Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0036474 (scurvy)
 685 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Idiopathic necrosis of the femoral head, with progressive articular destruction, is a well-recognised disorder in the South African Negro. Twenty-nine cases were studied in detail. In 17 there was evidence of associated iron overload, but it is unlikely that this contributed directly to the occurence of osteonecrosis. The syndrome of siderosis, scurvy and osteoporosis in Johannesburg Blacks is attributed to the ingestion of large quantities of iron in home-brewed beer. Often the beer is mixed with much more potent liquor and it is postulated that this, rather than the iron overload, is the cause of 'idiopathic' femoral head necrosis.
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PMID:Rheumatic disorders in the South African Negro. Part III. Idiopathic necrosis of the femoral head. 118 46

South African Bantu patients with a scurvy-type skin, which developed after a prolonged, iron-induced hemosiderosis, were studied with ascorbic acid-1-C14 and the 2 gm tryptophan load test. The metabolism of the two compounds was found to be abnormal in these patients. The data suggested that ascorbic acid was rapidly (iron accelerated) metabolized to monodehydroascorbate, a compound that rapidly reacts with tissue DPNH to form DPN. This mechanism could reduce tissue levels of DPNH such that the feed-back control of tryptophan pyrolase enzyme was depressed. The change in control level of the pyrrolase enzyme permitted large quantities of tryptophan to be converted into the kynurenine pathway products, and a smaller quantity for the serotonin pathway. This mechanism could contribute to the abnormal tryptophan metabolism found in chronic pellagrins with dementia.
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PMID:Influence of iron and ascorbic acid on tryptophan metabolism in man. 124 88

In 12 patients affected by thalassemia major who received an intensive transfusion regimen combined with continuous iron chelation therapy (desferrioxamine 50-80 mg/kg daily), radiologic abnormalities of the long bones were observed similar to those observed in rickets and scurvy. These abnormalities were associated with a growth retardation. The pathogenesis of these lesions is uncertain, but probably the toxic effect of desferrioxamine plays an important role in their development. A relative deficiency of vitamins D and/or C cannot be entirely excluded.
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PMID:Growth plate injury of the long bones in treated beta-thalassemia. 154 35

We present a case of a child with iron-deficiency anemia, folic acid deficiency, and scurvy. His anemia proved refractory to treatment with iron until he received both folic acid and vitamin C supplementation. This case illustrates the importance of the evaluation of ascorbic acid and folate status in treating iron-deficiency anemia initially refractory to iron supplementation, because multiple nutrient deficiencies may coexist.
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PMID:Treatment of iron-deficiency anemia complicated by scurvy and folic acid deficiency. 163 Jul 18

While evolution by natural selection has long been a foundation for biomedical science, it has recently gained new power to explain many aspects of disease. This progress results largely from the disciplined application of what has been called the adaptations program. We show that this increasingly significant research paradigm can predict otherwise unsuspected facets of human biology, and that it provides new insights into the causes of medical disorders, such as those discussed below: 1. Infection. Signs and symptoms of the host-parasite contest can be categorized according to whether they represent adaptations or costs for host or parasite. Some host adaptations may have contributed to fitness in the Stone Age but are obsolete today. Others, such as fever and iron sequestration, have been incorrectly considered harmful. Pathogens, with their large populations and many generations in a single host, can evolve very rapidly. Acquisition of resistance to antibiotics is one example. Another is the recently demonstrated tendency to change virulence levels in predictable ways in response to changed conditions imposed incidentally by human activities. 2. Injuries and toxins. Mechanical injuries or stressful wear and tear are conceptually simpler than infectious diseases because they are not contests between conflicting interests. Plant-herbivore contests may often underlie chemical injury from the defensive secondary compounds of plant tissues. Nausea in pregnancy, and allergy, may be adaptations against such toxins. 3. Genetic factors. Common genetic diseases often result from genes maintained by other beneficial effects in historically normal environments. The diseases of aging are especially likely to be associated with early benefits. 4. Abnormal environments. Human biology is designed for Stone Age conditions. Modern environments may cause many diseases-for example, deficiency syndromes such as scurvy and rickets, the effects of excess consumption of normally scarce nutrients such as fat and salt, developmental diseases such as myopia, and psychological reactions to novel environments. The substantial benefits of evolutionary studies of disease will be realized only if they become central to medical curricula, an advance that may at first require the establishment of one or more research centers dedicated to the further development of Darwinian medicine.
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PMID:The dawn of Darwinian medicine. 205 70

For many decades there has been adequate information for the elimination of acute dietary deficiency diseases. Scurvy, beri-beri, and pellagra, once serious scourges, are now seen only rarely. The severe forms of protein-energy malnutrition, kwashiorkor and marasmus, have also decreased greatly. Nonetheless, mild to moderate forms of protein-energy deficiency, exacerbated by infection, continue to impair growth and development in a majority of the low-income pre-school age populations of most developing countries. Deficiencies of iron, iodine, and vitamin A are still widespread in developing countries. Fortunately, the success of the WHO/UNICEF "Child Survival and Development Revolution" in persuading most developing countries to introduce expanded programs of immunization, growth monitoring, and appropriate feeding of young children, control of diarrheal disease, and specific campaigns against avitaminosis A, iodine deficiency disorders, and the functional consequences of iron deficiency, will accelerate the decline of acute deficiency diseases in the developing world. Diets are changing among the more affluent in these countries, however, and it is time for them to stress dietary goals for the health of rich and poor alike. For the first time there is enough information regarding dietary risk factors for chronic disease to provide an opportunity in the 1990s to accelerate the dietary changes that have already brought significant health benefits to some populations in North America and Europe. The changes, which include a lower dietary intake of fat, particularly saturated fat, less salt, and more green and yellow vegetable and whole grain cereals, can be expected to influence favorably morbidity from cardiovascular diseases and some kinds of cancer. For maximum benefit, these measures need to be combined with the avoidance of obesity, reasonable physical activity, abstention from, or moderate use of, alcohol, and avoidance of tobacco in any form. Since there is already considerable momentum toward these changes in North America and some European countries, the 1990s are likely to see substantial further progress in the reduction of chronic diseases known to be influenced by diet.
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PMID:Nutrition: prospects for the 1990s. 219 71

Health is often seen in strip cartoons (SCs). However, its images convey their own properties. SCs are distributed globally. They are produced in Algiers, Dakar, and Bangui. The SC generally goes from humor to adventure stories. Health enters SCs in 3 ways: 1) the portrayal of life styles; 2) health as a suspenseful element; and 3) medical adventures emphasizing a doctor. Adventure stories with doctors for heroes are common. WHO is the basis for many SCs. Humor and adventure are the 2 basic themes in SCs; they are not mutually exclusive. 1 way that SCs portray health is the "stretched-out time of soap opera." These are stories of poor, talented doctors and devoted nurses. The SC is a graphic expression of world concerns. Healthy or unhealthy life styles may be seen in SCs. Food, tobacco, and alcohol are just parts of a story. Positive heroes are never alcoholics, because alcoholism is a potential vice. Habitual drinkers are usually secondary characters. Early in the 20th century, tobacco played a big role in developing SCs in Mexico. Breaking society's rules for a healthy life style leads to all kinds of consequences in SCs. There was no educational intent to having Popeye eat spinach. Spinach contains iron and is associated with strength. Scurvy is an enemy of many sailors, and this shows up in SCs on disease. It alternates with cholera as an element of adventure in sea stories. An imaginative story devoted to health education shows a medical and social confrontation with naval captains who are not too bright. SCs are neither good nor bad in themselves.
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PMID:Health in strip cartoons. 220 36

Recently, a new type of skeletal lesions has been described in Cooley's anemia as a possible complication secondary to therapy. In 12 children affected with thalassemia major, who received an intensive transfusional regimen combined with continuous iron chelation therapy (desferoxamine-B: 50-80 mg/kg/day), some radiological abnormalities of the long bones were observed similar to those described in rickets and scurvy. These rickets and/or scurvy-like lesions had never been reported before the introduction of high-dose desferoxamine therapy. The pathogenesis of these lesions is uncertain, but the toxic effect of desferoxamine probably plays an important role in their development. The association of growth retardation and rickets and/or scurvy-like skeletal lesions in Cooley's anemia patients may be used as a valuable clinical criterion in long-term chelation management.
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PMID:[Rickets- and/or scurvy-like bone lesions in beta-thalassemia major]. 228 Nov 61

1. Guinea-pig dams were fed on purified diets containing high (5 g/kg diet plus 1 g/l drinking water) or moderate (0.5 g/kg diet) levels of ascorbic acid, in combination with high (1 g/kg diet) or moderate (0.043 g/kg diet) levels of iron, during pregnancy and suckling. Their offsprings' diets contained 0.1 g ascorbic acid/kg and 0.04 g Fe/kg. 2. High ascorbic acid intake clearly enhanced both tissue ascorbate and Fe storage in the dams, and high Fe intake increased both the dams' and the pups' tissue Fe stores. 3. In the animals receiving high Fe intake, a co-existing high ascorbate intake by the dams reduced the growth rate of the offspring, but only during the early stages of development, not during the later stages of post-weaning growth. All the pups' tissue ascorbate levels fell after weaning, but those born of the dams receiving the high ascorbic acid diets did not fall to levels lower than those of the other pups. 4. Thus, although certain disadvantages to the offspring resulting from very-high ascorbic acid intake by pregnant guinea-pig dams were detected, these did not include permanently increased ascorbate requirements, and hence a progression to scurvy as the pups grew and matured.
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PMID:Growth, ascorbic acid and iron contents of tissues of young guinea-pigs whose dams received high or low levels of dietary ascorbic acid or Fe during pregnancy and suckling. 321 20

Vitamin C is unevenly distributed throughout all body cells and fluids. A total-body pool of 900 mg (5.11 mmol) in an adult male meets the following criteria of a satisfactory vitamin C status: it is threefold higher than one that prevents scurvy, no known health advantages accrue at higher pool sizes, absorption efficiency is high and urinary loss low at appropriate intakes, and a 1-mo reserve allows for periods of low intake or stress. To maintain a suitable body pool in healthy 76-kg men and 62-kg women requires daily intakes (RDI) of 40 mg (227 mumol) and 30 mg (170 mumol), respectively. Reasons for not increasing RDI values to enhance iron absorption and to prevent nitrosamine formation are given. The specific association of normal intakes of dietary vitamin C with cancer is very weak and not quantifiable. Advisable intakes for children, pregnant and lactating women, and the elderly are considered. The present recommendations are in better accord with current information than are the 1980 RDA values.
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PMID:Recommended dietary intakes (RDI) of vitamin C in humans. 356 96


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