to the thought that transient global amnesia occurs as the result of seizure activity.
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PMID:Transient global amnesia associated with bradycardia and temporal lobe spikes. 734 28

Transient global amnesia is a benign condition in which an isolated episode of amnesia occurs and then clears completely. No loss of motor or sensory function occurs and patients are not aphasic during the episodes. Neurologic workup is not likely to reveal any specific cause. It is necessary to eliminate treatable causes of transient ischemic attacks and also to rule out seizure disorders and brain tumors as a cause of this often unrecognized phenomenon. Cerebrovascular disease is often postulated as the underlying mechanism.
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PMID:Transient global amnesia: perplexing to patient and physician alike. 745 47

A patient is reported in whom a classic amnesic syndrome developed as a result of repeated episodes of cerebral ischaemia, accompanied by seizures. The amnesia was very severe for both old and newly acquired memories and the critical lesions defined by MRI were circumscribed areas confined to CA1 and CA2 fields of both hippocampi.
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PMID:Bilateral lesions of CA1 and CA2 fields of the hippocampus are sufficient to cause a severe amnesic syndrome in humans. 760 20

Benzodiazepines are the psychotropics most frequently prescribed despite an impressive reduction in use in the last 10 years. Their main pharmacodynamic effects (anxiolytic, sedative, anticonvulsive, muscle-relaxing, amnestic) are the basis for various therapeutic applications and indications. The most important differences among the variety of benzodiazepines are pharmacokinetic ones (elimination half-life, formation of pharmacologically active metabolites). Established indications are anxiety and sleep disorders, seizures, epilepsy, premedication and sedation in emergency medicine. In recent years it has also been proven to be effective in the treatment of panic disorder and catatonia. Among the side effects seen most frequently are impairments of cognitive and psychomotor function as well as rebound phenomena. Discussions have recently focused on the incidence of abuse and dependence as well as case reports on severe amnesia. Alternative medications like neuroleptics in low dosage and antidepressants seem to be predominantly unfavorable due to the fact that they are tolerated less well and sometimes have severe side effects. A clear-cut indication and time-limited prescription can reduce the number of benzodiazepine long-term users, and a comprehensive treatment concept must be the basis of rational prescription of benzodiazepines. The positive benefit-risk ratio as well as research perspectives [identification of receptor subtypes, development of highly selective ligands and partial (inverse) agonists] are reasons for assuming that the era of the benzodiazepines has not come to an end.
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PMID:[Current status of treatment with benzodiazepines]. 760 11

Dotarizine (DOT), a compound performing both as calcium antagonist and as 5-HT2 receptor antagonist, was evaluated for its ability to protect against electroconvulsive shock (ECS)- and pentylenetetrazol (PTZ)-induced performance deficit in a passive avoidance "step-down" task in rats. Its effect on electric and PTZ seizure models was also studied. DOT administered orally at a dose of 50 mg/kg for 5 days before learning had no significant effect on retention tests given 3 h, 24 h and 7 days after the training session. It should be noted, however, that DOT completely prevented ECS- and PTZ-induced amnesia in passive avoidance situation. DOT had a pronounced protective effect against electric seizures but did not affect PTZ seizures. The present results provide additional evidence for the role of serotonergic neurotransmitter system and calcium homeostasis for memory and seizure reactivity and may be important in the development of effective treatment strategies for memory dysfunction.
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PMID:Effect of dotarizine on electroconvulsive shock or pentylenetetrazol-induced amnesia and on seizure reactivity in rats. 762 21


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