Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0036341 (schizophrenia)
 60,220 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Rats administered intracerebroventricular (IVT) injections of 3-Carboxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline (I) or 6,7-Dihydroxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline (II), the condensation products of formaldehyde with phenylalanine and dopamine, respectively, were evaluated in the open field and shuttle box situation. In the open field, 45 min after the acute administration of I, several repetitive purposeless responses and other manifestations such as teeth chattering, wet dog shakes and stiffness of the tail were observed; however, no quantitative effects were detected in the behavioral parameters recorded. Further studies were performed utilizing the shuttle box situation with drugs I and II. They produced an increase in the number of escapes and latency of shocks when measured 45 min after IVT administration (10 mg/ml and 1 mg/ml, respectively; 20 microliters). Our data suggest that the studied compounds induce qualitative alterations as well as changes in shuttle avoidance behavior in the rat when measured 45 min after administered. The effects were found to be dose and time dependent, being reversible when measured 24 and 48 hours after administration of the drugs. The present results open the possibility that the in vivo formation of tetrahydroisoquinolines could be involved in some mental pathologies, such as schizophrenia, as has been previously suggested.
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PMID:Behavioral alterations induced by formaldehyde-derived tetrahydroisoquinolines. 724 42

1-Methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline (1MeTIQ) is an endogenous compound that is constantly present in the brain, and that exhibits neuroprotective activity. Our earlier study has suggested that 1MeTIQ may play a crucial physiological role in the mammalian brain as an endogenous regulator of dopaminergic activity. It is well known that central nervous system stimulants such as: amphetamine, cocaine, phencyclidine, and selective NMDA receptor antagonists, e.g., MK-801 produce neuropsychotoxicity (psychosis, addiction) that is indistinguishable from paranoid type schizophrenia. In rodents, phencyclidine and MK-801 are often used to evoke schizophrenia-like behavioral abnormalities which are inhibited by neuroleptics. The present study was designed to further investigate potential antipsychotic properties of 1MeTIQ by using both behavioral and neurochemical studies in the rat. We investigated the influence of 1MeTIQ (25 and 50 mg/kg ip) on locomotor hyperactivity, disruptions of prepulse inhibition (PPI), and working memory impairment induced by the NMDA receptor antagonist, MK-801 (0.2-0.3 mg/kg ip). In addition in the biochemical study, we analyzed the effect of 1MeTIQ on the changes in dopamine metabolism in different brain structures and in extraneuronal release of dopamine and glutamate in the rat frontal cortex, produced by MK-801. The concentration of dopamine (DA) and its metabolites: 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC), 3-methoxytyramine (3-MT), and homovanillic acid (HVA), as well as the extraneuronal concentration of dopamine and glutamate were established by HPLC. MK-801 (0.25 mg/kg ip) evoked significant disruptions of PPI and working memory impairment, and co-administration of 1MeTIQ at two investigated doses of 25 and 50 mg/kg ip did not antagonize these effects. On the other hand hyperactivity evoked by MK-801 as well as a rise in dopamine metabolism in specific brain structures and glutamate release in the frontal cortex was completely antagonized by pretreatment with 1MeTIQ. If the hyperlocomotion elicited by acutely administered MK-801 is a valid model of at least some aspects of schizophrenia, these results indicate that 1MeTIQ will show efficacy in treating this condition. In conclusions, the present study suggests that 1MeTIQ, an endogenous neuroprotective compound, exhibits also antipsychotic-like efficacy in some animal tests, and may be useful in clinical practice as a psychosis-attenuating drug in schizophrenic patients. However, 1MeTIQ did not attenuate sensorimotor gating deficit or working memory impairment evoked by MK-801 which may be served as a model of negative symptoms of schizophrenia.
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PMID:1-Methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline antagonizes a rise in brain dopamine metabolism, glutamate release in frontal cortex and locomotor hyperactivity produced by MK-801 but not the disruptions of prepulse inhibition, and impairment of working memory in rat. 1964 83

Gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric data are presented which demonstrate the presence of 6,7-dihydroxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline (DHTIQ) as a normal constituent of rat brain. The level of DHTIQ was calculated to be 10.0 +/- 3.0 ng/g wet weight (+/- S.D., N = 9) of brain tissue while the level of dopamine (DA) was measured as 1.22 +/- 0.22 microg/g (N = 14). The ratio of DHTIQ:DA was thus observed to be approximately 1:100. The possible formation of DHTIQ in alcoholism and schizophrenia is discussed.
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PMID:Gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric evidence for the identification of 6,7-dihydroxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline as a normal constituent of rat brain. Its quantification and comparison to rat whole brain levels of dopamine. 2104 46

Anxiety is a common symptom of schizophrenia. Ketamine, which acts as a noncompetitive antagonist of glutamatergic NMDA receptors by binding to the phencyclidine site, may induce schizophrenia-like symptoms and promote anxiogenic-like behaviour. The symptoms of anxiety in rodents can be measured by the elevated plus maze (EPM) test. 1-Methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline (1MeTIQ), as a neuroprotective and antiaddictive substance, produces pharmacological effects by influencing monoaminergic and glutamatergic activity, as previously demonstrated by us. The aim of the present study was to investigate the anxiolytic-like potential of 1MeTIQ after the administration of ketamine. These results were compared to the effects of olanzapine, an antipsychotic drug commonly used in the treatment of schizophrenia. We conducted the EPM test, during which the percentage of time spent in and the number of entries into the open arms were measured. In addition, locomotor activity was measured. Furthermore, we conducted biochemical analyses to verify changes in the levels of neurotransmitters and their metabolites in selected rat brain structures. Behavioural analyses showed that 1MeTIQ, similar to olanzapine, completely inhibited ketamine-induced anxiogenic effects in the EPM test. On the other hand, neurochemical data indicated that 1MeTIQ, as a reversible inhibitor of MAO, significantly blocked the dopamine MAO-dependent oxidation pathway, whereas olanzapine significantly increased the activity of this pathway. The results above suggest that the anxiolytic-like properties of 1MeTIQ are connected to its influence on the catabolism of dopamine, the elevation of serotonin concentrations and the reduction in the levels of noradrenaline.
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PMID:Comparison of the effects of 1MeTIQ and olanzapine on performance in the elevated plus maze test and monoamine metabolism in the brain after ketamine treatment. 3096 47