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Query: UMLS:C0036341 (schizophrenia)
 60,220 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The relationship of the DSM-III categories to the national diagnostic usage of ICD is of importance for communication between psychiatrists. Here the theoretical relationship between the DSM-III categories and the Norwegian use of ICD-8 within the area of functional psychoses is discussed. An empirical investigation of these theoretical assumptions has been done on a hospital material diagnosed independently in the two classificatory systems. The empirical investigation gives support to the concordance of DSM-III schizophreniform, schizoaffective, and bipolar disorder and the Norwegian ICD-8 counterparts. The concordance is less for schizophrenic disorders and major depression. It is also found that the Norwegian diagnoses of reactive psychoses spread over many DSM-III diagnoses. In particular more of the reactive psychoses than predicted fall within the schizophrenic spectrum of DSM-III.
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PMID:The DSM-III classification of the functional psychoses and the Norwegian tradition. 346 37

Families with more than one member affected by schizophrenia were identified and their members were interviewed. Four standardized diagnostic definitions (PSE, DSM-III, ICD-9, Feighner) were applied to all subjects who were classified as schizophrenic or not schizophrenic according to each definition. Non-schizophrenic psychiatric disorders which have been shown to be familially associated with schizophrenia were also identified. Twenty blood markers were ascertained for all subjects and evidence of co-segregation with schizophrenia was sought. No selective segregation was found and therefore there was no evidence suggesting linkage or supporting a monogenic theory of transmission of susceptibility to schizophrenia.
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PMID:A study of genetic linkage in schizophrenia. 347 73

The medicostatistical evaluation of the total of neuropsychiatric patients belonging to the district Reichenbach/V. with outpatient medical care for 50.3 thousand inhabitants (from 16 years onward) of the year 1980 is presented. From 8665 persons registered 1510 (e. g. 2.5% of the total population/59.3 thousand) consulted the psychiatrist; 811 of them consulted the doctor for the first time, whereas in case of 699 patients it had happened repeatedly. From the total of 4066 consultations there belong 820 to the department of psychiatry (54.3%) and 690 (45.7%) to the neurological department including borderline cases. Taking into account all specialized clinical inpatient care and permanent nursing in asylums the period-prevalence for schizophrenia is 1.83% (ICD-295) and for affective psychoses (ICD-296) 1.27%.
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PMID:[Epidemiologic studies of neuropsychiatric morbidity in the Reichenbach/V. district (analysis of 1980)]. 348 96

The first-admission diagnoses of schizophrenia in males aged 15 years and over for the 15-year interval 1970-84, based on annual reports from the Danish Psychiatric Register, showed a highly significant decrease from 12.6 to 8.5 per 100,000, amounting to 37% by regression analysis. The decrease is almost entirely caused by the age group 15-24 years, in which the incidence fell from 30.7 to 14.6 per 100,000. During the same period a remarkable increase in the corresponding first-admission rates of "borderline states" (ICD-8: 301.83, Danish version) and paranoid and unspecified psychoses (ICD-8: 297, 298.9, and 299) was observed, particularly for the age groups 15-24 and 25-34 years. Changes in diagnostic habits accounting for the decreasing schizophrenia incidence among males are discussed.
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PMID:Decreasing first-admission rates of schizophrenia among males in Denmark from 1970 to 1984. Changing diagnostic patterns? 348 53

In a cross-sectional study, five diagnostic systems for schizophrenia: CATEGO, Research Diagnostic Criteria, DSM-III, Feighner's Criteria, and Schneider's First Rank Symptoms, were evaluated for their usefulness, comprehensiveness and concordance, using a clinical diagnosis conforming to the ICD-9 concept of schizophrenia. The sample consisted of 112 patients. It was found that all the diagnostic systems had good agreement with the index diagnosis. The rate of concordance among the systems varied. The advantages and limitations of each system and its usefulness in Indian context are discussed.
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PMID:Diagnostic systems for schizophrenia. A cross-sectional study of concordance from India. 349 Jan 16

In a context of a WHO collaborative study, 12 research centres in 10 countries monitored geographically defined populations over 2 years to identify individuals making a first-in-lifetime contact with any type of 'helping agency' because of symptoms of psychotic illness. A total of 1379 persons who met specified inclusion criteria for schizophrenia and other related non-affective disorders were examined extensively, using standardized instruments, on entry into the study and on two consecutive follow-ups at annual intervals. Patients in different cultures, meeting the ICD and CATEGO criteria for schizophrenia, were remarkably similar in their symptom profiles and 49% of them presented the central schizophrenic conditions as defined by CATEGO class S+. However, the 2-year pattern of course was considerably more favourable in patients in developing countries compared with patients in developed countries, and the difference could not be fully explained by the higher frequency of acute onsets among the former. Age- and sex-specific incidence rates and estimates of disease expectancy were determined for a 'broad' diagnostic group of schizophrenic illness and for CATEGO S+ cases. While the former showed significant differences among the centres, the differences in the rates for S+ cases were non-significant or marginal. The results provide strong support for the notion that schizophrenic illnesses occur with comparable frequency in different populations and support earlier findings that the prognosis is better in less industrialized societies.
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PMID:Early manifestations and first-contact incidence of schizophrenia in different cultures. A preliminary report on the initial evaluation phase of the WHO Collaborative Study on determinants of outcome of severe mental disorders. 349 97

From The Danish Psychiatric Register five cohorts of all first-admitted patients to Danish psychiatric institutions from the years 1970, 1973, 1976, 1979, and 1980 have been followed, and trends in age-standardized rates of schizophrenia investigated. The first-admission rates have decreased in both sexes, significantly in males. In addition, the cumulated schizophrenia rates for the cohorts, including those of patients diagnosed as schizophrenics only at a later admission within periods of 2 and 5 years, decreased. This decrease is significant at 2 years of observation in both sexes and at 5 years in females. The decreasing first-admission rates might be explained partly by changes in diagnostic habits. The differential diagnoses of schizophrenia (paranoid states (ICD-8:297), paranoid reactive psychoses (298.3), unspecified psychoses (298.9 and 299), and borderline states (ICD-8 Danish version: 301.83] are increasingly used as first-admission diagnosis for patients later to be diagnosed as schizophrenic, possibly owing to a tendency to avoid the diagnosis of schizophrenia, when treatment of a patient is possible. A method of calculating the hospital incidence of schizophrenia approaching the real incidence better than the incidence of first-admission diagnoses is suggested.
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PMID:Why has the incidence of schizophrenia in Danish psychiatric institutions decreased since 1970? 349 99

The Copenhagen longitudinal high-risk study of offspring of 129 schizophrenic mothers commenced in 1962. At that time, the mothers were diagnosed according to contemporary Danish criteria. We have re-examined all of the hospital records of these mothers: 108 (84%) fulfil present-day DSM-III criteria for schizophrenia and 95 (74%) were diagnosed as paranoid schizophrenic according to ICD-8 criteria. In a follow-up at mean age 24, the offspring of the paranoid schizophrenic mothers were themselves found to be less frequently schizophrenic (5%) than were the offspring of non-paranoid schizophrenic mothers (29%).
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PMID:The Copenhagen high-risk project. The diagnosis of maternal schizophrenia and its relation to offspring diagnosis. 350 1

In order to determine whether ventricular enlargement in schizophrenia is due to a general brain atrophy or to a more regionally confined reduction of brain tissue, in CT scans of 54 schizophrenics (ICD 9 295.0-6) and 54 controls matched for age and sex the size of all cortical sulci, the Silvian fissures, lateral, third and fourth ventricles were determined by blind planimetry. The left Silvian fissure was on several levels most enlarged (by 79-233%), followed by the right Silvian fissure (42-96%), the frontal parts of the interhemispheric fissure (84%), the left and right frontal sulci (40%, 46%), the VBR (32%), and the third ventricle (25%), whereas the parietal and occipital sulci and the fourth ventricle were not significantly altered. With the exception of one parameter, there was no correlation between any of the data and the duration of the illness. The data indicate that paralimbic and limbic structures of the anterior temporal lobe and of the parasagittal frontal cortex are most affected in schizophrenia. With respect to recent neuroanatomical and neurophysiological findings, an explanation is offered for the close association of some positive schizophrenic symptoms with limbic and paralimbic brain deficiency.
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PMID:[Brain substance deficit with paralimbic and limbic involvement in computerized tomography studies of schizophrenic patients]. 357 62

A multiaxial classification system has been developed in which three ICD-8 derived axes of psychiatric syndromes, personality disorders and somatic syndromes, and two DSM-III axes of psychosocial stressors and social functioning have been included. Global assessment scales were annexed the three ICD-8 axes. This DSM-III/ICD-8 system was used for registration of 880 consequetively admitted psychiatric patients in a general hospital setting. The results showed that six psychiatric syndromes (substance use disorders, schizophrenia, manic-depressive psychosis, reactive psychosis, neurosis, and adjustment reactions) were responsible for 80% of the diagnostic variance. Of these syndromes, manic-depressive psychosis had the highest improvement rate both concerning symptoms and social functioning. Manic-depressive psychosis had also the lowest coefficient of variation in the stay in hospital indicating a high degree of homogeneity in accordance to the diagnose-related group system. However, patients within the categories of reactive psychosis and neurosis who received antidepressants also had a low coefficient of variation, although the neurotics were significantly more depressed than the manic-depressives at discharge from hospital.
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PMID:An integration of the DSM-III and ICD-8 by global severity assessments for measuring multidimensional outcomes in general hospital psychiatry. 359 13


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