Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0036572 (seizures)
 80,221 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The hemostasis function was studied in 33 patients with epileptical seizures of a different etiology. The studies were conducted at the moment of the epileptical seizure or epileptical status and in the interattack period during hyperventilation. The concentration of products of blood fibrinogen degradation, the degree of platelet agregation, their number and prothrombine index were estimated. The data obtained were compared with those of normals. The results of the studies indicate the existence of the syndrome of intravascular coagulation during an epileptical seizure and epileptical status.
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PMID:[Hemostasis in epileptic seizures and status epilepticus]. 47 15

42 dogs with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) were randomized for treatment with either PEG-L-asparaginase 10 IU/kg intramuscularly (n = 22) or L-asparaginase 400 IU/kg intraperitoneally (n = 20). Another 20 dogs were treated with either PEG-L-asparaginase 30 IU/kg (n = 10) or L-asparaginase 400 IU/kg (n = 10). Each treatment protocol consisted of two asparaginase treatments followed by a 10-week period of induction chemotherapy and then maintenance on asparaginase until progression occurred. No significant differences were found between treatments in the response rates after 2 weeks of asparaginase therapy or in the time to relapse, the time to treatment failure or the remission period. The reaction to asparaginase after the initial 2 weeks was a prognostic factor for the total duration of remission under asparaginase maintenance therapy. No side-effects were noted in the dogs treated with PEG-L-asparaginase, whereas 14 (48%) of the L-asparaginase treated dogs had side-effects related to this drug, including anaphylactic shock (9), anorexia or vomiting (4), hypersensitivity-related oedema (3), seizures (1) and acute pancreatitis (1). No abnormalities in clotting times, fibrinogen levels or antithrombin-III levels were found in any of the 62 dogs. PEG-L-asparaginase has the same anti-tumour activity as native L-asparaginase in dogs with NHL, but lacks side-effects.
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PMID:Polyethylene glycol-L-asparaginase versus native L-asparaginase in canine non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. 214 33

Seizures, hypertensive encephalopathy, transient ischemic attacks, and thrombosis of hemodialysis accesses occurred in early clinical trials with recombinant human erythropoietin. To determine if these events may be caused by the increased hematocrit value or some direct effect of the recombinant human hormone, 10 transfusion-dependent hemodialysis patients were divided into two groups of five according to their serum ferritin concentration: group A. less than 800 microgram/liter, and group B. greater than 800 micrograms/liter. After a month of placebo administration, recombinant human erythropoietin was given (150 U/kg intravenously thrice weekly) for four months and then stopped for one month. Hematocrit values were maintained at 0.33 +/- 0.02 (mean +/- SD) by dose adjustment in group A and at 0.26 +/- 0.02 by thrice weekly phlebotomies in group B, who received a constant dose of erythropoietin. Viscosity increased from subnormal to normal in group A (P less than 0.02) and cerebral blood flow decreased from above normal to normal (P less than 0.02). In group B minor, statistically insignificant, changes in viscosity and reciprocal changes in cerebral blood flow also occurred. There was no change in either group in transcutaneous oxygen tension. Bleeding time decreased toward normal in both groups during recombinant human erythropoietin administration but the changes did not reach statistical significance. Fibrinogen levels were increased in all patients but remained unchanged. No other significant coagulation-related changes were observed. Recombinant erythropoietin in the dosage and schedule of administration described in this study did not lead directly or indirectly to changes likely to precipitate seizures or intravascular thrombosis.
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PMID:Effects of recombinant human erythropoietin on cerebral and cutaneous blood flow and on blood coagulability. 226 76

To determine whether the transient opening of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) during epileptic seizures may lead to permanent neuronal changes, seizures of a few minutes' duration were induced by intravenous (i.v.) administration of 0.3 mg/kg bicuculline to conscious rats with indwelling catheters for blood pressure (BP) and blood gas monitoring. The rats were killed 5 min to 7 days later, and the distribution of endogenous plasma albumin, fibrinogen, and fibronectin in the brain was studied by immunohistochemistry. Parallel sections were scrutinized for evidence of light-microscopic structural changes in the tissue. Extensive multifocal extravasation of plasma proteins throughout the brain and brainstem was observed. The original clearly focal distribution became more diffuse with prolongation of the recovery time. In addition, the intensity of the immunoreactivity decreased, most likely due to drainage into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the ventricles and the subarachnoidal space of the extravasated proteins, but some antialbumin-positive material was still visible after 7 days. In areas with extravasation, many nerve cells, especially cerebellar Purkinje cells, became strongly positive for albumin. In some of these areas, neurons appeared to be irreversibly injured. Thus, considerable amounts of plasma proteins are extravasated even during short epileptic seizures, and albumin appear to remain in the tissue for a long time, especially in Purkinje cells. The Purkinje cell loss in chronic epilepsy may be caused partly by cumulative bouts of plasma extravasations.
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PMID:Parenchymal changes related to plasma protein extravasation in experimental seizures. 230 7

Conventional replacement therapy for hypofibrinogenemia and von Willebrand's disease requires multiple donor exposures and a correspondingly high risk of blood-borne infection. We describe the collection and successful use of cryoprecipitate derived from a single donor by plasma exchange donation to support such patients through major hemostatic stresses. The father of an epileptic patient with von Willebrand's disease produced cryoprecipitate containing 23,546 units of von Willebrand factor (vWF) in nine desmopressin-stimulated donations; this provided total factor replacement for neurosurgery to remove a seizure focus. The average yield was 2,616 units per donation and the average VWF concentration in cryoprecipitate was 17.7 units/ml. The husband of a hypofibrinogenemic patient with a history of postpartum hemorrhage provided cryoprecipitate containing 13.4 g of fibrinogen in five donations; this supported his wife through parturition without recourse to other blood products. The average yield was 2.7 g per donation, and the average fibrinogen concentration was 15.3 g/liter. Plasma exchange donation is a practical alternative source for cryoprecipitate. It can provide vWF and fibrinogen that carry a reduced risk of infectious disease transmission.
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PMID:Treatment of von Willebrand's disease and hypofibrinogenemia with single donor cryoprecipitate from plasma exchange donation. 278 56

Ancrod has been used in Europe for over 15 years for peripheral vascular disease, deep vein thrombosis, and central retinal venous thrombosis, and in patients at risk for thromboembolism. In a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study at University Hospitals in Cincinnati, 20 acute cerebral infarction patients received a series of IV infusions of ancrod (ten) or placebo (ten) for seven days. Early fibrinolysis with a small decrease in fibrinogen was observed, and d-dimers were elevated at four hours, indicating early clot lysis. At three months, patients with moderate to severe strokes (less than 40 on the Scandinavian Stroke Scale) in the ancrod group showed average improvement by a factor of 3 over the placebo group. No bleeding, abnormal laboratory results, or deaths occurred, but ancrod was discontinued in one patient who had seizures. As a result of this study, a double-blind multicenter international clinical trial to further assess the safety and effectiveness of ancrod is being planned.
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PMID:Use of ancrod in acute or progressing ischemic cerebral infarction. 305 31

Two patients with well documented systemic lupus erythematosus developed a syndrome resembling thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. Both had severe thrombocytopenia, microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, seizures, and renal dysfunction. Prothrombin time, partial thromboplastin time, thrombin time, and fibrinogen levels were normal; fibrin degradation products were minimally elevated. Histologic evaluation of renal biopsies in both patients confirmed the impression of intravascular thrombosis. Therapy with corticosteroids, other immunosuppressive drugs and splenectomy (in one case) proved unsuccessful. The infusion of fresh frozen plasma, with or without plasmapheresis, reversed the syndrome. This report indicates that patients with systemic lupus may develop a thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura like syndrome which responds to fresh plasma infusion.
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PMID:Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura syndrome in systemic lupus erythematosus: treatment with plasma infusion. 404 Nov 34

From the analysis of 115 cases of primary generalized epilepsies treated for a mean duration of 43 months with sodium valproate as sole therapy, it appears that: the mean effective daily dosage is 21 mg/kg; the efficacy of valproate proved excellent in 82.6% of cases (seizures fully controlled: 74%, seizures occurring exceptionally: 9%); a loss of activity was never observed; in these circumstances of prolonged administration of the drug, no signs of major intolerance were seen; side-effects occurred in 29% of cases, including 20% long-term effects (weight gain, essential tremor); 64 series of laboratory tests including 15 parameters made it possible to evaluate the hematological, hepatic and pancreatic tolerance of valproate: the majority of the tests were normal. The authors believe that during long-term therapy with valproate, monitoring does not need to include the routine performance of liver function tests, but that it would be more advisable, should a suggestive clinical sign be noted, to investigate the platelet count, coagulation (partial activated thromboplastin time) and protein synthesis (fibrinogen).
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PMID:[Monotherapy with sodium valproate in generalized primary epilepsy. 2d phase: Study of long-term efficacy and tolerance]. 619 93

Sudden cerebrovascular insults occurred during or immediately following remission induction therapy in 4 children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. In 3, cerebral infarction was due to thrombosis. In the fourth, an intracerebral hematoma developed representing either frank hemorrhaging or a hemorrhagic infarction. None of the patients had central nervous system leukemia or extreme leukocytosis at the time of diagnosis. Symptoms were obtundation, hemiparesis, seizures, and headache. The induction chemotherapy included L-asparaginase which causes deficiencies of antithrombin, plasminogen, fibrinogen, and factors IX and XI. These hemostatic abnormalities may explain the thromboses and bleeding observed in these children.
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PMID:Thrombotic and hemorrhagic strokes complicating early therapy for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. 693 53

L-Asparaginase therapy for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia causes deficiencies of plasma hemostatic proteins, especially antithrombin, plasminogen, and fibrinogen. Severe thromboses and hemorrhages occurred in 18 children receiving vincristine, prednisone, and asparaginase therapy for ALL. Thirteen children had intracranial thrombosis or hemorrhage, four had extremity thrombosis, and one had both an intracranial hemorrhage and an extremity thrombosis. These events occur characteristically in the third and fourth weeks of therapy during or just after a three-week course of L-asparaginase. Symptoms of headache, obtundation, hemiparesis, and seizure were common for the intracranial events: local pain, swelling, and discoloration were common for the extremity thromboses. These complications have been recognized in 1 to 2% of children undergoing induction therapy which includes asparaginase.
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PMID:A syndrome of thrombosis and hemorrhage complicating L-asparaginase therapy for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. 695 21


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