Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0036572 (seizures)
 80,221 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 13-year-old, castrated male Siamese cat was presented with a 4-month history of recurrent seizures and bilateral conjunctivitis and rhinitis. Computed tomography of the brain and nose revealed a cystic lesion in the cranial cavity that compressed the brain and invaded the nose. Nasal biopsy revealed a nasal adenocarcinoma. The cat was treated with intermittent antibiotics, phenobarbital, piroxicam, and chemoembolization; it survived for 2 years after diagnosis.
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PMID:Cystic nasal adenocarcinoma in a cat treated with piroxicam and chemoembolization. 1797 18

Barrett's esophagus represents replacement of normal distal esophageal squamous epithelium with specialized columnar epithelium containing goblet cells. Typically arising in the setting of chronic gastroesophageal reflux disease, the presence of Barrett's esophagus carries a 50- to 100-fold increased risk of developing esophageal cancer. Risk factors include male sex, smoking history, obesity, Caucasian ethnicity, age > 50 and > 5-year history of reflux symptoms. Aggressive medical or surgical antireflux therapy may ameliorate symptoms, but have not yet been proven to affect the risk of developing esophageal adenocarcinoma in randomized trials. Although dysplasia is an imperfect biomarker for the development of subsequent malignancy, random sampling of esophageal tissue for dysplasia remains the clinical standard. There have been no studies to establish that endoscopic screening/surveillance programs decrease the rates of death from cancer. Fit patients with Barrett's esophagus and high-grade dysplasia should undergo esophagectomy to prevent the risk of developing esophageal adenocarcinoma. For non-operative candidates, endoscopic ablative approaches may represent a reasonable therapeutic alternative.
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PMID:Management of Barrett's esophagus. 1808 Jun 19

The primary intracranial giant cell type of malignant fibrous histiocytoma (GC-MFH) is rare, and the resemblance to meningioma causes diagnostic confusion. Discrimination from meningioma bears important therapeutic and prognostic implications. We report one such case in which an extracranial malignant neoplasm was seen after the initial diagnosis and treatment. A 62-year-old woman presented with history of seizure. MRI revealed a huge right frontotemporal, homogeneously enhanced extraaxial lesion with significant mass effect. The main vascular supply was the middle meningeal artery. Workup for lesions elsewhere was negative. Gross total resection including dural attachment was achieved. The histopathological features were consistent with the diagnosis of GC-MFH. Immunohistochemistry disclosed varied reactivity profiles in tumor component cells: the spindle-shaped cells possessed features of mesenchymal and hematopoietic lineage, the histiocytic cells those of mesenchymal and epithelial cells, and the osteoclast-like multinucleated giant cells those of monocyte/macrophage and epithelial cells. Proliferative activity was absent in giant cells. Local irradiation of 60 Gy (linac) was performed. The patient did well for 10 months, and follow-up MRI showed no evidence of tumor recurrence. Subsequently, she developed ascites and died 3 months later as a consequence of end-stage adenocarcinoma (ovary) with peritoneal dissemination. There is no established treatment protocol for primary intracranial MFH. Although gross total resection and local irradiation were effective in the short-term control of local relapse in the present case, occurrence of extracranial neoplasm was fatal. Close follow-up aimed at early detection of local recurrence and distant metastases, as well as extracranial malignancy, remains important.
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PMID:Giant cell type of primary intracranial malignant fibrous histiocytoma: a case report. 1809 21

A 46 years, nondiabetic, nonhypertensive woman presented with headache, vomiting, low grade intermittent fever, behavioral abnormality and seizures for last three months. Clinically she had meningism with bilateral papilloedema. Based on CSF analysis, normal CT scan of brain and suspicious lesion in X-ray chest, she was put on anti-tuberculosis therapy. As the patient further deteriorated clinically, MRI of brain was carried out and revealed bilateral increased signal intensities in both medial temporal lobes in T2 and flair sequences. Inj. acyclovir was added considering the diagnosis of herpes simplex encephalitis. In spite of receiving treatment patient gradually became more drowsy and repeat X-ray chest with CT guided FNAC showed picture of adenocarcinoma of lung. So finally, we concluded it to be a case of limbic encephalitis.
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PMID:Limbic encephalitis--an uncommon presentation of systemic malignancy. 1817 29

Leptomeningeal carcinomatosis occurs in approximately 5% of patients with cancer. The most common cancers involving the leptomeninges are breast, lung cancer and melanoma. However, gastric adenocarcinoma has been rarely reported with leptomeningeal carcinomatosis. The presenting manifestations are usually headache, visual disturbances and seizures. We report a case of leptomeningeal metastasis that presented as a gastric cancer. A 49-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital with the symptoms of headache and melena for 10 days. The endoscopy showed a thickening of the folds of the stomach compatible with the diagnosis of a Borrman type IV gastric cancer. The biopsy revealed a signet ring cell carcinoma. The MRI of brain showed no abnormal findings; however, the patient complained of an intractable persistent headache, nausea and vomiting on admission day 6. The cytology examination of the cerebrospinal fluid supported the diagnosis of metastatic signet ring cell carcinoma.
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PMID:A case of gastric adenocarcinoma presenting as meningeal carcinomatosis. 1830 94

Reversible posterior leucoencephalopathy syndrome is a neurological condition seen in various areas of acute medicine, including the administration of antineoplastic therapies used in haemato-oncology patients. It is a rare complication that has been increasingly recognized. It is characterized by altered mental status, visual disturbance, headache and seizures. Magnetic resonance imaging typically shows vasogenic oedema in the posterior regions of the brain. Although its name suggests reversibility, it may result in an irreversible brain injury without prompt treatment. Therefore, it is vital for treating clinicians to recognize this syndrome. We describe the case of a 55-year-old woman with advanced pancreatic adenocarcinoma, who developed clinical and radiological manifestations consistent with this syndrome as a complication of gemcitabine monotherapy.
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PMID:Chemotherapy-induced reversible posterior leucoencephalopathy syndrome. 2044 57

Syndromes from antibodies to voltage-gated potassium channels include neuromyotonia (NMT), limbic encephalitis (LE) and Morvan syndrome (MVS). There are distinct clinical features for NMT (cramps, stiffness, fasciculations, myokymia, hyperhidrosis; afterdischarges and continuous motor activity on electromyogram), LE (encephalopathy with seizures, deficient recent memory; hyponatremia, temporal lobe magnetic resonance imaging and electroencephalographic abnormalities) and MVS (NMT plus hyperhidrosis, dysautonomia, encephalopathy, severe insomnia, and sleep disorders). There may be associated myasthenia gravis or thymoma, and rarely lung cancer (small cell or adenocarcinoma), mandating that chest imaging be part of the evaluation. Most cases respond favorably to immunosuppression with plasma exchange, intravenous immunoglobulin or pulse intravenous methylprednisolone, usually followed by oral steroids.
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PMID:Management of voltage-gated potassium channel antibody disorders. 2081 72

We present an 80-year-old lady with a history of ovarian cancer, who manifested with seizure and left upper extremity weakness. The imaging revealed a multilobulated mass within right parietal lobe. She underwent surgical resection and the pathology was compatible with metastasis from ovarian adenocarcinoma. She received a whole brain radiation therapy and she has been in remission for more than 2 years.
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PMID:Brain metastasis from ovarian cancer: case report and review of the literature. 2138 Jul 85

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome is a clinicoradiologic entity that may present with headaches, altered mental status, seizures and visual loss as well as specific neuroimaging findings. We report a case of a 74-year-old woman receiving adjuvant gemcitabine chemotherapy as monotherapy for a stage IIa pancreatic adenocarcinoma, who developed posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome.
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PMID:Gemcitabine monotherapy associated with posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome. 2147 95

A 43-year-old male presenting with headache and dizziness underwent craniotomy and gross total resection of an extraaxial tumor was achieved via left occipital interhemispheric approach. The tumor was diagnosed as papillary meningioma arising from the left falcotentorium with such pathologic characteristics of bronchoalveolar adenocarcinoma. At postoperative day 40, he developed generalized tonic clonic seizure and then progressed to a status epilepticus pattern. Brain magnetic resonance imaging showed irregular leptomeningeal enhancement with a significant peritumoral area. Through a cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) study, we identified the meningioma cells of the papillary type from the CSF. At the postoperative day 60, he fell into semicomatose state, and the computed tomography imaging showed low density on both cerebral hemispheres, except the basal ganglia and cerebellum, with overall brain swelling and an increased intracranial pressure. He died on the following day. We experienced a rare case of a papillary meningioma with leptomeningeal seeding.
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PMID:Papillary meningioma with leptomeningeal seeding. 2151 3


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