Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0036341 (schizophrenia)
 60,220 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The brain-rich 14-3-3 protein regulates synthesis and excretion of bioamine by activating tyrosine and tryptophan hydroxylases, and by exocytosis of catecholamines and serotonin. In humans, at least eight subunits of the 14-3-3 protein family have been isolated. The 14-3-3 eta chain gene is located at 22q12.1 to q13.1, one of the chromosome regions identified as possibly linked to schizophrenia. We systematically searched for nucleotide variants in the coding region, 5' and 3' untranslated region, and in the exon-intron boundaries of the genomic 14-3-3 eta gene in 24 schizophrenics and 24 controls. Two polymorphic sites were found: one in the 5' untranslated region and one in the 3' untranslated region. However, no variants predicting amino-acid alterations were observed. Similar allelic and genotypic distributions for both polymorphisms were found in 308 schizophrenics and 135 controls.
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PMID:Systematic search for mutations in the 14-3-3 eta chain gene on chromosome 22 in schizophrenics. 956 86

Recent genetic analyses have suggested a linkage between schizophrenia and the chromosomal region 22q12-q13. 14-3-3 protein, abundant in the brain, mediates interactions between diverse molecules of biological activities; its gene was recently mapped to chromosome 22q12.1-q13.1. We therefore investigated allele frequencies of a variable number of tandem repeat (VNTR) in the 5'-noncoding region of the 14-3-3 eta chain gene in controls and schizophrenics. The frequencies of the two-repeat allele were significantly higher (P < 0.05) in the schizophrenics, and particularly in those with onset before age 22 (early-onset schizophrenics, P < 0.02), than in the controls. The odds ratio was significantly increased in the early-onset schizophrenics homozygous for the two-repeat allele (OR = 3.3, 95% CI = 1.1-9.7). The 14-3-3 eta chain gene is a potential susceptibility gene for schizophrenia, and particularly for early-onset schizophrenia.
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PMID:14-3-3 protein eta chain gene (YWHAH) polymorphism and its genetic association with schizophrenia. 1020 37

The neuronal protein 14-3-3 eta is a candidate gene for schizophrenia because it maps chromosome 22q12, a region implicated in the disease by linkage analysis, and is involved in brain development. We systematically screened this gene for polymorphic variants by comparison of public EST sequence data (five cDNAs and 72 ESTs, 21,155 bp of sequence) in parallel with single-stranded conformational polymorphism analysis, and we compared these methods by using a simple power calculation. Twelve potential polymorphisms were identified from EST sequence comparison, and two of these (a 5'-VNTR and 753G/A) were confirmed by SSCP analysis and sequencing. Three additional infrequent polymorphisms (-408T/G; 177 C/G; and 989 A/G) were found by SSCP only. We next examined these variants for association with schizophrenia. One variant in untranslated region of exon 1 (-408 T/G) was found to occur more frequently in the schizophrenic subjects (8%) than the controls (3%; P = 0.01). After fivefold correction of the P value for multiple testing, marginal association was found. Haplotype analysis of pairs of polymorphisms provided no evidence for association of this gene with schizophrenia in the population studied. Am. J. Med. Genet. (Neuropsychiatr. Genet. ) 96:736-743, 2000.
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PMID:Systematic screening of the 14-3-3 eta (eta) chain gene for polymorphic variants and case-control analysis in schizophrenia. 1112 Nov 72

Using cDNA microarrays we have investigated gene expression patterns in brain regions of patients with schizophrenia. A cDNA neuroarray, comprised of genes related to brain function, was used to screen pools of samples from the cerebellum and prefrontal cortex from a matched set of subjects, and middle temporal gyrus, from a separate subject cohort. Samples of cerebellum and prefrontal cortex from neuroleptic naive patients were also included. Genes that passed a 3% reproducibility criterion for differential expression in independent experiments included 21 genes for drug-treated patients and 5 genes for drug-naive patients. Of these 26 genes, 10 genes were increased and 16 were decreased. Many of the differentially expressed genes were related to synaptic signaling and proteolytic functions. A smaller number of these genes were also differentially expressed in the middle temporal gyrus. The five genes that were differentially expressed in two brain regions from separate cohorts are: tyrosine 3-monooxygenase/tryptophan 5-monooxygenase activation protein, eta polypeptide; sialyltransferase; proteasome subunit, alpha type 1; ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal esterase L1; and solute carrier family 10, member 1. Identification of patterns of changes in gene expression may lead to a better understanding of the pathophysiology of schizophrenia disorders.
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PMID:Application of cDNA microarrays to examine gene expression differences in schizophrenia. 1157 61

Clinical researches have shown that there is a genetic contribution to the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. Recent studies have suggested that three genes neuropeptide Y (NPY), phosphoinositide-3-kinase class 3 (PIK3C3) and 14-3-3 eta chain gene (YWHAH) are probably associated with schizophrenia. To replicate these findings, we carried out a family-based study on a sample of 235 trios. Our results suggest that the polymorphisms at the NPY and YWHAH genes are unlikely to be linked with genetic susceptibility to schizophrenia. However, we found significant evidence of preferential transmission of the -432C allele of the PIK3C3 gene in the entire trios (Z=2.91, d.f.=1, P=0.0036) and the male probands trios (Z=2.66, d.f.=1, P=0.0079).
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PMID:A family-based association study of schizophrenia with polymorphisms at three candidate genes. 1581 94