Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0036341 (schizophrenia)
 60,220 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Bromperidol therapeutic efficacy, and tolerance was studied by means of a 3-month open trial on 25 chronic psychotic female inpatients from a room at San Juan ward for medium to extensive length of stay, The Braulio A. Moyano National Psychiatric Hospital, Buenos Aires. This drug was administered orally on a single 10- to 35 mg night dose. No effect whatsoever was observed on periodic catatonia. However, its being well-tolerated and effective on chronic psychotic patients, coupled to the "bonus" of a single daily dose, turns BP into a suitable alternative drug for Haloperidol when dealing with schizophrenia, and delusions with no deficitary evolution.
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PMID:[Clinical experience with bromperidol in chronic psychoses]. 307 Oct 92

The authors compared clinical characteristics of 36 late-onset schizophrenic patients from four centers (hospitals in San Diego, Baltimore, Los Angeles, and Montreal). There was a preponderance of the paranoid type with bizarre delusions and auditory hallucinations, chronic course of illness, and response to relatively low doses of neuroleptics. A comparison of late-onset and younger schizophrenic patients revealed both similarities and differences between the two groups. The authors reviewed the relevant literature and discussed the implications for assessing the validity of the concept of late-onset schizophrenia. They believe that, although less common, late-onset schizophrenia is probably as valid an entity (or group of entities) as schizophrenia with onset before age 45.
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PMID:Late-onset schizophrenia. Studying clinical validity. 338 Jul 54

Symptom frequency and severity were compared in two sequential clinically referred samples of 95 children and 92 adolescents, aged 6 to 18 years, all medically healthy, assessed with the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School Age Children, Present Episode, who met unmodified Research Diagnostic Criteria for major depressive disorder (MDD). There were no significant differences between the two groups in the majority of depressive symptoms. However, prepubertal children had greater depressed appearance, somatic complaints, psychomotor agitation, separation anxiety, phobias, and hallucinations, whereas adolescents had greater anhedonia, hopelessness, hypersomnia, weight change, use of alcohol and illicit drugs, and lethality of suicide attempt, but not severity of suicidal ideation or intent. Adolescents with a duration of the depressive episode of two years or greater had significantly higher rates of suicidal ideation and intent, lethality, and number of suicide attempts than youngsters with depressive episodes of shorter duration. A principal components factor analysis of psychiatric symptoms was carried out in all 296 youngsters evaluated during the same period who met DSM-III criteria for any Axis I diagnosis. The majority had an affective disorder. Factors were quite similar for both adolescents and children and included an "endogenous" and an "anxious" factor, as in many studies of adult depression. In addition, three other factors were found: negative cognitions, appetite and weight changes, and a conduct factor. Suicidal ideation was a component of both the negative cognitions factor and the conduct factor.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:The clinical picture of major depression in children and adolescents. 366 42

The reliability of assessment of Research Diagnostic Criteria and DSM-III axis I affective disorders in children and adolescents was studied using a semistructured diagnostic interview. The Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia (SADS) for School-Age Children (Kiddie SADS) Present Episode Version, an adaptation of the adult SADS for children was used. Fifty-two subjects, aged 6 through 17 years, were interviewed in a test-retest format by one of three pairs of interviewers. Assessment of symptoms and composite scales of the depressive syndrome were determined to have acceptable reliability, as were three depressive diagnoses. Conduct disorder was assessed with high reliability. Four anxiety disorders and their composite symptoms were assessed with unacceptable reliability; only separation anxiety was assessed with acceptable reliability. The results of this study showed generally lower reliability of symptoms, scales, and diagnoses than did two studies of adults using the SADS.
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PMID:The assessment of affective disorders in children and adolescents by semistructured interview. Test-retest reliability of the schedule for affective disorders and schizophrenia for school-age children, present episode version. 401 11

Numerous studies have examined the effects of burn size and depth, age, concomitant injury, and illness upon burn patient mortality and duration of stay in hospital, and other studies have stressed the importance of psychosocial factors in the causation of burns. However, scant attention has been given to the effects of psychosocial factors on burn mortality and length of stay in hospital. Data on psychiatric diagnoses, substance abuse, and factors in severity of injury were abstracted from the charts of patients admitted to the San Diego Regional Burn Treatment Center. Mortality data were analysed using logistic regression. After adjusting for severity of the burn injury, statistically significant increases in mortality are associated with the diagnosis of character or personality disorder, schizophrenia, alcohol intoxication at the time of injury, and a variable indication a psychiatric diagnosis or severe undiagnosed problems. Comments on individual charts suggest that overtly self-destructive behaviour during treatment caused the increased mortality. Data on duration of stay in hospital among survivors were analysed using multiple linear regression. After adjusting for severity of injury, significantly longer stays are associated with suicidal intention, diagnosis of character or personality disorder, schizophrenia, senility and a variable indicating a psychiatric diagnosis or severe undiagnosed problems. Overtly self-destructive behaviour, treatment of psychiatric problems, and the inability of some patients to care for themselves may each contribute to the longer stay in hospital.
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PMID:Behavioural factors in burn mortality and length of stay in hospital. 647 86

The history of psychotic symptomatology was reviewed in 220 consecutive male patients admitted to the San Diego Veterans Administration Center. Transient hallucinations and/or delusions were noted for 43% of the sample. A comparison of background variables in patients with and without histories of psychoses revealed that such symptoms are associated with less early life stability, higher levels of adult antisocial behavior, and a significant increase in use of most illegal drugs. The data indicated no association between a history of psychotic symptoms and a personal or familial history of schizophrenia.
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PMID:The history of psychotic symptoms in alcoholics. 705 4

To characterize violent behavior in hospitalized medical and surgical patients, we reviewed documented violent incidents at the San Francisco General Hospital during a two-year period. Twenty-nine incidents of verbal and physical violence occurred. One patient was gravely ill and three were delirious. All the incidents were associated with increased levels of tension and loss of impulse control. In most cases, contention with the staff regarding pain medication or ward regulations was a precipitating event. Of the 28 patients with mental disorders, 19 were substance abusers, six had organic brain syndrome, tw had neurosis, and one had schizophrenia. The findings suggest that physicians should be more sensitive to patient characteristics and to the situational characteristics of the violent incident. Explicit measures that anticipate and reduce violent behavior are reviewed.
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PMID:Violent Behavior among hospitalized medical and surgical patients. 705 53

Suicide occurred in 48 of 12,500 adult private psychiatric patients, representing 40,100 years of follow-up. Suicide rates (per 100,000 patients per year), computed from the diagnostic profile of all patients in the practice, were especially high for schizophrenia (411) and bipolar affective disorder (318). The rate of unipolar depression (42) was only slightly higher than that for the general population of San Diego County as computed from coroner's office data. Personality disorder, alcoholism, multiple diagnoses, and psychosis all were associated with increased risk of suicide. Coroner's office reports probably do not accurately reflect suicide risk in treated psychiatric patients.
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PMID:Suicide in a psychiatric practice population. 711 42

The extent and consequences of medical comorbidity in patients with schizophrenia are generally underrecognized. Patients with comorbid conditions are usually excluded from research studies, although they probably represent the majority of individuals with schizophrenia. Elderly patients are especially likely to have comorbid disorders. In this article, we review selected literature on medical comorbidity in schizophrenia, including physical illnesses, substance use, cognitive impairment, sensory deficits, and iatrogenic comorbidity. Data from the University of California, San Diego Clinical Research Center on late-life psychosis are also presented. Older schizophrenia patients report fewer comorbid physical illnesses than healthy comparison subjects, but their illnesses tend to be more severe. These results suggest that schizophrenia patients may receive less than adequate health care. Substance abuse is more common in patients with schizophrenia than in the general population and may exacerbate psychiatric symptoms in these patients. Although generalized cognitive impairment is associated with schizophrenia, the main contributors to dementia in older patients are more likely to be comorbid neurological and other physical disorders, substance abuse, and medication side effects. Iatrogenic comorbidity results primarily from the use of neuroleptic (e.g., tardive dyskinesia) and anticholinergic (e.g., confusion) medications. Clinical and research recommendations are made for management of comorbidity in schizophrenia.
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PMID:Medical comorbidity in schizophrenia. 887 93

Velo-cardio-facial syndrome (VCFS) is a congenital anomaly characterized by multiple dysmorphisms, cleft palate, cardiac anomalies, and learning disabilities, that results from a microdeletion of chromosome 22q11. An increased prevalence of psychiatric illness has been observed, with both schizophrenia and bipolar disorder commonly being diagnosed. For these reasons, the VCFS region is an interesting candidate region for bipolar disorder. We examined this region in 17 bipolar families from three populations: 13 families from the general North American population (University of California, San Diego/University of British Columbia, UCSD/UBC), three larger families from New York, and a portion of Old Order Amish pedigree 110. Three microsatellite markers spanning 13 cM around the VCFS region were genotyped in all the families. A maximum lod score of 2.51 was obtained in the UCSD/UBC families under a dominant model at D22S303. In the combined family set, maximum lod scores of 1.68 and 1.28 were obtained at this marker under dominant and recessive models, respectively. Four additional markers were subsequently typed in selected positive families, and yielded positive lods at 6 of 7 markers spanning 18 cM in this region. Nonparametric, multipoint analyses using the affected pedigree member (APM) method also yielded suggestive evidence for linkage in both the UCSD/UBC family set (P = 0.0024) and in the combined families (P = 0.017). Affected sibpair analyses were similarly positive in the UCSD/UBC families (P = 0.017), and in the combined families (P = 0.004). These results are suggestive of a possible locus for bipolar disorder near the VCFS region on chromosome 22.
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PMID:Linkage studies suggest a possible locus for bipolar disorder near the velo-cardio-facial syndrome region on chromosome 22. 912 9


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