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Query: UMLS:C0036341 (schizophrenia)
 60,220 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A case history is presented of a man who met the diagnostic criteria of Briquet's syndrome after a 7-year history of excessive use of psychiatric and medical health care services. Despite his having been seen by several psychiatrists, the diagnosis was made only following the use of the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia (SADS), a structured psychiatric interview, the results of which were applied to operationalized diagnostic criteria (Research Diagnostic Criteria [RDC]). This case demonstrates: 1) the fact that Briquet's Syndrome, commonly considered a female disorder, can occur in men; 2) the utility of structured interviews and defined diagnostic criteria in arriving at unexpected diagnoses; and 3) the importance of recognizing Briquet's Syndrome in order to avoid needless medical intervention for somatic complaints of psychological origins.
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PMID:Briquet's syndrome in a man. 44 40

Different studies published in the last years have focused on the psychotropic effects of carbamazepine (CBZ). This study tries to investigate the efficacity of CBZ as an adjunct treatment of schizophrenia. 20 patients with a diagnosis of paranoid schizophrenia, according to the RDC, have been investigated by double-blind method. Subjects are divided in two groups (n = 10). The first one is treated with CBZ (with dose in order to reach a plasma level between 8-12 mg /l) and Haloperidol (oral fixed dose: 30 mg /day). The second group only with Haloperidol (same dose). Clinic and psychopathological disturbances are evaluated with the BPRS, and secondary effects with the UKU scale. A clinical improvement (90%, measured by the BPRS) was observed for both groups, without significant differences. Patients treated with CBZ show an important reduction of neurological secondary effects related to neuroleptics (Haloperidol). Carbamazepine appears to be a useful treatment, combined with neuroleptics, for acute schizophrenic episodes.
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PMID:[Carbamazepine: an efficient adjuvant treatment in schizophrenia]. 150 60

A multivariate approach incorporating both biological and psychosocial factors was used in a cross-sectional study of schizophrenic inpatients and outpatients selected to represent opposite ends of the outcome spectrum. Twenty-six RDC-diagnosed chronic schizophrenic patients hospitalized continuously for 18 months or longer, and 26 patients with a history of at least three years of community tenure without rehospitalization were matched for sex, age, ethnicity, SES and chronicity, and assessed on a structured family interview (Social Behavior Assessment Schedule), neuropsychological test battery, Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale and Premorbid Asociality Scale. Stepwise discriminant function analysis was performed; family ratings of patients' problem behaviors was the most powerful discriminator between the two groups and a composite measure of neuropsychological functioning ranked second. Other significant discriminators were BPRS scores, availability of social support to the family and age of onset. Family ratings of patient behavior were related to ratings of family burden and to BPRS scores. Further research is needed to understand the complex interactions between the diverse sets of social, clinical and neurobiological factors that determine long-term outcome in schizophrenia.
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PMID:Contribution of family, cognitive and clinical dimensions to long-term outcome in schizophrenia. 157 18

It has been suggested that atypical psychoses of good prognosis might account for the high rates of schizophrenia in the Afro-Caribbean community in Britain. In this study 39 Afro-Caribbean admitted with RDC schizophrenia were followed up in the community, as were matched white subjects. Psychological and social impairments were similarly severe in both groups, showing that schizophrenia among Afro-Caribbeans in Britain is not marked by a favourable outlook. This finding has major implications both for our understanding of the aetiology of schizophrenia, and for the provision of psychiatric services.
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PMID:Outcome of schizophrenia in the Afro-Caribbean community. 159 72

The aim of the present study was to verify the hypothesis that there are formal thought disorders more specific to schizophrenic disorders. The sample was composed of 82 admitted patients who were chosen for two reasons: presence of schizophrenic symptoms and they fulfilled the RDC criteria for schizophrenic or schizoaffective manic disorders. They were subdivided in three groups according to the RDC and DSM-III-R criteria. The first group were twenty eight patients who fulfilled both criteria to schizophrenic disorders, the second group 28 whose fulfilled the RDC but not DSM-III-R criteria of schizophrenic disorder, and the third group were 26 schizoaffective manics in RDC but with diverse diagnoses in DSM-III-R. A factorial analysis was carried out with oblique rotation and one-way analyses of variance of the factors between the diagnostic groups. It resulted in six factors which explained 70% of the variance and were named: disorganization, negative, stylistic, tangential, manic and semantic factors. The schizophrenic patients and significantly loaded in the negative factor with respect to the other groups, and were significantly loaded in the tangential factor with respect to schizophreniform group. The schizoaffective manics were significantly loaded in manic factor respect to the other groups. Therefore there were symptomatological constellations more specific to schizophrenic disorders. Also, significative correlations were found between the disorganization factor and the SANS attention subscale and a lack of correlations between this factor and the positive symptoms. The existence of a new disorganization syndrome was confirmed, which supplements the positive-negative dichotomous model that has been proposed by some authors.
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PMID:[Formal changes of thought in schizophrenic, schizophreniform, and manic schizoaffective disorders]. 159 18

We review research literature on psychotic (delusional) depression, including demographic, illness pattern, clinical, biological marker and treatment issues. Secondly, we report a study of a consecutive sample of 137 patients meeting criteria for DSM-III melancholia, RDC definite endogenous depression and our "clinical" criteria for endogenous depression, of whom there were 35 "psychotic depressives" (PDs). The PDs were contrasted with the remaining 76 depressives (EDs) and with an age and sex-matched subset (MEDs). The PDs were distinctly older than the EDs at assessment and at initial onset of any affective disorder. Compared to the MEDs, they tended to have longer illnesses, were more likely to be hospitalised (and to have longer stays), to receive (in the past and for the current episode) combination antipsychotic/antidepressant medication and/or ECT, and to have a poorer course over the following year. They were no more likely to have a bipolar pattern, a family history of depressive disorder, schizophrenia or alcoholism, or vegetative depressive features. Developmental psychosocial stressors and antecedent life event stressors were not over-represented. Most of the PDs had delusions, one-fifth reported hallucinations and psychomotor disturbance was marked. Other differential clinical findings were sustained mood disturbance, constipation, and the absence of a diurnal variation in mood and energy.
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PMID:Psychotic depression: a review and clinical experience. 167 37

The frequency and distribution of negative symptoms in a sample of 40 patients admitted to hospital with RDC-definite schizophrenia were examined. There was a highly significant positive correlation between negative symptom scores obtained using three different rating scales, but the presence of negative symptoms was not significantly related to duration of illness or number of episodes of illness. These findings do not support a model of negative symptoms being the consequence of schizophrenic relapse, but are in favour of their being an integral component of the schizophrenic syndrome, as salient in the first as in later episodes.
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PMID:Negative symptoms in chronic schizophrenia. Relationship to duration of illness. 154 Jul 75

Using the 'polydiagnostic approach' method, the relationship between basic symptoms (BS) and Bleulerian and Schneiderian types of schizophrenia is studied. Eighty-six schizophrenic patients (RDC criteria) were studied using the Frankfurt Complaint Questionnaire for the evaluation of the BS. The patients were classified according to the type of symptoms predominant in Schneiderian (n = 32), Bleulerian (n = 12) and mixed (n = 42) schizophrenics. The patients with Schneiderian and mixed schizophrenia displayed more BS than those having Bleulerian schizophrenia. Significant differences (p less than or equal to 0.05) were found on the subscales of Perception (simple), Language, Memory, Motoric and Loss of automatism, in factors 1, 2 and 4, and in the total score. The results suggest that, from the perspective of the BS, Schneiderian schizophrenia is different from Bleulerian and that the BS may have the same production mechanisms as Schneider's FRS, the difference between them being in the different degree of phenomenological expression.
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PMID:Schneiderian versus Bleulerian schizophrenia and basic symptoms. 175 45

The authors interviewed 32 patients (25 with an RDC diagnosis of schizophrenia and seven with schizoaffective disorder) consecutively admitted to a psychiatric outpatient clinic. Ten patients had a history of photophilic behaviour with sun-gazing, while 20 patients showed no unusual behaviour related to light. Two patients who had depressive symptoms at the time of interview had a history of photophobic behaviour. Sixteen patients and 12 controls were tested for their threshold for discomfort of high intensity light; the thresholds were significantly higher in the patients with schizophrenia (especially in those with history of sun gazing). The implications of these findings for clinical practice and research are discussed.
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PMID:Photophilic and photophobic behaviour in patients with schizophrenia and depression. 177 4

200 first admissions with functional psychoses were interviewed with PSE and rated simultaneously according to different diagnostic criteria (ICD-9, RDC, DSM-III, St. Louis, Taylor, Vienna Research Criteria). At follow-up 7 years later 186 patients could be traced and a course diagnosis was applied to each patient. Temporal stability of diagnostic criteria was calculated for ICD-9, RDC and DSM-III by stability coefficient and kappa values and was used as a criterion for validity. Schizophrenia and affective disorder display considerable stability over time, no matter whether one uses ICD-9, RDC or DSM-III. The data for schizoaffective disorder are less impressive, the stability coefficient is much higher for schizoaffective bipolar than for schizoaffective depressive patients.
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PMID:Temporal stability of diagnostic criteria for functional psychoses. Results from the Vienna follow-up study. 178 9


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