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Query: UMLS:C0036341 (schizophrenia)
 60,220 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

One hundred and eighty-three patients suffering from functional psychoses were diagnosed according to ICD-8, RDC, and DSM-III criteria, and the concordance rates for the diagnoses compared. The heterogeneity of the diagnosis 'schizoaffective psychosis' as defined by these systems became clear. With respect to prognosis, the DSM-III diagnosis of schizophrenia was most closely related to poor outcome. Affective psychoses and schizoaffective psychoses, as well as DSM-III 'schizophreniform disorders', demonstrated a favourable prognosis.
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PMID:The classification of functional psychoses and its implications for prognosis. 259 Jul 77

This study is part of the ICD-10 field trials in which the use of case vignettes for interrater agreement has been examined. From our electronic database of 880 consecutively admitted inpatients we selected 24 cases that were transcribed to vignettes covering the first 5 ICD-10 target syndrome of dementia, substance use disorders, schizophrenia, mood and anxiety disorders. ICD-10 was compared with ICD-8 and DSM-III. The results showed that all 3 standard classification systems obtained an acceptable interrater agreement. Among the diagnoses, depressive disorders gave rise to most disagreement between the raters. Discrepancies between the methods of measuring interrater agreement were found when intraclass reliability was compared with consensus calculations for the individual patient.
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PMID:The use of case vignettes in studies of interrater reliability of psychiatric target syndromes and diagnoses. A comparison of ICD-8, ICD-10 and DSM-III. 261 85

101 in-patients were diagnosed according to the ICD-9 and the Frankfurt (FC) classifications. The latter classification used the glossary of the AMDP system, and the Andreasen scale (SANS). 94% of the FC process psychoses were diagnosed as schizophrenia according to ICD-9 and 78% of the atypical phasic psychoses (FC) as schizoaffective schizophrenia (ICD-9). On the other hand, only 55% of the ICD-9 schozophrenias could be classified as a FC process psychosis. The results confirm the assumption that the ICD-9 classification is not helpful in distinguishing phasic from non-phasic psychoses. Advantages of a classification based on phasic or non-phasic course are mentioned. Finally it is emphasized that the operationalization of concepts (either classic or new), the polydiagnostic, and the use of international glossaries (like the AMDP system) are an unavoidable step for the development and extension of the psychiatric research in Latin America.
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PMID:[Process and phasic psychoses according to ICD-9 classification]. 264 Apr 11

Using the method of a blind retrospective evaluation of clinical charts, 14 DSM-III pure schizotypal personality disorders (SPD) and 25 schizophrenic patients diagnosed with the help of the ICD-9 and the Flexible System were compared. Some differences emerged between the groups indicating that there may not only be a relationship between clinical samples of SPD (preferably defined by positive symptoms) and schizophrenia but also between SPD and borderline personality disorder. A group of 7 SPD and 17 schizophrenics could be followed up 4 years later. On a blind examination, SPD patients were found to be socially less well adjusted and they tended to be more symptomatic. Compared with a small DSM-III schizophrenia subgroup the differences diminished, SPD still rating higher on social dissatisfaction. A different definition of schizophrenia probably accounts for the greater part of the different results in this and previous studies.
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PMID:Comparative study of schizotypal and schizophrenic patients. 265 34

Operationalized diagnostics deal with the standardized assessment of psychiatric symptoms as well as diagnostic criteria. As a diagnostic system based on criteria, the DSM-III was chosen to identify operationalized diagnoses based on the Present State Examination (PSE-9) and some additional DSM-III specific items. By relating PSE symptoms to the diagnostic criteria of DSM-III, an easily applicable expert system leading to DSM-III diagnoses was developed. In two samples of 30 schizophrenic and 51 depressive patients the DSM-III computer diagnoses are contrasted with the ICD-8 diagnoses of the PSE/CATEGO system. In defining a "case", only minimal differences between the two computer programs were found. In the sample of schizophrenics, CATEGO led to 114 (81%) diagnoses and the DSM-III program to 112 (79%) diagnoses; for the depressive patients 43% cases were identified by CATEGO and 45% by the DSM-III algorithm. Comparing the diagnosis of "acute schizophrenic disorders", both programs arrived at similar percentages. (CATEGO: 51%; DSM-III: 57%). However, CATEGO is limited to two different subtypes (295.2 and 295.3), whereas the DSM-III program covers the total range of possible schizophrenic subtypes. Furthermore, the DSM-III program identified residual subtypes of schizophrenia in 23% of the diagnostic decisions. In the short-term course of the schizophrenic patients, CATEGO identified 27%-43% with affective diagnoses with high stability per cross-section. Using the DSM-III algorithm affective diagnoses were rather rare (maximum of 17%), marking unstable changes from acute to residual states of the psychosis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:On the way to expert systems. Comparing DSM-III computer diagnoses with CATEGO (ICD) diagnoses in depressive and schizophrenic patients. 268 May 10

The classification of endogenous psychoses is a controversial sector of psychiatry. Differences with regard to the evaluation of course and outcome contribute to this controversy. The course and outcome of a psychiatric illness are basic to the Frankfurt Classification System (FC) of endogenous psychoses. The main groups are process and phasic psychoses (typical and atypical). A third group, encompassing cases which could not be definitely classified at the time of examination, is entitled 'nonclassified endogenous psychoses'. This system was outlined according to the AMDP system and SANS using the cases of 100 patients admitted to the hospital (aged 18-86 years; 57 men, 43 women) and compared with four classifications (ICD-9, RDC, DSM III and Feighner). The listed definitions do not state whether or not a defective symptomatology is absolutely irreversible. Most of the atypic-phasic psychoses of the FC (50-78%) were schizoaffective psychoses according to the other classifications (Feighner, RDC, ICD-9) and most of the process psychoses (85-97%) were schizophrenias according to Feighner, ICD-9, RDC and DSM III. The major reason for the great correspondence (97%) between process psychoses (FC) and DSM III schizophrenias appears to be that 85% of the sample consisted of chronic and not subchronic schizophrenic disorders according to DSM III. On the other hand, about 45% of the ICD-9 and RDC schizophrenias (principally acute and subacute) were not diagnosed as process psychoses according to the FC. In the case of the typic-phasic psychoses, there was almost complete agreement with the other diagnostic systems. Most of the cases in which classification into the group 'process' or 'phasic psychosis' was unclear were diagnosed as schizophreniform disorders according to DSM III (70%) or into nearly equivalent groups according to RDC or ICD-9. Nonetheless, complete equivalency among these similar groups was not possible. In the context of some research aims (e.g. definitions of phenomenological or biological parameters), a classification system based on clearly-defined inclusion and exclusion criteria of such concepts as phasic and process psychoses (in shifts or insidious) is methodologically useful. The FC is suggested as a step in this direction.
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PMID:Phasic and process psychoses: a polydiagnostic comparison among the Frankfurt Classification System, DSM III, RDC, Feighner criteria and ICD-9. 272 26

A tenth version of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10) is currently being prepared by the World Health Organization, who called for field trials of suggested guidelines. A field trial of the guidelines for the diagnosis of schizophrenia is presented. There is a consistency with ICD-9-based diagnosis. Schneider's First-Rank Symptoms (FRS) acquire special importance in the suggested guidelines, but caution is necessary in detecting these symptoms in cultures in which socioculturally shared beliefs bear a resemblance to FRS.
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PMID:Schizophrenia in ICD-10: a field trial of suggested diagnostic guidelines. 279 34

Tolerability of long term clozapine treatment (7-8 years) was investigated in 27 female patients (age 34-77 years). Diagnosis according to ICD 9 was schizophrenia in 21 patients, severe psychomotor agitation with mental deficiency in 4 patients and an "endogenous" depression in 2 patients. All patients had previously been treated with different neuroleptics but with inadequate response or distressing side effects. The duration of the disorder was 10-36 years, duration of hospitalisation 10-36 years. At the day of investigation the total dose of clozapine ranged from 52-826 g, the average total dose being 385 g. The daily dose of clozapine ranged from 75 to 600 mg, the average daily dose being 225 mg. Only 2 patients were treated exclusively with clozapine, the other 25 patients were also receiving other neuroleptics. Seventy eight per cent of the investigated patients complained about hypersalivation and 63% showed overweight. In 37% of the patients the EEG demonstrated abnormalities. Mild parkinsonism was reported in 15% and akathisia in 11% of the patients, all these patients being on combined treatment. Clozapine did not induce tardive dysakinesia (TD) in any of the patients within a treatment period of 7-8 years. It is concluded that a potential benefit of clozapine includes a low incidence of neurological side effects even after long term administration.
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PMID:Tolerability of long term clozapine treatment. 281 63

Risk of rehospitalization was investigated in 100 former psychiatric inpatients with ICD-9 diagnoses of schizophrenia, schizoaffective and affective psychosis in a 6- to 7-year interval following discharge. Subtype of disorder, aftercare characteristics, previous course of illness and specific sociodemographic factors were hypothesized to predict the probability of readmissions to a hospital. For time-related statistical analyses the survival approach and proportional hazards model were used. The risk of rehospitalization varies considerably between the diagnostic subgroups studied, depending on the length of the observation period chosen. Schizophrenics had the highest risk (after 3 years 66%, 6 years 80%), followed by schizoaffective patients (58 and 65%) and affective psychosis patients (41 and 58%). Aftercare in a short defined period after discharge from the hospital reduced significantly the risk of readmission for patients with an affective psychosis and patients who were married. Former rehospitalization increases the risk of a readmission. Severity of psychopathological features had only minor predictive value.
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PMID:Risk of rehospitalization of psychotic patients. A 6-year follow-up investigation using the survival approach. 281 28

3H-imipramine binding to platelet membranes, Bmax and KD, was measured in depressed patients, who were divided into endogenous and non-endogenous depression according to three different criteria, the ICD-9, the Newcastle I and the Newcastle II rating scales. Two groups served as controls, a group of healthy volunteers and a group of psychiatric patients suffering from schizophrenia or senile dementia. No significant differences were found in either Bmax or in KD among the different groups of patients and the control groups.
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PMID:Imipramine binding in depressive patients diagnosed according to different criteria. 285 19


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