Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0036572 (seizures)
 80,221 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A retrospective study was carried out on 261 patients with various epilepsies who had undergone convulsive status epilepticus prior to the subsequent onset of epileptic seizures. 1. Convulsive status epilepticus was found more in partial epilepsy and secondary generalized epilepsy at about the same rate, and evidently less in primary generalized epilepsy. On the average, three-fourths commenced their convulsive disorders with initial status epilepticus. 2. There were free intervals of years following initial status and preceding subsequent epilepsy. The interval was evidently shorter, less than two years, in a majority of patients with secondary generalized epilepsy, whereas the interval was mostly longer, more than six years, in patients with partial epilepsy. 3. The permanent deficient sequelae resulting from initial status were most closely associated with secondary generalized epilepsy. This was also exemplified by the higher rate of atrophic change on CCT. On the contrary, such permanent sequelae were less marked in partial epilepsy especially of complex seizure. 4. It was concluded that secondary generalized epilepsy resulted in cases with more severe brain damage within a relatively shorter interval, whereas complex partial seizure resulted from less severe damage with an obviously longer interval following convulsive status epilepticus.
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PMID:Status epilepticus in childhood: a retrospective study of initial convulsive status and subsequent epilepsies. 52 Sep 50

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) was performed in 21 patients who had had loss of consciousness of unknown origin, in order to find out whether TMS could help in finding the cause of unconsciousness and to estimate the risk of provoking a seizure in patients who had single fits in the past. Furthermore, EEG recordings with hyperventilation, photostimulation, 24-hour EEG and sleep-deprivation EEG's were carried out as well as CCT or NMR investigation. In 15 patients the loss of consciousness was judged to be due to an epileptic seizure. None of the 21 patients had epileptic potentials in EEG recordings or showed an epileptic seizure during or after TMS, hyperventilation or photostimulation. One patient developed spike-wave activity in the sleep-deprivation EEG, another in the 24-hour EEG. On the basis of our results and previous reports, TMS does not seem to be helpful in the diagnosis of loss of consciousness of unknown origin. However, TMS can be used more liberally than hitherto in the study of motor pathways, in cases with a history of single epileptic seizures.
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PMID:[Transcranial magnetic stimulation of patients with a single epileptic seizure]. 152 35

4.5 months after successful kidney transplantation a Non-Hodgkin-lymphoma with polymorph centroblastic appearance of the tonsillar gland developed in a 21 years old male patient during immunosuppressive therapy with cyclosporine A and prednisone parallel to infection with Epstein Barr virus. Focal epileptic seizures occurred and were due to cerebral posttransplantation lymphomas as proven by brain biopsy. Reduction of immunosuppressive therapy led to complete remission as shown by CCT and MRI.
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PMID:[Regression of cerebral post-transplantation lymphoma under cyclosporin A reduction]. 228 May 83

Fourteen of 330 patients with the clinical and laboratory supported definite diagnosis of Multiple Sklerose (MS) had epileptic seizures. The epilepsy of six patients probably originates from the MS. Four patients respectively suffered from genuin epilepsy or symptomatic epilepsy caused by other diseases than the MS. Most patients had GM, two GM and focal motor fits and one uncinatus fits. An epileptic focus in the EEG was evident in two patients. MRI- and CCT-scans frequently showed extensive cortex-neighboured lesions and multiple subcortical demyelination, especially localized in the temporal lobe. Epileptic seizures as a symptom of MS are very seldom. The longer the interval from the first episode of the MS to the first epileptic seizure the more probable epilepsy is caused by other reasons than the MS.
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PMID:[Multiple sclerosis and epilepsy. An analysis of 14 case histories]. 250 Jun 9

We report the neurological findings in two children with AIDS and one child with lesser AIDS. The first patient developed acute encephalopathy 37 months after having received a blood transfusion from a HTLV-III positive donor. CCT showed ring-enhancement and hypodense lesions with homogenous enhancement. Autopsy revealed CNS toxoplasmosis. The second child with AIDS, born to an iv drug-addicted mother, had one seizure at four months of age, but other neurologic signs were absent. She died of pneumonia due to Pneumocystis carinii at seven months of age. Postmortem examination of the brain revealed extensive nerve cell damage in the cerebral cortex and cerebellum, probably due to terminal hypoxemia and not AIDS-related. In both children clinical features of childhood AIDS like failure to thrive, lymphadenopathy, oral thrush and chronic pulmonary infiltrates were absent. The hallmark of the third child's clinical course was a progressive loss of psychomotor abilities with onset of the neurological symptoms nine months before other signs of AIDS occurred. AIDS should be suspected or excluded in children at increased risk for AIDS presenting with either acquired atypical CNS infection or unexplained developmental regression, even in the absence of other clinical symptoms of pediatric AIDS.
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PMID:Neurological manifestations in three German children with AIDS. 347 44

Investigations were made on 113 patients suffering from CFS. Definite or highly probable diagnosis often was set up by anamnesis, observation and clinical findings. In 93.8% the EEG was abnormal (seizure patterns 35.8%, focal abnormalities 5 8.4%, focal seizure discharges 14.1%). CCT showed pathological findings only in 58.4%. It was unavoidable in the diagnosis of tumors which were rarely found (8.8%). It showed localised brain lesions of various etiology in 31.8%, seldom perinatal brain damage or unspecific hydrocephali (17.7%). It is concluded that anamnesis, observation, clinical findings and EEG are the primary diagnostic steps in suspected CFS. EEG is the best for the patients survey, CCT, even if mostly indispensable because of its high evidence in morphological brain impairment often is of little or no use in he diagnosis of CFS, EEG and CCT are unavoidable in medical certificates.
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PMID:[Complex focal seizures: studies based on the cranial computer tomogram, clinical aspects and longitudinal EEG studies]. 642 22

Three unusual cases of focal continuous myoclonus with onset during the first months of life, lasting from dozens of minutes to hours, are reported. During disease evolution, prolonged bilateral myoclonic seizures and generalized tonic-clonic seizures occur. Subsequently, a progressive encephalopathy with hypotonia and ataxia appears. A net worsening of the neurological condition is observed after the age of 4-5 years. Cortical atrophy is shown by CCT and MRI. Neurometabolic screening is not contributory. Repeated polygraphic recordings show continuous and segmental myoclonic jerks, localized in different muscles, at frequencies ranging between 0.5-1 c/s and 6-8 c/s. Moreover action myoclonus is recorded. During the first period of disease the EEG does not show any paroxysmal activity. As to the classification, this syndrome corresponds to an early onset progressive encephalopathy of unknown origin, similar in some aspects to Alper's disease. Another problem is the interpretation of the myoclonic phenomena. Some important aspects suggest a cortical origin of the diverse myoclonic phenomena observed in these cases.
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PMID:Early-onset progressive encephalopathy with migrant, continuous myoclonus. 873 1

We report the case of a 54-year-old woman who was admitted for benzodiazepine withdrawal. After 6 weeks of carbamazepine treatment (600, then 200 mg) the patient suddenly suffered from a grand mal seizure. Laboratory findings revealed a clinical significant hyponatremia of Na 125 mmol/l (baseline: 143 mmol/l). CCT and ECG were normal. To our knowledge, this is the first description of a seizure related to hyponatremia in an adult carbamazepine-treated patient.
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PMID:Hyponatremia-induced seizure during carbamazepine treatment. 1736 52

Proliferative vasculopathy and hydranencephaly-hydrocephaly syndrome (PVHH, OMIM 225790), also known as Fowler syndrome, is a rare autosomal recessive disorder, caused by mutations in FLVCR2. Hallmarks of the syndrome are glomerular vasculopathy in the central nervous system, severe hydrocephaly, hypokinesia and arthrogryphosis. The disorder is considered prenatally lethal. We report the first patients, a brother and a sister, with Fowler syndrome and survival beyond infancy. The patients present a phenotype of severe intellectual and neurologic disability with seizures, absence of functional movements, and no means of communication. Imaging of the brain showed calcifications, profound ventriculomegaly with only a thin edging of the cerebral cortex and hypoplastic cerebellum. Investigation with whole-exome sequencing (WES) revealed, in both patients, a homozygous pathogenic mutation in FLVCR2, c.1289C>T, compatible with a diagnosis of Fowler syndrome. The results highlight the power of combining WES with a thorough clinical examination in order to identify disease-causing mutations in patients whose clinical presentation differs from previously described cases. Specifically, the findings demonstrate that Fowler syndrome is a diagnosis to consider, not only prenatally but also in severely affected children with gross ventriculomegaly on brain imaging.
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PMID:Mutations in FLVCR2 associated with Fowler syndrome and survival beyond infancy. 2567 35