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Query: UMLS:C0036341 (schizophrenia)
 60,220 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 19-year-old female was admitted to hospital due to a schizophrenia-like psychosis of the paranoid type including delusions and various hallucinations. Neurologically she only showed tics of the eyebrows with increased eye blinking. 30 months before an astrocytoma located on the left basal temporal lobe had been resected after the patient suffered from several psychomotor and two grand mal seizures. Following post-operative anticonvulsant therapy seizures had completely disappeared and the patient had been free of symptoms of any kind. After the acute onset of the psychosis another follow-up MRI of the brain using coronary sections revealed a small relapse-tumor. Symptoms disappeared after high-dose neuroleptic therapy. Finally another surgical intervention led to a lasting remission of the psychotic symptomatology (so far 18 months). Postoperatively neuroleptics could be discontinued. Clinical picture and MRI findings will be discussed with a focus on possible etiological factors in schizophrenia.
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PMID:[Remission of schizophreniform psychosis after brain tumor surgery]. 141 83

Several researchers have investigated the relationships between computed tomographic and electroencephalographic abnormalities in schizophrenics. In this present investigation, 28 medicated schizophrenic patients fulfilling the DSM-III-R criteria for schizophrenia and 21 normal volunteers were studied by means of MRI and EEG examinations. All subjects had given informed consent to the investigation. The schizophrenic patients (14 males, 14 females) were aged from 21 to 39 with a mean age of 30.2. The control group consisted of age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers (11 males, 11 females) with no history of neurological disease or head trauma. All the subjects were right-handed as determined by the Edinburgh Inventory. Schizophrenic and control subjects underwent MRI scan and EEG within two weeks. Three trained psychiatrists evaluated patients for BPRS and SANS and the score each item was the median of the three raters. MRI scans were performed by a Asahi Super 200 scanner operating at a 2.0 Tesla magnetic field. A midsagittal scan (8 mm thickness, Spin Echo 500/26) was taken. Subsequently, 15 axial and coronal slices of 5 mm interslice with 2 mm gap were obtained using an Inversion-Recovery sequence (TR: 3000, TI: 800, TE: 14). For measurement purposes, the three MRI scans (Fig-1) were recorded on transparent film, and the boundaries of the cerebral structures were taken traced from the film onto a digitizing tablet. The EEGs were recorded from 16 scalp electrodes of the standard 10/20 system referenced to linked ear electrodes at rest and digitized by a topographic system (Neuromap system MCE-5100, QCE-510B, Nihon Kohden). To calculate EEG power, the frequency spectrum was divided into six EEG frequency bands by 0.25 Hz bands. Each power value was taken from the average percentage of total power and then log-transformed. Schizophrenic patients showed a significantly larger VBR on the axial and coronal planes than control subjects. The areas of the bilateral anterior horns, left body, left posterior horn of the lateral ventricle and the third ventricle were significantly larger in schizophrenic patients than in control subjects. The area of middle half of the corpus callosum in schizophrenic patients was smaller than in control subjects. Schizophrenic patients showed more delta and theta activities in the centro-parieto-occipital regions than control subjects. Schizophrenic patients also showed more beta 1 and beta 2 activities in front-central regions than control subjects. On the other hand, schizophrenic patients showed a markedly decrease in alpha 2 activity in all regions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:[Studies of the correlations between morphological brain changes on MRI and computerized EEG changes in schizophrenics]. 152 74

There is active research applying MRI to the study of brain anatomy in schizophrenia. As the technology improves and measurements are refined, this method, in combination with behavioral measures, is likely to contribute to the understanding of brain function in schizophrenia. The heterogeneity of schizophrenia challenges investigators to integrate anatomic and behavioral parameters with physiology. MRI techniques have already been applied to obtain quantitative imaging of cerebral blood flow and holds promise for combined MRI and neurobehavioral studies.
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PMID:MRI and cognitive behavioral function in schizophrenia. 152 15

The sylvian fissure is known to be one of the most asymmetric structures of the human brain. Sylvian fissure length was measured in post-mortem brains of 35 schizophrenic patients and 33 matched non psychiatric control subjects. The schizophrenics showed a significantly reduced length of the left sylvian fissure (-16%, p less than 0.0001) compared to the control subjects, while the right sylvian fissure length was unchanged. Sylvian fissure asymmetry (left/right ratio) was more reduced in male schizophrenics (-24%, p less than 0.001) than in female patients (-16%, p less than 0.03). This finding is consistent with several post-mortem and MRI studies showing left temporal lobe pathology in a significant proportion of patients and may indicate that schizophrenia is a disorder of early neurodevelopment causing impaired cerebral lateralization.
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PMID:Loss of sylvian fissure asymmetry in schizophrenia. A quantitative post mortem study. 159 Nov 94

In many neuropsychiatric disorders, PET imaging offers functional insights unavailable from anatomic imaging alone. Functional deficits may be more extensive than structural findings would indicate, may occur before the detection of anatomic changes, or may even occur in the absence of any structural lesions. We contrast the current role of PET with that of MRI and CT in the investigation of neuropsychiatric disorders including stroke, tumor, head trauma, epilepsy, schizophrenia, movement disorders, normal aging and dementia.
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PMID:Positron emission tomography in the investigation of neuropsychiatric disorders: update and comparison with magnetic resonance imaging and computerized tomography. 174 81

A review of brain imaging (PET and MRI) studies on schizophrenia and recent data from neuroanatomy, neurophysiology, neuropathology, neurochemistry, neuropsychology, and cortical organization theory is integrated with the concept of local circuit neurons (LCNs) in a new hypothesis--the local circuit neurons hypo(dys)function hypothesis of schizophrenia--that attempts to explain the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of schizophrenia through a hypofunction (or dysfunction) of the local circuit neurons in prefrontal and limbic-temporal areas. This hypofunction (dysfunction) is then related to the neurocircuitry, neuropsychology, and psychopathology of schizophrenia.
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PMID:Positron emission tomography and magnetic resonance imaging: a review and a local circuit neurons hypo(dys)function hypothesis of schizophrenia. 174 36

The inhibitory effects of prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) on the platelet aggregation response (PAR) to adenosine diphosphate (ADP) in 103 schizophrenics, 55 patients with other mental disorders, and 71 controls were examined. The three groups did not differ in PAR to ADP. However, schizophrenic patients, especially in the acute state, showed a significant reduction in the inhibitory effects of PGE1 on PAR compared to the other two groups. These results suggest PGE1 hyposensitivity exists in some schizophrenic patients, which may result from PGE1 deficiency. As clinical characteristics of the subgroup showing platelet PGE1 subsensitivity, relatively successful heterosexual relations, less anergia, and a more severe activation factor on BPRS were identified. Furthermore, the relationship between platelet sensitivity to PGE1 and brain morphology, using magnetic resonance imaging on 39 male schizophrenics was examined. Of 11 parameters obtained from MRI measurements, only callosum: brain ratio showed a significant negative correlation with a platelet sensitivity to PGE1. The current study suggested existence of a subgroup of schizophrenia having platelet hyposensitivity and a definite clinical feature as state markers and small corpus callosum as a trait marker.
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PMID:Prostaglandin E1 suppression of platelet aggregation response in schizophrenia. 185 78

A 39-year-old man developed disturbance of consciousness with hyponatremia during the treatment of schizophrenia in another hospital. He became alert after the correction of hyponatremia. But his consciousness deteriorated one day later in spite of normal serum sodium level, then he was referred to our hospital. The disturbance of consciousness, quadriparesis and rigidity were persisted even 4 months later. MRI (T2WI) showed well defined high intensity areas along the deep layer of the cerebral cortex and in the bilateral basal ganglia. But there were no lesions in the pons on MRI. Therefore, the diagnosis was made as extra-pontine myelinolysis (EPM) without apparent central pontine myelinolysis (CPM) according to the MRI findings. Recently, the EPM without CPM has been reported in 3 patients. Two cases were examined pathologically, findings of which were characterized by Morel's laminar necrosis at the deep layer of the cerebral cortex. But there is no report in the literature describing the detection of Morel's laminar necrosis on antemortem MRI. It seemed that the MRI findings of our case indicated Morel's laminar necrosis. Our case is suggestive in relation to the pathogenesis of EPM and CPM.
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PMID:[Morel's laminar necrosis like findings on MRI in a case of extra-pontine myelinolysis]. 189 77

Sixteen unmedicated (14 never-medicated, 2 with washout periods of 1-2 weeks) schizophrenic patients displaying positive symptoms (e.g., formal thought disorder, hallucinations, delusions) without negative symptoms (e.g., flattening of affect, loss of energy, anhedonia--type I patients), 15 unmedicated (with washout periods from 1 week to 2 years) patients with marked negative symptomatology [type II patients; criterion score below 15/above 35 on the Munich version of the Scale of Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS), respectively], and 31 matched normal controls were investigated using regional cerebral blood flow [rCBF; dynamic single-photon emission computerized tomography (SPECT) with Xenon-133 as tracer] and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI; spin-echo technique, T1 weighted, midsagittal cuts). rCBF measurements were performed during both resting conditions and simple motor activation. Separately, on the same day, we performed a planimetric evaluation of the callosal-brain ratio in all subjects using MRI. In accordance with previous results on a smaller sample, we found signs of diffuse bilateral rCBF hyperactivation in type I patients, as compared with signs of nonreactivity in type II schizophrenics. Both activation patterns were different from a strictly contralateral sensorimotor rCBF activation seen in normal persons (only 8 studied with SPECT). The planimetry of relative callosal area did not reveal differences compared to normal persons, when type I/II patients were taken together. However, the threefold increased variance as compared with that found in normal persons suggested biological heterogeneity in patients. We found an increase of relative callosal size in type I as compared with type II patients. In the light of some recent findings linking lack of laterality of several brain functions to increased callosal size, we propose lack of laterality/diffuse hyperactivation and increased callosal size to be connected with positive symptomatology/good prognosis schizophrenia, and vice versa.
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PMID:Brain dysfunction during motor activation and corpus callosum alterations in schizophrenia measured by cerebral blood flow and magnetic resonance imaging. 190 62

Thirty-one patients with schizophrenia and 33 normal control subjects underwent MRI. The BPRS was used to rate clinical symptoms and the NART to estimate pre-morbid IQ. All were right handed. The temporal lobe was significantly smaller on the left than the right in both the control and schizophrenic groups. The amygdala was smaller on the left than the right in controls but not in schizophrenics. The parahippocampal gyrus was smaller on the left side in the schizophrenic group but not in controls. In the schizophrenic group, ventricular enlargement and cerebral atrophy were significantly related to severity of symptoms. Patients with marked negative symptoms had a bilateral reduction in the size of the head of caudate and the two measures were significantly correlated. Patients with marked positive symptoms had larger VBRs and again the clinical and morphometric changes were significantly correlated. There were no morphometric differences between patients with short duration (two years or less) and chronic symptoms.
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PMID:A magnetic resonance imaging study of schizophrenia: brain structure and clinical symptoms. 201 5


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