Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0036341 (schizophrenia)
 60,220 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Whole blood, plasma, or serum levels of various components were measured in fasting, drug-free control subjects and drug-free schizophrenic patients. Compared to normal controls, chronic schizophrenic patients showed increased alpha2-globulins and decreased plasma cholinesterase activity and ceruloplasmin activity, and acute schizophrenic patients showed decreased alpha2-globulins. Compared to chronic patients, acute schizophrenics showed decreased alpha2-globulins and IgA. Compared to normal controls of similar age, chronic schizophrenic patients weighed less, were shorter, and had smaller body surface area. The acute schizophrenic patients were significantly younger than the normal subjects or chronic schizophrenics but there was no difference in the other physical measurements. The present study indicates no gross disturbances in the blood variables studied. That some differences are statistically significant from controls is of scientific interest, but of no clinical value in the diagnosis of schizophrenia.
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PMID:Blood protein fraction comparisons of normal and schizophrenic patients. 4 63

A virus-like agent (V.L.A.) with a cytopathic effect on cultured cells was found in the cerebrospinal fluid of 18 of 47 patients with schizophrenia, of whom 10 had nuclear schizophrenic symptoms. In most patients with V.L.A., blood and C.S.F. protein concentrations were normal. Patients with and without V.L.A. had similar clinical characteristics but serum IgA levels were higher in those with V.L.A. V.L.A. was also detected in the C.S.F. of 8 of 11 patients with serious or chronic neurological disease (Huntington's chorea, multiple sclerosis, and unexplained alterations of consciousness).
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PMID:Characteristics of patients with schizophrenia or neurological disorder and virus-like agent in cerebrospinal fluid. 8 92

The present study was conducted on 40 new consecutive schizophrenic patients admitted in the psychiatry ward. The diagnosis of schizophrenia was done by Research Diagnosis Criteria (RDC). Serum immunoglobulins were were estimated in schizophrenic patients and were age and sex matched with 40 healthy individuals, comprising the control group. The IgG and IgA mean levels of schizophrenic patients were found to be significantly higher (p < 0.01) than the normal healthy individuals. There were however no significant differences between the schizophrenic patients and control group regarding total proteins, albumin and globulin levels. In subtypes of schinophrenia based on phenomenology only, paranoid group scored significantly higher (p < 0.01) IgG and IgA mean values than other types of Schizophrenia (catatonic, disorganised and undifferentiated).
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PMID:Immunoglobulin profile in schizophrenia. 147 41

Autoantibodies reacting with cell constituents other than antinuclear antibodies have seldom been reported in the literature on schizophrenia. Serum of 41 DSM-III-R schizophrenic patients was examined for the presence of various autoantibodies and compared with that of healthy volunteers (n = 10) and hospitalized controls. Titers of IgG, IgA and IgM autoantibodies directed against actin, tubulin, myosin, DNA, thyroglobulin, elastin, albumin, DNA and trinitrophenyl groups were determined using enzyme immunoassay. IgG and IgA titers were significantly decreased in schizophrenic patients. These results contrast with those obtained with various other autoimmune and nonautoimmune diseases in which titers are either unchanged or increased. A significant increase of various autoantibody levels was observed in the paranoid subgroup of schizophrenics compared with the disorganized subgroup. These autoantibodies possess characteristics similar to those of natural autoantibodies, which seem to play several biological roles.
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PMID:Natural autoantibodies in schizophrenia. 156 97

In view of the fact that substantial evidence today links psyche, brain, stress and immune system, the serum immunoglobulin (viz. IgG, IgA, IgM) levels in 40 patients with psychiatric disorders (viz. Schizophrenia, Affective disorder and generalized Anxiety disorders) have been investigated. With the exception of IgA, all psychiatric patients had significantly elevated IgG, IgM levels (p less than 0.001) when compared with healthy controls. Surprisingly these immunoglobulin levels irrespective of prevalent psychiatric disorder were almost similar to those of the hospitalized surgical patients pre-operatively (preferable controls), suggestive of no direct linear causal relationship between the psychiatric disorder and serum immunoglobulin levels. Factors affecting immunoglobulins have been discussed. Considering a probable viral association in Schizophrenia it is felt that simultaneous monitoring of viruses (affecting the nervous system) in the form of antigen/antibodies may be more informative.
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PMID:Serum immunoglobulin status of psychiatric in-patients. 225 Sep 80

In a prospective study of 80 new female patients with acute psychiatric disorders (40 each with schizophrenia and major affective disorder), elevated (P less than 0.001) serum concentrations of IgG and IgA were found in comparison to healthy control groups matched for age and sex. In schizophrenic patients the mean levels of IgG (1682.76 mg/dl) and IgA (321.12 mg/dl) were found to be significantly more as compared to those in the control group (IgG-1213.18 mg/dl and IgA - 210.14 mg/dl). Patients with paranoid schizophrenia had significantly high mean serum levels of IgG (1896.86 mg/dl) and IgA (376.16 mg/dl) in comparison to other subtypes of schizophrenia (i.e., catatonic, disorganized and undifferentiated). Mean serum concentrations of IgG and IgA in major affective disorder - mania (IgG 1526.36 mg/dl and IgA 382.16 mg/dl) and major depressive episode (IgG 2008.12 mg/dl and IgA 536.72 mg/dl) were found to be significantly higher as compared to those in the control group (IgG-920.21 mg/dl and IgA - 232.12 mg/dl).
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PMID:Immunoglobulin profile in acute psychiatric disorders. 237 88

The blood levels of anti-thymocytic IgG, IgM and IgA were studied in schizophrenics, their relatives and normal donors. The schizophrenic patients and their relatives had significantly elevated levels of IgG and IgM. The increased level of IgG in schizophrenic patients may be considered as a reflection of the pathological process or, perhaps, as a response to disease exacerbation. A high concentration of IgM is implicated in hereditary liability to schizophrenia being a significant although insufficient component of the patient's ability to develop the disease.
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PMID:[Anti-thymocyte antibodies in schizophrenia: clinico-immunologic and genetic correlations]. 387 54

The purpose of the study was to determine whether the total number of days spent in hospital during a 5-year follow-up period could be predicted by determining IgA, IgG and IgM concentrations in 62 schizophrenics on initial admission. A high IgA concentration on initial admission indicated less frequent need for hospital care during follow-up. A scattering diagram of this negative correlation showed that the correlation was based on a group of seven patients whose IgA concentrations markedly exceeded normal values. This group with exceedingly high IgA differed from the control group in several areas, which would indicate that these patients suffer from a "different" schizophrenia than the patients in the control group. This finding supports the idea of the heterogeneity of schizophrenia, and raises the possibility of developing biochemical methods to delineate the diagnostic category of schizophrenia.
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PMID:Immunoglobulins in schizophrenics and prediction of need for hospital care. 405 May 6

A study was undertaken to compare IgG, IgA, IgM, IgE and IgD antibodies in adult alcoholic, depressive and schizophrenic patients with healthy, adult controls. Total IgG, -IgA, -IgM, -IgE, and -IgD and specific-IgE antibodies were assessed using 33 allergens: 12 inhalant and 21 foods. There was no significant difference observed in the total immunoglobulin results between the patients and controls. There were, however, significant differences between the groups for allergen specific-IgE with the depressive patients exhibiting the greatest number of positive test results. The depressives had an over-all t-test value of 10.080 (5% = 1.960), the alcoholics t = 6.800 and the schizophrenics t = 6.015. The most often positive allergens were those from the perennial/mold group, although the most frequently positive single allergen was egg white and 100% of the depressives were sensitive to it. The data in this investigation suggest that psychiatric patients with alcohol dependence, depression and schizophrenia be studied further so that information on a causal relationship between allergen specific-IgE antibodies and these mental disorders can be evaluated.
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PMID:A study of antibody levels in alcoholic, depressive and schizophrenic patients. 706 79

Immunoglobulins, IgG, IgA and IgM were quantified in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma from chronic schizophrenic patients and controls using an immunofluorescent antibody technique. A generalized reduction in immunoglobulin levels was observed in the schizophrenic patients compared with controls. While this study supports other reports of abnormal immune functioning in schizophrenia, it failed to replicate previous findings of elevations in CSF IgG and elevations in serum IgA. The aetiology and significance of these findings are hypothesized but remain elusive.
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PMID:Quantitative determination of immunoglobulins in CSF and plasma of chronic schizophrenic patients. 733 55


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