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Query: UMLS:C0036341 (schizophrenia)
 60,220 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This is the second article from a study of the outcome of five different methods of treatment for schizophrenia; patients were followed up over a period of two to five years after first admission and the first release. Patients who had been originally treated in hospital with psychotherapy alone stayed longer in hospital over the follow-up period than those who had received electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), drug alone, or drug plus psychotherapy. Those who had been treated with milieu therapy also had a longer stay dated from the time of admission. Patients treated initially with drugs or ECT showed a trend toward spending less time in hospital after their release.
Arch Gen Psychiatry 1976 Apr
PMID:Schizophrenia--a follow-up study of results of treatment. 93 85

The clinical course, body weight, biological measurements, and responses to neuroleptic agents were examined in 92 chronic schizophrenics over a period of ten years. The individual occurrence of periodic exacerbations, shifts in symptoms, changes in drug responses, unusual fluctuations in body weight, and transient biological abnormalities led me to conclude that schizophrenia is characterized by an independent variability of clinical and biological features. This variability indicates that schizophrenia is a disease of regulation.
Arch Gen Psychiatry 1976 Apr
PMID:Variability in schizophrenia. Reflection of a regulatory disease. 93 86

Schizophrenia subtypes are defined predominantly my manifest symptoms and behavior. This report, based on sign and symptom data from the International Pilot Study of Schizophrenia, addresses three questions: (1) Are traditional subtype diagnoses applied similarly across cultures? (2) Are the various traditional subtypes symptomatically distinguishable from one another? (3) Can cluster analytic techniques define a more distinctive set of schizophrenic subgroups? Present State Examination data were reduced to 27 psychopathologic signs and symptoms. Profile analysis of variance results indicate that each subtype appears similar, regardless of center of origin. However, this is based on a lack of distinguishing features between different subtypes. On the other hand, when a cluster analytic technique was used, it showed one large and three small subgroups, each readilty distinguishable from the others. These subgroups, labeled "usual," "flagrant," "insightful," and "hypochondriacal," are described clinically. If replicated or validated, such subgroups may prove meaningful in future considerations of subdivisions of the schizophrenia syndrome.
Arch Gen Psychiatry 1976 Apr
PMID:Another view of schizophrenia subtypes. A report from the international pilot study of schizophrenia. 93 87

Previous studies indicated that for two subgroups of patients, schizophrenics with premorbid asociality (SPA) and individuals with emotionally unstable character disorders (EUCD), central nervous system damage may have etiologic significance. It was hypothesized that these two patient groups would also have an increased number of neurologic soft signs. The relationship of neurologic examination, tests of auditory-visual integration, and intelligence quotient, and diagnoses was studied for 350 patients. Tests of reliability and persistence for all observed signs were performed. The EUCD and SPA groups had increased evidence of neurologic soft signs. Differences in patterns of IQ scores also suggest that different forms of brain damage may be present in these two groups. When the two groups were removed from the larger patient sample, those patients with other types of schizophrenia and character disorder did not exhibit evidence of neurologic impairment. This study of neurologic soft signs adds to the validity of considering SPA and EUCD as separate diagnostic entities.
Arch Gen Psychiatry 1976 Jul
PMID:Neurologic soft signs in schizophrenia and character disorders. Organicity in schizophrenia with premorbid asociality and emotionally unstable character disorders. 94 89

Eighty-eight of 92 first admission schizophrenics from 1963, being an incidence by first admission cohort, were followed up between 1974 and 1975. Fifty-eight percent were reported as showing no social or intellectural deficit, and only 8% were unremitting institutionalized, with 51% being considered as having normal economic productivity, and 69% with a good or fair social adjustment. Despite difficulties in comparison, birth, marriage, and divorce rates appear to be not very different from those for the general population, although the percentage of married patients is lower. Deaths would seem greater than expected. Possible reasons for the improved prognosis in schizophrenia are considered to be short initial hospitalization, almost universal use of phenothiazines, use of developing community services (social and psychiatric), and generally good econimic conditions.
Arch Gen Psychiatry 1976 Aug
PMID:Prognosis in schizophrenia. A ten-year follow-up of first admissions. 94 28

Eighty-five cases of atypical schizophrenia were compared with 200 of schizophrenia, 100 of bipolar (mania), and 225 of unipolar (depression) affective disorder. Comparisons were made on the basis of sex, age at admission, precipitating factors, outcome, and a family history of schizophrenia or of affective disorder. The atypical schizophrenia differed remarkably from the schizophrenia and most closely resembled the bipolar affective disorder when allowance was made for a younger age at onset and a higher frequency of precipitants. An analysis of symptoms verified the predominance of schizophrenic features in the atypical schizophrenia, but also showed a high percentage (80%) of patients who had one or more manic symptoms at index admission. It is concluded that great care should be taken in diagnosing schizophrenia in a patient who also has manic symptoms.
Arch Gen Psychiatry 1976 Oct
PMID:A study of "atypical schizophrenia". Comparison with schizophrenia and affective disorder by sex, age of admission, precipitant, outcome, and family history. 97 Oct 26

Several authors have attempted to establish a correlation between glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD) deficiency and chronic schizophrenia, and the results were contradictory. We propose that the correlation between G-6-PD deficiency and schizophrenia is to be found in the form of an acute delirium.
Arch Gen Psychiatry 1976 Oct
PMID:Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency with psychosis. 97 Oct 29

Schizophrenia has been defined as an indentifiable disorder based on phenomenologic classification. Support for this concept is derived from consistent observations of a low frequency of the disorder in general populations throughout the world but substantially higher frequency of occurrence in siblings of affected individuals. The rates of concurrence in diagnosis for schizophrenia, surprisingly, vary in similar degree to those found for a series of physical disorders such as cervical cancer, emphysema and bronchitis, and electrocardiographic evaluations of cardiac disorder. The most recent findings from cross-national diagnostic studies of mental disorder uphold the need for a regular, more definitive classification system that is considered from both the service and research points of view.
Arch Gen Psychiatry 1975 Jan
PMID:Classification in schizophrenia. 108 2

The spectrum concept of schizophrenia posits that a number of psychopathologic states, both psychotic and nonpsychotic, may share some genetic basis with schizophrenia, and may therefore constitute, together with schizophrenia itself, a genetic spectrum of schizophrenic disorders. While this is a valuable and promising research concept, its application to diagnostic practice could broaden the boundaries of schizophrenia to include patients with other conditions, thus rendering a larger population at risk for the untoward effects of the schizophrenia disgnosis itself. This may have already occurred in the Soviet Union, where a diagnostic system derived from a variant of the spectrum concept is used in routine diagnostic practice. The adoption of a spectrum-based diagnostic system should await further research on the boundaries of the spectrum, and more detailed descriptions of confirmed spectrum states.
Arch Gen Psychiatry 1975 Apr
PMID:The spectrum concept of schizophrenia. Problems for diagnostic practice. 109 Dec 24

The performance of creative writers on the Goldstein-Sheerer Object-Sorting Test was compared with that of admitted manic and schizophrenic patients. Writers and manics tended to show more behavioral and conceptual overinclusion, but the writers showed substantially more richness and the manics more idiosyncratic thinking. Schizophrenics tended to be underinclusive rather than overinclusive and showed less richness and bizarreness than the writers and manics. These data imply that the conceptual style of writers may resemble mania more than schizophrenia and that, if overinclusiveness is an index of thought disorder, manics may have a more florid thought disorder than schizophrenics.
Arch Gen Psychiatry 1975 Jan
PMID:Creativity and psychosis. An examination of conceptual style. 111 77


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