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Query: UMLS:C0036572 (seizures)
 80,221 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The clinical pictures of a left temporal lobe astrocytoma involving the hippocampal region showed a period of 27 years from ages 12 to 38 by epileptic seizures and a period of 9 years from 14 to 22 by schizophrenia-like symptoms and the following aggressive behavior during 16 years from ages 23 to 38. After a resection of the temporal lobe tumor sparing the hippocampus, transient delusions and aggressive behavior were observed. It might be considered that the hippocampus has the most suspectable relationship with the schizophrenia-like symptoms.
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PMID:A case of temporal lobe astrocytoma associated with epileptic seizures and schizophrenia-like psychosis. 273 75

The contemporary behavior analyst, to operate ethically and effectively, must be aware of many more factors affecting behavior than simple consequences. Although the literature demonstrating the effectiveness of active behavior management is impressive, a compelling argument can be made that a great number of behavior problem seen in individuals with developmental disabilities may be attributable to factors other than consequences. Our experience has been more often than not that physiological, organic, medication, or situational variables are the actual culprits in maladaptive behavior. Individuals with severe or profound retardation may respond to aversive features of their environment by displaying noncompliance, tantrums, aggression, or self-injurious behavior. These antecedents can affect their behavior just as powerfully as can the consequences of their behavior. Behavior analysts must become sensitive to these potential factors and be prepared to employ behavioral diagnostic strategies in the search for the causes of maladaptive behavior. Finally, they must be prepared to design rather unconventional passive behavior management treatment programs involving the manipulation of the antecedent environment. In the case of Carrie, from the example at the beginning of this paper, the analysis yielded the hypothesis that her face scratching was a reaction to sinus blockage caused by seasonal allergies. Her treatment involved daily dosages of antihistamines administered by our nurses and subsequent elimination of the scratching. Tom was found to be suffering from "wheelchair fatigue." When he was allowed to recline on other surfaces (e.g., bean bag chair, mat, bolster) on a regular basis, he did not attempt any form of self-injury. Melissa was found to have a severe case of Pre Menstrual Syndrome as well as seizure disorder, and was treated with the appropriate medications. Her headbanging was reduced to a few minor incidents per month. Walter's tantrums on closer inspection seemed part of a chain of behavior leading to seizure-like attacks. Preliminary evidence suggests that when he is treated with phenobarbital the tantrums and aggression disappear. And finally, Debbie was found to be very sensitive to a variety of discomforting events. She would cry, sob, and scream when she was wet, thirsty, hungry, and tired. Changing her regularly, offering her water every hour and extra snacks in the morning as well as short naps in the early afternoon eliminated the crying and sobbing. She now participates with the other clients and seems to enjoy the house activities.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Behavioral diagnostics. 274 44

Episodic rage and aggression in mentally handicapped people have typically been very difficult to eliminate or even reduce. Behaviour modification programmes designed to reduce extremely aggressive outbursts are based on various theories which presume these behaviours are volitional. This paper considers the possibility that these behaviours are involuntary and probably due to frontal lobe dysfunction. Twenty extremely aggressive cases are reported which present the clinical picture of frontal lobe seizures. Specific eye, face, trunk and limb movements plus vocalizations are extracted from the neurologic literature on frontal lobe seizures. A similarity with Tourette syndrome is noted.
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PMID:Episodic rage and aggression attributed to frontal lobe seizures. 279 43

The aim of this paper was to determine whether the prolonged decrease in seizure threshold produced by chemical kindling was accompanied by behavioural changes in tests of anxiety and aggression. The responses of rats in five tests were examined after chronic treatment with the benzodiazepine inverse agonist FG7142. This treatment caused chemical kindling, so that the originally proconvulsant drug caused full seizures. This effect is very long-lasting, and our previous work with mice had suggested that it might be accompanied by an increase in anxiety-related behavior. In the present work no significant differences were found between the behaviour of FG7142-kindled rats and vehicle-treated controls in social interaction test, elevated plus maze, or the Vogel conflict test of anxiety or in tests of home cage aggression or startle responses. The results therefore show that prolonged changes in seizure threshold can occur without alterations in the apparent level of anxiety.
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PMID:Kindling with the beta-carboline FG7142 suggests separation between changes in seizure threshold and anxiety-related behaviour. 285 10

The effects of various doses of caffeine and of chlor-desmethyldiazepam on footshock-induced aggressive behavior were examined in mice with different baselines of aggressiveness. Caffeine significantly increased the number of fighting episodes with all the doses tested. This was more evident in mice with low rather than in those with high basal rates of agonistic response. Caffeine caused the appearance of minimal convulsive signs in mice subjected to a threshold electroshock which did not produce any seizure in the controls; it also increased metrazol toxicity. Chlor-desmethyldiazepam enhanced fighting behavior at doses of 0.04 and 0.08 mg/kg, but decreased it at 1.25 mg/kg. The first two doses produced the same effects as caffeine on electroshock test, but did not influence metrazol toxicity.
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PMID:Effects of caffeine and chlor-desmethyldiazepam on fighting behavior of mice with different reactivity baselines. 286 50

Brotizolam (2-bromo-4-(2-chlorophenyl)-9-methyl-6H-thieno[3,2-f]-1,2,4-triazolo [4,3-a]-1,4-diazepine, We 941, Lendormin) is a thienotriazolo diazepine with predominantly sleep-inducing properties. Additionally, brotizolam, attenuated conflict behavior in rats and inhibited aggressive behavior in mice and cats. Brotizolam prevented audiogenic seizures in mice, seizures provoked by electroshock in rats and inhibited convulsions elicited by electrical stimulation in the limbic system of cats. Furthermore, brotizolam antagonized seizures induced by the convulsant drugs pentetrazol, bicuculline and strychnine in mice. Motocoordination was not impaired within the effective dose range. Muscle relaxant effects appeared at higher doses only. The onset of effect of brotizolam occurred in the different experiments within 15-30 min, thus indicating a fast enteral absorption and penetration of the blood-brain barrier. The duration of action within the therapeutic dose range was between 2-6 h. The effect of brotizolam was compared with other diazepine derivatives. Brotizolam was more active than diazepam, nitrazepam, estazolam, flurazepam and clonazepam and nearly as active as triazolam.
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PMID:Antiemotional and anticonvulsant activity of brotizolam and its effects on motor performance in animals. 287 99

Persistent aggressive behavior may develop in patients with brain disorders of various types, including seizure disorders, mental retardation, metabolic disorders, head injury, and in some instances schizophrenia. Although a neurochemical basis for aggression in these cases is unclear, a hyperadrenergic state is considered to be one possibility. This has led to the hypothesis that beta blockers may be useful in the control of aggression. The original assumption was that the site of antiaggressive action of beta blockers is in the brain. However, the antiaggressive efficacy of nadolol, which does not cross the blood-brain barrier to any great extent, suggests a peripheral site or sites. A review of several studies in which both old and young aggressive patients with various organic brain disorders received propranolol showed that aggressive behavior was reduced in 75 (86%) of 87. These results are encouraging because none of the patients had responded to earlier drug treatment. However, with the exception of one study of nine patients, none of the studies were controlled for placebo effects and most were retrospective. Preliminary results suggest tentative guidelines for treatment of aggressive behavior with beta blockers. Further studies are needed, and these should use a prospective, longitudinal double-blind design; large enough patient samples to permit testing hypotheses about disease-specific or symptom-specific responses to beta blockers; and improved instruments for measuring and classifying aggression.
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PMID:Can aggressive behavior in humans be modified by beta blockers? 289 57

The relationship between epilepsy and personality disorder is viewed. The historical links are discussed, and it is pointed out that the position has moved from that of assuming that everybody with epilepsy will undergo personality change, to noting in particular changes that may be associated with temporal lobe, especially limbic system, abnormalities. The Geschwind syndrome is briefly described, and the association between aggression and epilepsy explored. It is concluded that some aspects of personality may improve following temporal lobectomy, especially if seizures also improve.
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PMID:Personality disorders and epilepsy. 306 36

Progressive myoclonus epilepsy (PME) without Lafora bodies, or Baltic myoclonus epilepsy, is characterized by stimulus-sensitive myoclonus, generalized tonic-clonic seizures, and an irregularly progressive course beginning between 6 and 15 years of age. The EEG displays spike-and-wave paroxysms with irregular dominant activity. Baltic myoclonus epilepsy is a single-gene disorder inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern. Early cases were reported from Estonia, and many are now found in Finland, suggesting that the gene frequency is increased in those sharing the Finno-Ugric linguistic base. The use of phenytoin should be avoided in this disorder since its continued administration alone or with other antiepileptic drugs is associated with intellectual and motor deterioration, aggressive behavior, increasing ataxia, and even death. Treatment with valproate and the concomitant elimination of phenytoin have been associated with marked improvement in most cases. Baltic myoclonus epilepsy must be distinguished from Lafora body PME, which is relentlessly progressive and invariably fatal, but can usually be differentiated on clinical grounds.
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PMID:Effect of phenytoin on the mental and physical function of patients with Baltic myoclonus epilepsy. 311 15

Case descriptions of 17 patients with choroid plexus papillomas of neonates, infants and children are presented. Fourteen (82%) were diagnosed and treated during the first 24 months of life (5 were in the neonatal period). Choroid plexus papillomas were located in the lateral ventricle in 11 (bilateral in 1), the third ventricle in 4, both the lateral and third ventricle in 1 and the fourth ventricle in 1. All patients were evaluated by computed tomography. All tumors were excised and histologically verified. There were no surgical or case mortalities. Ten patients needed permanent shunting postoperatively. Follow-up observations show that 13 patients exhibit normal neurological and psychomotor development. Three are retarded and have seizure disorders. One is hemiparetic but normal otherwise. Aggressive surgical resection and appropriate management of associated hydrocephalus should be performed for the patients with choroid plexus papillomas.
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PMID:Choroid plexus papillomas of neonates, infants and children. 321 83


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