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Query: UMLS:C0036341 (schizophrenia)
 60,220 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Concordance rates between clinical and DIS-generated diagnoses were compared using data sets from Fukuoka University in Japan and Neuropsychiatric Hospital at the UCLA. An overall concordance rate of 35% between standard clinical diagnosis and DIS-Lifetime diagnosis was discovered in both samples. Next, concordance rates were analyzed by diagnostic category, and differential concordance rates among major diagnostic categories were found in both samples. The highest concordance rates were found in anxiety disorders and major depression. The lowest concordance rates were found in dysthymic disorder and schizophrenia. The Fukuoka sample contained more patients with anxiety disorders and major depression, while the UCLA sample has more patients diagnosed as dysthymic disorder and adjustment disorder. Future directions in cross-cultural psychiatric research are also suggested.
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PMID:Concordance rate between clinical and DIS diagnoses: a cross-cultural comparison. 180 Aug 5

The authors determined the six-month and lifetime prevalence of psychiatric disorders among 100 consecutively admitted female offenders to a prison, using Diagnostic Interview Schedule (DIS Version III) and found high prevalence rates of schizophrenia, major depression, substance use disorders, psychosexual dysfunction, and antisocial personality disorders. The prevalence rates of these disorders were significantly higher than those of the general population. The authors note the implications of their findings for treatment of women within the correctional system.
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PMID:Lifetime and six-month prevalence of psychiatric disorders among sentenced female offenders. 326 81

The National Institute of Mental Health Diagnostic Interview Schedule (NIMH-DIS) was administered by trained lay interviewers to a sample of 82 outpatients with clinical diagnoses of DSM-III schizophrenic disorder. Of these subjects, 77 percent were also diagnosed as suffering from DSM-III schizophrenic disorder according to the structured interview (NIMH-DIS) administered by a lay interviewer. The DIS interviews were scrutinized to find the reasons for their discrepancy with the clinical diagnoses. A majority of the DIS-negative schizophrenic subjects acknowledged significant psychopathology in the DIS and missed only one of the six DSM-III criteria items for schizophrenia. Test-retest results showed consistency in the subjects' reporting of lifetime schizophrenic symptoms.
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PMID:The NIMH-DIS in the assessment of DSM-III schizophrenic disorder. 371 14

Two structured interviews, the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia-Lifetime (SADS-L) and the National Institute of Mental Health Diagnostic Interview Schedule (NIMH-DIS), were compared as methods of reducing information variance in the diagnostic process. Forty-two patients newly admitted to an alcohol treatment unit were randomly selected and were independently interviewed using the SADS-L and NIMH-DIS. The order of the interviews was random and they were separated by three to four days. Interrater reliability for each interview schedule was calculated using the kappa statistic and was found to be high. The degree of diagnostic concordance between the two interview schedules for several diagnostic categories was also found to be high.
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PMID:A comparison of two interview schedules. The Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia-Lifetime and the National Institute for Mental Health Diagnostic Interview Schedule. 709

In this paper we compare rates of mental disorders (major depression, dysthymia, cognitive impairment, and schizophrenia) among homeless people in Madrid and Los Angeles (LA) and examine the ordering of the onset of both conditions (i.e., homelessness and mental disorders). In the Madrid study, 262 homeless persons were interviewed using the CIDI. In the LA study, 1563 homeless persons were interviewed with the DIS. To make an item-by-item comparison, we companied the databases from both studies to submit a single database to statistical analyses. Results showed no significant differences in DSM-III-R life-time prevalence rates of mental disorders between both samples. However, the Madrid sample showed higher 12-month prevalence rates of dysthymia and cognitive impairment as compared to the LA sample. Most subjects across both cities first experienced symptoms of their mental disorders before first becoming homeless. The only significant difference was that all of the depressed adults in Madrid experienced depression prior to first becoming homeless, whereas this was the case for only 59.1% of LA depressed homeless people. We discuss the reasons for these cultural differences and their implications for cross-national public health research and intervention.
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PMID:Differential patterns of mental disorders among the homeless in Madrid (Spain) and Los Angeles (USA). 978 Aug 16

Epidemiological studies in Korea on mental illness began about four decades ago by Choi and Yoo. This was followed by more than 25 papers. Interviews by psychiatrists were not randomly selected samples. Consistent diagnostic tools were not used except by Yeon et al. The definition of prevalence was not definite and, therefore, not comparable. The research was confined to major psychoses such as schizophrenia, manic depressive illnesses, mental retardation and epilepsy. Most of the studies were performed in rural areas only. The present study was designed to meet the above described criteria as well as testing the applicability of Diagnostic Interview Schedule-III (DIS-III) in Korea. In order to accomplish those goals the Korean version of DIS-III was constructed and the lifetime prevalence of mental disorders was studied both in urban (Seoul) and rural areas.
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PMID:A nationwide epidemiological study of mental disorders in Korea. 989 67

Because of such validity-research deficits and the ceiling on agreement between instruments imposed by less-than-perfect reliability characteristics of each instrument, it is not appropriate to assume that the semistructured clinician interview is more valid than the epidemiologic interview. The Baltimore ECA site is uniquely situated to address this issue by comparing the outcome of subjects identified with current depression in the 1982 clinical reappraisal interview with those identified by the DIS at the same time to see if the 13-year follow-up is similar to that found over 16 years by Murphy et al. Where do we go from here in improving our diagnostic criteria for DSM-V, constructing better diagnostic instruments, and conducting the next generation of epidemiologic studies? Certainly the categorical diagnostic criteria themselves, without a dimensional symptom level, are never used in clinical treatment trials. Hence the "clinical significance" criteria of significant distress or disability added to DSM-IV should be further refined, with the possible addition of "staging" of disorders. The objective would be to provide a better indication of treatment need and clinical prognosis as in current cancer diagnostic assessments. For epidemiologic studies, the addition of symptom scales and disability assessments to the traditional categorical diagnoses should be helpful in developing community measures of treatment need. Different methods of assessment may be useful for diagnoses in which an impaired perception of reality occurs, such as schizophrenia. With some of these adjustments, it should be feasible to "count" those with clinically significant diagnoses in the community, and thus improve the validity and clinical utility of our diagnoses for predicting clinical course and responsiveness to specific treatments.
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PMID:Community diagnosis counts. 1071 9

The paper presents diagnostic instruments employed in psychiatric; brief history of their development with regard to their importance for progress in psychiatric epidemiology, the characteristic of the most important diagnostic questionnaire (Present State Examination--PSE, Composite International Diagnostic Interview--CIDI, Schedules for Clinical Assessment In Neuropsychiatry--SCAN, Structured Clinical Interview for DSM IV--SCID, Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia--SADS, Diagnostic Interview Schedule--DIS). It also describes some features that should be considered while choosing a proper instrument for a given study. The authors call attention to some differences between instruments, e.g., those related to the structure of the questionnaire, involving diagnostic categories, the sort of information that an instrument allows to collect, competence of interviewers and their training, and also population for which the instrument is assigned. Presenting advantages and disadvantages of instruments, the authors emphasize that there is no best instrument. The choice of questionnaire depends, first of all, on the purpose of the study and the funds that the researches have at their disposal.
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PMID:[The diagnostic questionnaires and their use in epidemiological studies in psychiatry]. 1078 45

Probably in association with changes in the economic structure and high unemployment rates in western industrialized countries, homelessness is becoming more apparent publicly and receiving increased media attention. More studies on the issue of mental illness and homelessness have been performed in recent years in North America while hardly any representative and reliable data exists concerning Germany and some other European countries. The aim of our study was 1) to assess alcohol abuse and dependency as well as other mental disorders in a representative sample of homeless men in Munich using reliable methods of case identification (Diagnostic Interview Schedule [DIS and DIS/DSM-III diagnoses); 2) to compare homeless alcoholics with homeless non-alcoholics in our sample on relevant variables and issues and 3) to compare our data from the sample of homeless men in Munich with data obtained by others using the same case identification procedure (DIS/DSM-III diagnoses). According to our results, the lifetime prevalence of any DIS/DSM-III Axis I diagnoses was 94.5% and the lifetime prevalence of substance use disorder was 91.8%. The single most prevalent diagnosis among homeless males in Munich was alcohol dependency (lifetime 82.9%), while alcohol abuse (lifetime 8.2%) and drug abuse/dependency were considerably lower (lifetime 17.8%). Data show that alcoholism and its consequences were more severe in the Munich as compared to the Los Angeles homeless sample. Homeless alcoholics showed a high comorbidity with other mental disorders (lifetime) such as affective disorders (44.4%), anxiety disorders (22.6%), drug abuse/dependence (18.8%) and schizophrenia (12.0%); 64% of those with alcoholism at some time during their life had at least one other lifetime mental disorder. Alcohol-related patterns of living and symptoms as well as social or role functioning are described for homeless alcoholics in Munich and compared with data from other relevant studies. Considering the extremely high prevalence of alcohol dependence frequently in combination with other mental disorders, the use of alcohol rehabilitation and other services as well as self-help groups was minimum among Munich homeless alcoholics. New concepts to deal with these problems are needed and if they exist, they need to be implemented.
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PMID:Alcoholism among homeless men in Munich, Germany. 1969 9