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Query: UMLS:C0036572 (seizures)
 80,221 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Over one half of all neurotrauma occurs in or by motor vehicles. The other causes of neurotrauma are falls, violent assaults, sports and recreation, and firearms. The victims who survive are left with paralysis, disfigurement, loss of sight and hearing, seizures, epilepsy, psychiatric disorders, amnesia--in short, significant and often permanent impairment. To permanently prevent this annual human destruction, the prevention agenda should include advocating for air bags in all cars, helmet use for all motorcyclists, the elimination of handguns, and the regionalization of all trauma care. After this is accomplished, we can continue working on preventing other neurotrauma problems.
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PMID:Issues in the prevention of neurotrauma. 364 Dec 52

This essay explores the usefulness of the concept of consciousness in epileptology and concludes that it does not further the understanding of seizure mechanisms and brain function. The reasons for this are both theoretical and empirical. Consciousness cannot be adequately defined. This may explain why attempts at accounting for it in neurobiological terms have failed. Epistemological and scientific arguments are reviewed which suggest why a satisfactory explanation of consciousness is not now and may never be possible. There are, however, aspects of conscious experience such as perception, cognition, memory, affect, and voluntary motility that are open to neurobiological research. Careful observations of epileptic seizures with "loss of consciousness" often reveal that only some components of consciousness are impaired. "Loss of consciousness" during a seizure, often presenting as unresponsiveness, may be due to aphasia, inability to perform voluntary movements, ictal or postictal amnesia (sometimes with preservation of memory during the ictus itself), or to diversion of attention by a hallucinated experience. A plea is made to observe accurately and interact with the patient during an attack in order to distinguish between these various behavioral disturbances masquerading as "loss of consciousness."
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PMID:Consciousness as a neurological concept in epileptology: a critical review. 372 Jul 10

The authors present psychiatric and neurologic data on 20 patients who developed mania after closed head trauma. An association was seen between severity of head trauma (based on length of posttraumatic amnesia), posttraumatic seizure disorder, and type of bipolar disorder. The manic episodes were characterized by irritable mood rather than euphoria and by assaultiveness. Psychosis occurred in only 15% of the sample, and 70% had no depressive episodes. Bipolar disorders were absent among 85 first-degree relatives. The authors suggest that posttraumatic seizures may be a predisposing factor in posttraumatic mania.
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PMID:Mania following head trauma. 379 47

In an unselected series of 488 patients with head injuries referred to a general surgical department, there were 126 children aged 0-19 years whose head injuries were a result of traffic accidents. In age group 0-4 years, only 23% of the head injuries were due to traffic accidents. In age groups 5-9, 10-14, and 15-19 years, however, traffic accidents were the main cause of the injuries, being responsible for 47%, 65% and 82% of the cases respectively. Both age groups 5-9 and 10-14 years had an unusually high proportion of bicycle injuries, while motorcycle and automobile accidents were the leading causes of injury in age group 15-19 years. Eight children (6%) died as a result of head trauma. Furthermore, among the survivors there were 8 children with severe head injuries (post-traumatic amnesia lasting 24 h), the rest being minor head injuries. All the survivors but one returned to school and achieved reasonable performances. Repeated follow-up studies at 3 months, 1 and 5 years, including interviews with the parents, disclosed that several of the children had headache, dizziness and other complaints. These subjective complaints subsided with time, but with different patterns, in the younger and older age groups. It is concluded that the "postconcussional syndrome" is not uncommon in children, but it may be better tolerated and resolves more completely with time than in adults. Eight children (7%) had one seizure or more during the 5-year follow-up period.
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PMID:Pediatric head injuries caused by traffic accidents. A prospective study with 5-year follow-up. 392 Dec 51

A patient with episodes of transient global amnesia and transient partial amnesia was found to have a meningioma impinging on the right medial temporal lobe. Multiple partial complex seizures and EEG abnormalities suggested an epileptogenic disorder.
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PMID:Transient global amnesia and meningioma. 399 Sep 76

Intracerebral injections of puromycin, which have been shown to impair memory 3 hours after training, increase the susceptibility of mice to seizures after administration of normally subconvulsive doses of pentylenetetrazol. Cycloheximide, which antagonizes the puromycin-induced amnesia 3 hours after training, also antagonizes the puromycin effect on susceptibility to seizure. The anticonvulsant diphenylhydantoin antagonizes the puromycin effect on memory. The puromycin effect on memory may be due to occult seizures.
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PMID:Puromycin effect on memory may be due to occult seizures. 606 47

Diazepam, clorazepate and flunitrazepam are used to premedicate , to anesthetize and after the intervention. Anxiolysis , sedation, hypnosis, muscle relaxation, amnesia and seizure prevention justified their employment. They have few side effects. Anesthesiologist just have to be careful of their long-acting effects as for ambulatory anaesthesia.
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PMID:[Use of benzodiazepines in anesthesia and resuscitation]. 614 23

A 43-year-old man developed severe global amnesia with uncinate fits and a single generalised convulsion 10 days after a febrile infection. CSF pleocytosis and serological findings indicated an acute Epstein-Barr virus encephalitis. All of the symptoms cleared within 2 weeks except for occasional generalised seizures. This seems to be the first observation of Epstein-Barr virus encephalitis presenting predominantly as transient global amnesia.
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PMID:Transient global amnesia as a manifestation of Epstein-Barr virus encephalitis. 619 Sep 98

The effects of several doses of intracerebroventricularly injected cholecystokinin octapeptide sulfate ester (CCK-8-SE) and nonsulfated scholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK-8-NS) were studied on electroconvulsive shock (ECS)-induced retrograde amnesia, as measured in a one-trial step-through passive avoidance paradigm. Both CCK-8-SE and CCK-8-NS were able to attenuate amnesia slightly when they were injected into rats 10 min prior to ECS treatment, possibly by reducing the severity of the ECS-induced seizures. Of the treatments carried out immediately after ECS, only the 0.8 pmole dose of CCK-8-NS could significantly restore retrograde amnesia. After treatment 20 min prior to testing 24-hr retention, no effect of the peptides was observed. The lack of a dose-dependency and of any effect on retrieval raises the possibility that the CCK octapeptides influence memory processes by an indirect mechanism.
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PMID:The effects of sulfated and nonsulfated cholecystokinin octapeptides on electroconvulsive shock-induced retrograde amnesia after intracerebroventricular administration in rats. 632 92

Consecutive head-injured patients admitted to Cook County Hospital in Chicago, Illinois, over a 12-month period were examined upon admission and discharge. Information was collected about the nature of the injury, symptoms, signs, and sequelae for 702 patients. Detailed descriptions of the causes of these injuries, and their correlates, were also obtained.Approximately 80 percent of the patients had localized pain, loss of consciousness and/or posttraumatic amnesia, and associated injuries; 16 percent had a skull fracture, 7.0 percent had an intracranial hematoma, 4.1 percent had early seizures, and 2.4 percent died.Skull x-ray examinations were performed on 93.4 percent of the patients (16.9 percent were positive) and radiographic examination of the cervical spine was performed on 67.2 percent (1.7 percent were positive). Utilization of EEGs, computerized tomography scans, and arteriograms was also assessed.Falls were the leading cause of injury (45.8 percent) for patients under 16 years of age and interpersonal injuries accounted for the majority (55.7 percent) of the injuries to adults. About 15 percent of the adults sustained severe or fatal injuries, compared with only 7 percent of the children.It is concluded that although this set of data suggests new considerations for the prevention of head injuries, the lack of comparative data about the medical correlates of these injuries inhibits similar observations about medical care.
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PMID:Urban head injury: a clinical series. 663 94


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