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Query: UMLS:C0036341 (schizophrenia)
 60,220 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Prescription practices were examined as part of a multinational study of chronic hospitalized schizophrenic patients. The study included a total of 768 patients from 8 countries. All patients had a diagnosis (ICD-9) of schizophrenia and met defined criteria for chronic hospitalization. The patients were treated with psychotropic drugs from 6 categories, i.e., neuroleptics, antidepressants, lithium salts, anxiolytics, anticonvulsants, and antiparkinsonian medications, as well as with a variety of nonpsychotropic drugs. The majority of the patients received concurrently more than 1 neuroleptic, medications from 2 or more categories, and neuroleptics combined with other agents. Polypharmacy appeared to be universal in this population.
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PMID:Pharmacotherapy of chronic hospitalized schizophrenics: prescription practices. 286 26

A group of 112 patients diagnosed to be suffering from schizophrenia according to ICD-9 concept of this disorder were followed-up for a period of 18-30 months. Five diagnostic systems for schizophrenia: CATEGO, Research Diagnostic Criteria, Feighner's Criteria, DSM-III and Schneider's First Rank Symptoms were also applied to the study group at the beginning of the investigation. The outcome was assessed in the areas of clinical improvement, course, severity of illness and work. The course of the disorder and outcome in various definitions did not reveal significant variability though patients diagnosed to be schizophrenics according to DSM-III tended to display more psychopathology and impaired work efficiency at the time of follow-up.
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PMID:Outcome of schizophrenia in India using various diagnostic systems. 315 21

Color preferences of 20 inpatients with ICD-9 diagnosis of schizophrenia were compared with those of 24 normal control subjects by means of the cards of the Luescher 8 Color Test. The only significant difference was found on the Luescher Anxiety Scale; however, this difference seems too weak for practical clinical use.
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PMID:Color preference of ICD-9 schizophrenics and normal controls. 321 66

Out of 301 first-time admitted patients with delusional psychoses, 71 met Kendler's criteria of delusional disorder (DD) and 137 met the ICD-9 criteria of schizophrenia (S). DD was subdivided according to operational criteria into reactive delusional disorder (RDD) with precipitating factors (n = 31) and non-RDD (n = 40). At follow-up after 22-39 years, 20 RDD patients, 21 non-RDD patients and 85 S patients were personally interviewed. The delusions had faded in 61% of DD cases, were unchanged in 17%, and more prominent in another 17%. Recovery was recorded in 37%, mild defect in 32%, moderate impairment in 10%, and severe impairment in 22% of DD patients. Outcome was more favourable in DD compared with S, in RDD compared with non-RDD, and in non-RDD compared with S. The study supports distinctions between DD and S, RDD and non-RDD, and non-RDD and S based on course and outcome.
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PMID:Long-term course and outcome in delusional disorder. 323 35

Data from the Taipei Center of the International Pilot Study of Schizophrenia were reanalyzed using the ICD-9 and DSM-III diagnoses at 7-year follow-up. Patients diagnosed as schizophrenic according to DSM-III were shown to be a more homogeneous group in terms of their clinical manifestations, social functions and family psychiatric history than those defined as schizophrenic by ICD-9. The discordant cases of ICD-9 schizophrenia and DSM-III affective disorders were found to be different from the concordant schizophrenic group, but similar to the concordant group of affective disorders diagnosed by ICD-9 and DSM-III. Thirty-five per cent of mood-incongruent psychotic major depressive disorders defined by DSM-III at initial evaluation were diagnosed as schizophrenia at 7-year follow-up.
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PMID:A comparative study on schizophrenia diagnosed by ICD-9 and DSM-III: course, family history and stability of diagnosis. 334 98

Forty-six patients with the ICD diagnosis of schizophrenic or similar paranoid psychosis, 35 patients with the ICD diagnosis of affective psychosis, 22 patients with the ICD diagnosis of schizoaffective psychosis, and a large sample of control probands from the general population were followed up using standardized assessment procedures 5-8 years after index hospital treatment. A comparison of respective psychopathological or social outcome measures among the diagnostic groups and between patients and matched non-patients from the general population survey confirms the hypothesis that patients with the diagnosis of schizophrenia have, as a group, the poorest degree of psychopathological disturbances and social maladjustment. However, there is a large subgroup with a favourable outcome. Some predictors for poor outcome, described in the literature and in a former follow-up study of ours, could be confirmed. Under the aspect of invariance under different sample conditions, the predictive power of some prognostic scales, such as the Stephens Scale, the Vaillant Scale, and the Strauss-Carpenter Scale, was substantiated.
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PMID:Psychopathological and social outcome in schizophrenia versus affective/schizoaffective psychoses and prediction of poor outcome in schizophrenia. Results from a 5-8 year follow-up. 338 74

In Denmark sex and age standardized rates of first-admission diagnosis of the borderline state (301.83; ICD-8), have significantly increased during the 16 year interval 1970-85. There was no increase in the sex and age standardized rates of first-admission diagnosis of the other borderline state schizophrenia latens (295.59; ICD-8), in the same period. There was not sex difference in application of the 301.83 diagnosis, but a generation effect, the age group 15-34 especially contributed to the increase. Analysis of the geographic variation showed a five-fold relative risk of receiving the 301.83 diagnosis in the metropolitan area of Copenhagen compared with a total of three selected counties. Possible causes of the increase are discussed. There is every probability that the increase is due to change in diagnostic habits, but change in population psychiatric morbidity can not be excluded.
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PMID:Increasing incidence of borderline states in Denmark from 1970-1985. 340 27

In the first section of this paper, the clinically relevant features of the Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 3rd edition (DSM III) are described and compared with those of the ICD-9 (International Classification of Diseases). It is evident, among other facts, that the narrower concept of schizophrenia and the extension of the scope of affective disorders exercises an effect particularly on the class of schizoaffective disorders, which are considerably reduced in number. The second section of the paper is a report on the experience with the practical application of the DSM III at the Department of Psychiatry (University Hospital) of the University of Freiburg, FRG. A comparison of diagnoses based on DSM III with those based correspondingly on ICD 9 resulted e.g. in a reduction of the number of neurosis diagnoses and a surprising increase by a factor of three and a half of diagnosed personality disorders. The possible causes of such "movements" and their implications for clinical everyday practice are discussed.
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PMID:[Clinical aspects and practical applications of DSM-III]. 342 55

Attempts were made to identify, and include in a two-year follow-up study, every patient living in the catchment area of the Mapperley group of psychiatric hospitals in Nottingham (population 390,000) who made their first-ever contact with the psychiatric services for a potentially schizophrenic illness during a two-year period (1 August 1978 to 31 July 1980). Screening was based upon symptoms rather than diagnosis, covering both in-patient and out-patient services; a consensus diagnosis using ICD-9 was made by the project team. The Nottingham Psychiatric Case Register was used in a retrospective Leakage Study which added nine cases to the 99 identified by the screening procedures. Incidence rates are given for both broad and narrow concepts of schizophrenia, and for DSM-III diagnosis. The Nottingham incidence rates are similar to those reported from other UK centers, and are near the middle of the range found in the other collaborating centres in the WHO study on Determinants of Outcome of Severe Mental Disorders. At entry to the study, 27 patients were out-patients, and 11 were never admitted to hospital at any time in the two-year follow-up period. Reasons for believing that the Nottingham administrative incidence may be close to the incidence in the community are discussed.
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PMID:The incidence of schizophrenia in Nottingham. 344 5

The 800 census enumeration districts of Nottingham were used as a basis for the production of 12 distinct 'clusters' or neighbourhood types. Plotting the place of residence of the 68 patients with 'certain' or 'very likely' diagnoses of ICD-9 schizophrenia, identified in the World Health Organization Study of Determinants of Outcome of Severe Mental Disorders, showed the expected concentration in central areas of low social status. A more varied distribution was found for 132 patients with a case-register diagnosis of affective psychosis, contacting the psychiatric services for the first time during the same two-year period as the schizophrenic patients. Some of the highest rates for affective psychosis were found in new housing estates of middle and low status at some distance from the town centre.
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PMID:Ecological structure and the distribution of schizophrenia and affective psychoses in Nottingham. 344 6


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