Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0036341 (schizophrenia)
 60,220 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A low plasma prolactin concentration has been reported to be associated with an increased risk of subsequent relapse in patients with schizophrenia. Prolactin concentration was measured in samples from stable schizophrenic men who were outpatients just prior to neuroleptic withdrawal. No relationship between prolactin concentration and time to subsequent relapse was found. Prolactin concentration may predict time to relapse only in populations characterized by specific demographic features or medication history.
Biol Psychiatry 1992 Dec 01
PMID:Plasma prolactin as a predictor of relapse in drug-free schizophrenic outpatients. 146 85

Nuclear medicine has a place in the study of brain trauma, brain tumours, stroke, dementia epilepsy and depression. The development of new tracers labelled with widely available radionuclides, such as technetium-99m (99Tc) and iodine-123, has played a key role here. Practical methodology can now be implemented in the routine setting. Additional applications are reviewed in the context of brain death, encephalitis, post-viral fatigue syndrome, Parkinson's disease and schizophrenia.
Curr Opin Neurol Neurosurg 1992 Dec
PMID:The role of nuclear medicine in neurology and psychiatry. 146 80

A total of 2090 treatment episodes from 1977 to 1990 at a therapeutic community for acute patients were assessed for group psychotherapy participation and its associations with some patient and program characteristics, based on polytomous logistic regression analysis. Nonparticipation (4% of all episodes) or passivity (14%) were associated mainly with the program properties (such as the quality of the ward policy, first treatment episode and short treatment time), a diagnosis of personality disorder or typical schizophrenia and inferior outcome (assessed by attainment of treatment goals). The associations of moderate activity (45%) were very active (37%) as a reference, mainly personal properties (such as male gender, young age, low social and professional background and a diagnosis of schizophrenia) and inferior outcome. The results suggest that group participation, therapeutic program, patient properties and attainment of treatment goals are interrelated. The therapeutic program and leaders' skills should be developed to facilitate individualized group participation.
Acta Psychiatr Scand 1992 Dec
PMID:Participation in group psychotherapy in a therapeutic community for acute patients. 147 45

Prepulse inhibition (PPI) is the normal reduction in a startle response that occurs when the startling stimulus is preceded by a weak lead stimulus ("prepulse"). Schizophrenic patients exhibit abnormally low levels of PPI; therefore, animal models of deficient PPI may provide information regarding neural dysfunctions underlying schizophrenia. We recently reported that infusion of the cholinergic agonist carbachol into the dentate gyrus (DG) disrupts PPI in the rat. We now report the effects of carbachol microinjected into CA1, the DG, or the ventral subiculum (VS) on acoustic startle and PPI. Carbachol infusion into CA1 or the DG depressed startle. Carbachol infusion decreased PPI with a regional rank-order potency CA1 > DG > VS. CA1 infusions more potently depressed the startle reflex. By contrast, DG infusions preferentially decreased PPI, while VS infusions decreased PPI without altering startle amplitude. Coinfusion with the muscarinic cholinergic antagonist atropine opposed the effects of carbachol. These results demonstrate the regional heterogeneity and pharmacological specificity of the hippocampal cholinergic modulation of acoustic startle and PPI and suggest that abnormalities within various regions of the hippocampal formation may contribute to deficient sensorimotor gating in schizophrenic patients.
Pharmacol Biochem Behav 1992 Dec
PMID:Hippocampal modulation of acoustic startle and prepulse inhibition in the rat. 147 5

Delta sleep-inducing-peptide (DSIP) has been reported to increase sleep in subjects with insomnia. The authors studied cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) DSIP-like immunoreactivity (DSIP-LI) in 15 drug-free male subjects with a DSM-IIIR diagnosis of schizophrenia. The subjects underwent a lumbar puncture and three nights of polysomnography. CSF DSIP-LI was significantly correlated with polysomnography the night before the LP: with stage 3 sleep (p = 0.05), stage 3 and delta (stages 3 + 4) sleep during the first nonrapid eye movement NREM period (p = 0.02 and p = 0.05, respectively) and the ratio of the first and second NREM period (p < 0.05), and negatively with stage 2% sleep (p < 0.05). Whether this first report of a potential relationship between CSF DSIP-LI and slow-wave sleep in man might be generalized to sleep in nonpsychiatric subjects awaits further study.
Sleep 1992 Dec
PMID:Delta sleep-inducing-peptide-like immunoreactivity (DSIP-LI) and delta sleep in schizophrenic volunteers. 147 66

Slow cortical potentials (SCPs) are considered to reflect the regulation of attention resources and cortical excitability in cortical neuronal networks. Impaired attentional functioning, as found in patients with schizophrenic disorders, may covary with impaired SCP regulation. This hypothesis was tested using a self-regulation paradigm. Twelve medicated male schizophrenic inpatients and 12 healthy male controls received continuous feedback of their SCPs, during intervals of 8 s each, by means of a visual stimulus (a stylized rocket) moving horizontally across a TV screen. The position of the feedback stimulus was a linear function of the integrated SCP at each point in time during the feedback interval. Subjects were required to increase or reduce negative SCPs (referred to pretrial baseline) depending on the presentation of a discriminative stimulus. The correct response was indicated by the amount of forward movement of the feedback stimulus and by monetary rewards. Schizophrenics participated in 20 sessions (each comprising 110 trials), while controls participated in 5 sessions. Compared with the healthy controls, schizophrenics showed no significant differentiation between negativity increase and negativity suppression during the first sessions. However, in the last 3 sessions, patients achieved differentiation similar to controls, demonstrating the acquisition of SCP control after extensive training.
Biofeedback Self Regul 1992 Dec
PMID:Self-regulation of slow cortical potentials in psychiatric patients: schizophrenia. 147 47

The original transmethylation hypothesis of schizophrenia has evolved with time and experiment to the present concept that a defect in the methyl-carbon metabolic pathway may be causative in this illness. Various researchers have proposed that specific steps in the methyl-carbon pathway may be defective, and have presented evidence to support these possibilities. We have tested the general concept of the hypothesis by administering methionine labeled with 11C or 14C in the S-methyl carbon to patients with schizophrenia and to controls and measured the expiration of 11CO2 and 14CO2. We found that the rate and total expiration of labeled CO2 were three times less in the patients than in the controls, with no overlap of data points in the two groups. Specific steps in the methylcarbon pathway that might be defective and produce the results seen here are discussed in light of this and other researchers' findings.
Biol Psychiatry 1992 Dec 15
PMID:Tracer kinetic evidence for abnormal methyl metabolism in schizophrenia. 147 88

The gene encoding the D2 dopamine receptor (DRD2) is located on human chromosome 11q23 and has been circumstantially associated with a number of human disorders including Parkinson's disease, schizophrenia, and susceptibility to alcoholism. To determine the physical structure of the DRD2 gene, we utilized cosmid cloning, isolation of yeast artificial chromosomes (YACs), and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis to construct a long-range physical map of human chromosome 11q23 linking the genes for the DRD2 and neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM). The D2 dopamine receptor gene extends over 270 kb and includes an intron of approximately 250 kb separating the putative first exon from the exons encoding the receptor protein. The resulting physical map spans more than 1.5 mb of chromosome band 11q23 and links the DRD2 gene with the gene encoding the NCAM located 150 kb 3' of the DRD2 gene and transcribed from the same DNA strand. We additionally located the sites of at least four hypomethylated HTF islands within the physical map, which potentially indicate the sites of additional genes. High-resolution fluorescent in situ suppression hybridization using cosmid and YAC clones localized this gene cluster between the ApoAI and STMY loci at the interface of bands 11q22.3 and 11q23.1.
Genomics 1992 Dec
PMID:Structure and linkage of the D2 dopamine receptor and neural cell adhesion molecule genes on human chromosome 11q23. 147 42

Previous research on depression in childbearing women has focused on the presence or absence of clinical depression. Little attention has been paid to the distress caused by the presence of depressive symptoms in the absence of the full syndrome of clinical depression. A convenience sample of 202 healthy, married, primigravid women who were free of psychiatric symptoms were assessed at 10 to 14 weeks and 30 to 32 weeks of pregnancy and at 1 to 2 weeks and 14 weeks post partum. Depression symptoms were measured by using the Schedule of Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia, the standardized clinical interview for research and depression of The National Institute of Mental Health. Data from the Schedule of Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia indicated that only 5% of the women met criteria for clinical depression but approximately 50% of the sample reported clinical levels of three or more depressive symptoms. Anger, fatigue, psychic anxiety, and worry were the most frequently endorsed symptoms at each assessment point. The implications of these findings for symptom management and health promotion for childbearing women are discussed.
J Perinatol 1992 Dec
PMID:Dysphoric distress in childbearing women. 147 58

We studied groups of 39 schizophrenic subjects, 35 schizotypic subjects, and 33 control subjects, comparing them on a standard sustained attention task called the Continuous Performance Test (identical pairs version). The expected negative relationship between performance on sustained attention and psychopathology was confirmed by differences among the three groups which were in the direction predicted, although only the difference between the schizophrenic group and the other two groups was significant. This finding adds evidence to the view from research on high risk and attention with schizophrenic subjects that subtle attention deficits are present among subjects within the schizophrenia spectrum. Consequently, our results can be understood as supporting a dimensional theory of psychopathology.
Psychol Rep 1992 Dec
PMID:Sustained attention deficit in young schizophrenic and schizotypic men. 148 Jun 91


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