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Query: UMLS:C0036572 (seizures)
 80,221 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Dreaming may be altered by cerebral hemispheric disease. A woman who sustained a probable left posterior cerebral artery thrombosis, with right homonymous hemianopsia and alexia, had virtual cessation of dreaming for at least 9 months. Four individuals with temporal lobe epilepsy experienced recurrent painful (frightening) dreams, which in two patients showed features identical to seizures. Sleep recordings showed abnormalities in all four, including rhythmic temporal epileptiform activity during REM sleep. Lesions in parieto-occipital loci may interfere with production of the visual imagery required for dreaming (negative symptom in the Jacksonian sense) while epileptic activity in temporal loci may produce painful repetitive dream imagery (positive symptom).
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PMID:Effect of certain cerebral hemispheric diseases on dreaming. 21 57

A 11-year-old boy of short stature had recurrent right temporal pounding headaches of 7 months' duration, and progressive visual loss for 3 days. There was a left hemianopia, alexia without agraphia, and diffuse muscle weakness. Investigation established the presence of a mitochondrial myopathy with pyruvate and lactic acidemia and increased serum content of sarcoplasmic enzymes. On treatment with prednisone, the patient's strength and reading skill improved, symptoms resolved, and muscle enzymes returned to normal. Three attempts to reduce steroids resulted in accentuation of symptoms, seizures, weakness, regression of reading skills, and elevation of serum enzymes. The alexia was also reversible.
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PMID:Reversible alexia, mitochondrial myopathy, and lactic acidemia. 57 70

Verbal recent memory disturbance was observed in a patient with a malignant glioma associated with left hippocampal atrophy. A 25 year-old male was admitted because of seizures. CT scan and MRI showed enhanced mass lesions in the left temporal lobe associated with ipsilateral hippocampal atrophy. Neurological examination disclosed right homonymous hemianopsia, word amnesia, alexia, agraphia and acalculia. Neuropsychological examination disclosed verbal recent memory disturbance, which consisted of impaired recall of the precisely memorized words after some interruption. Although hippocampal lesions are known to be often associated with cerebrovascular disease, hippocampal atrophy due to brain tumor is quite unusual. This case suggested that the left hippocampus is closely related to verbal recent memory. Hippocampal atrophy in this case conceivably derived from the decreased arterial flow due to perifocal edema or obstructive hydrocephalus.
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PMID:[A case of malignant glioma associated with verbal recent memory disturbance due to left hippocampal atrophy; case report]. 138 Jun 76

A case is reported of acquired aphasia in a 15-year-old right-handed boy, secondary to a right occipitotemporal tumour. He had aphasia, alexia, agraphia and visuospatial disturbances, which persisted after partial removal of the neoplasm. 15 days after surgery he had an episode of left focal seizures, after which the aphasia worsened. One month later he developed severe (global) aphasia associated with rostral extension of the tumour. Although crossed aphasia was previously considered common in children, there are few reports with anatomical confirmation. In the authors' own series of 31 children with acquired aphasia this is the only case of crossed aphasia, an incidence similar to that found in adult cases.
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PMID:Acquired crossed aphasia in a child. 243 95

We report on a 38-year-old patient with intractable complex partial seizures originating in the dominant left medial temporal region. In the work-up for seizure surgery, arrays of subdural electrodes were placed, and electrical stimulation revealed marked language interference in a 2 X 2-cm area in the left basal temporal fusiform gyrus (3.5 to 5.5 cm posterior to the temporal tip). Complete receptive and expressive aphasia, inability to repeat, agraphia, and alexia were elicited, but visual memory was preserved, and no constructional apraxia was noted. Stimulation of the basal temporal gyrus at lower stimulus intensities produced a relatively selective and severe anomia.
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PMID:Basal temporal language area demonstrated by electrical stimulation. 396 Mar 24

There has been considerable recent interest in frontal lobe epileptic syndromes, and less attention paid to occipital and parietal epilepsies. The occipital and parietal lobes have arbitrary anatomical borders. The prinicpal seizure symptomatology includes somatosensory (paresthetic, painful, thermal, sexual, apraxia, disturbances of body image); visual (amaurotic, elementary and complex hallucinations, illusions) and other phenomena (anosognosia, apraxia, acalculia, alexia, aphemia, confusional states, gustatory, vertiginous, adversive, oculoclonic and eyelid flutter). The seizure symptoms are of varying localizing and lateralizing value and seizure discharges may spread rapidly and perceived symptoms may reflect secondary spread rather than the primary site of seizure onset. Recognized parietal and occipital epilepsy syndromes include benign epilepsy of childhood with centrotemporal spikes, benign epilepsy of childhood with parietal evoked spikes, benign occipital epilepsy of childhood, migraine/epilepsy syndromes, and epilepsy with bilateral occipital calcification. In addition, occipital and parietal epilepsy may be on the basis of any underlying structural lesion. There is frequently a poor correlation between clinical and EEG features. MRI and functional imaging often reveals underlying pathology. There have been no specific trials of different antiepileptic drugs for occipital and parietal seizures. Surgical treatment has its place, with attention to the risk of causing a fixed neurological deficit.
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PMID:Parietal and occipital lobe epilepsy: a review. 850 83

We present the clinical and electrographic data of 17 patients with reading-induced seizures documented with ictal video-EEG studies during provocation with language related tasks. The median age at onset was 15 years (range 11-22 years) and the male:female ratio was 2.4. Fourteen patients had no spontaneous seizures of any type while the remaining three had infrequent generalized tonic-clonic seizures during nocturnal sleep. Two distinct electroclinical ictal patterns were confirmed on video-EEG analysis. (i) Fifteen patients had reading-induced jerks which invariably involved the region of the jaw but also included the upper limbs in five of them. Ictal EEG discharges were noted in 12 patients; these were brief but varied in terms of morphology and spatial distribution, with a clear tendency for left-sided predominance. All but one of these patients had similar myoclonic seizures induced by linguistic activities other than reading, the phenomenon probably justifying the term 'language-induced epilepsy'. Some patients had evidence of transient cognitive impairment associated with the reading-induced jaw or limb jerks. Three patients had a sibling with reading epilepsy but there was no other family history of epileptic seizures. (ii) Two patients had reading-provoked paroxysmal alexia without motor symptoms, associated with prolonged focal ictal EEG abnormalities. Reading provoked a subclinical, continuous and reproducible EEG activation over the left posterior temporal area. We propose that ictogenesis in reading or language-induced epilepsy is based on the reflex activation of a hyperexcitable network that subserves the function of speech and extends over multiple cerebral areas on both hemispheres. The parts of this network responding to the stimulus may, secondarily, drive the relative motor areas producing the typical regional myoclonus. This network hyperexcitability can be genetically determined and its clinical expression is age-related.
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PMID:The variants of reading epilepsy. A clinical and video-EEG study of 17 patients with reading-induced seizures. 971 4

The authors summarize the data of 60 patients of the Memory Clinic of the National Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology between 6 January 1992 and 6 June 1994 where the probable Alzheimer's disease (NINCDS-ADRDA) was diagnosed. It was examined whether it was possible to isolate homogenous subtypes based on clinical data. Interesting differences of tendency level could be demonstrated in the groups formed on the basis of data published in the literature. Differences of statistical significance level were as follows: occurrence of depression in the groups created on the basis of the patient age at the time of onset of the disease (early-late onset), and of alexia and autotopagnosia in the groups created on the basis of progression rate (slow - quick). The absence of epileptic seizures is extremely interesting. The authors' final conclusion is the following: the clinical symptoms unfortunately do not give sufficient possibility to form homogenous subtypes in the general frame of Alzheimer's disease.
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PMID:Clinical subtypes of Alzheimer's disease. 1537 19

Idiopathic partial reading epilepsy (RE) is a rare syndrome. We report the clinical and electroencephalographic characteristics of two right-handed patients with the following: reading-induced independent bilateral temporal lobe seizures, accompanied by alexia in left (dominant) sided seizures recorded on video-EEG (electroencephalography); subclinical activation over left posterior temporal and occipital electrodes during reading; no spontaneous seizure and no other trigger than reading; onset in adolescence; and history of varying resistance to treatment. Bilateral independent temporal lobe reflex seizures are part of the clinical spectrum of RE. It may result from hyperexcitability of bilateral cortical networks involved in the early steps of the reading process.
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PMID:Bitemporal form of partial reading epilepsy: further evidence for an idiopathic localization-related syndrome. 1967 58

Reading epilepsy is a rare type of reflex epilepsy. The seizures often comprise facial twitching and alexia, but can be difficult to recognise and mistaken for non-epileptic events. Previous reports have identified reading of printed text, television and computer screens as inducing seizures, but hand-held digital media have not been implicated. We report a 44-year-old woman with difficulty using the text message function of her mobile phone with a long background of unrecognised reading-induced seizures.
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PMID:"Txt"-induced seizures indicating reading epilepsy in the mobile phone age. 2255 85


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