Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0036341 (schizophrenia)
 60,220 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The families of 29 disturbed but nonpsychotic adolescents were observed in a structured task in which they discussed their reactions to viewing themselves interacting on videotape. Measures derived from the Singer-Wynne concenpt of transactional style deviance were applied to the parental behaviors and related to prior assessments of parental communication disorder based on individual parental TAT protocols. The results confirm the Singer-Wynne hypothesis of the cross-situational stability of transactional style deviance. The most striking finding, however, is that an index of positive focusing behavior differentiates more strongly parents of adolescents hypothesized to be at varying leves of risk for schizophrenia than does the measure of transactional style deviance.
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PMID:Parental focus of attention in a videotape feedback task as a function of hypothesized risk for offspring schizophrenia. 59 Apr 75

Parents of schizophrenics show more transactional style deviance in diverse situations than do other parents. In a sample of families of nonschizophrenic outpatient adolescents, a manual for scoring such deviance on stories told for seven TAT cards was developed. This scoring system was shown to be composed of six meaningful factors. When this system was applied to the TAT's of parents of offspring with a variety of psychiatric diagnoses, a total deviance score did not discriminate among the parents. High scores on two particular factors were found only in parents of hospitalized schizophrenics, but four factors were nondiscriminating. Parents of young adults with schizophrenia spectrum disorders were more likely to show high scores on at least one of these six factors than other parents. Considering the scores of mothers and fathers together yielded the best discrimination of parents of schizophrenia spectrum disorders from other parents.
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PMID:Patterns of transactional style deviance in the TAT's of parents of schizophrenics. 61 21

According to several follow-up studies in the literature, anorexia nervosa has to be considered as an affection with a grave prognosis. We have studied the outcome in a group of 32 female patients who could be considered as homogeneous in a number of aspects. The following five criteria, on which the delineation of the syndrome is based, were realized in all the patients: considerable weight loss; limited food intake; amenorrhea; juvenile age of onset; absence of primary organic or specific psychotic disorder. All of them presented a serious symptomatology and had undergone some previous treatment under the form of ambulatory psychotherapy and/or forced feeding. They all received, during their admission in the same hospital, the same form of combined intensive medical and psychotherapeutic treatment. All of them maintained regular psychotherapeutic contacts with the same psychiatrist. According to the outcome, the patients could be categorized into three groups: the cured, the improved, the unimproved. In order to circumscribe some prognostic elements, we have compared a number of clinical, family and personality variables in these groups. As favorable clinical factors can be mentioned: younger age at admission and shorter duration of the illness. Manifestations of impulsive behavior (automutilation, kleptomania, fugues, etc. ...) and sucide attempts are unfavorable. No definite family factors can be defined, although the absence of psychological interaction with the father seems to be unfavorable. A better prognostic outcome is offered by the following personality characteristics, determined by psychological testing: lower neuroticism and higher self-defensiveness on the ABV; a lower general profile and especially a lower score on the schizophrenia scale of the MMPI; less pronounced tendencies to infantile regression, passivity and sexual repression as these are expressed in the TAT.
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PMID:Elements of resistance to a combined medical and psychotherapeutic program in anorexia nervosa. An overview. 81 38

The authors mark the following peculiarities of the fixated set in schizophrenia: inertness (in a continuous course); a lability (in acute manifestations of psychoses and in a recurrent course); a variability (in cases of child and adolescent schizophrenia). In terminal cases and in cases of apathic-aboulic syndrome the excitibility level is considerably lowered. The results of a study with the aid of TAT (Murray's Thematic Apperception Test and Rorschach's tests) also depend upon the age of the patients, the form and type of development and the stage of the disease.
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PMID:[Uniqueness of certain structural personality prerequisites in schizophrenia]. 117 98

The authors have designed two variants of the "verbal projective test" (VPT) in view of the lack of a projective method genetically similar to the TAT, according to which, however, emotionally saturated, indefinite phrases as regards the content could be used as stimulus material. Theoretically, it could be of special interest in psychopathological cases associated with thinking disorders, as well as "compensate" for the tendency toward TAT aging. Using VPT 19 probands with little progressive neurosis-like schizophrenia and 19 probands with lingering neuroses were examined. The findings were estimated polyfactorially in terms of the main assumptions of TAT interpretation but with a mandatory inclusion into the analysis of the lexico-grammatical evaluation of the stories. It has been established in the course of the work that the leading differences in the delimiting of neuroses and little progressive neurosis-like schizophrenia are emotional disorders (their character and intensity) diagnosed, equally to certain thinking disorders, with the aid of the new method. It has been also shown that the new VPT is fit for analysis of the speech of the persons suffering from various mental disorders.
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PMID:[A new verbal projective method for studying personality]. 133 70

The present study compared the relationship between motivation for intimacy and level of premorbid adjustment for men and women with schizophrenia. A sample of 34 schizophrenic patients (14 male and 20 female) were studied. Stories told in response to six TAT cards were scored for Intimacy Motivation (IM). Levels of Premorbid adjustment (PA) and Asociality (ASOC) were assessed. A statistically significant interaction between gender and level of PA indicated that males with good PA had higher IM than those with poorer whereas females with good PA had lower IM than females with poor PA. The same interaction was obtained for the measure of ASOC. Findings are discussed in relation to sociocultural expectations for women. Some implications for differential treatment needs of male and female schizophrenics are suggested.
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PMID:Gender differences in premorbid social adjustment and intimacy motivation in schizophrenia. 947 6

Available information regarding the clinical features of cannabis-induced psychoses among schizophrenia patients is rather odd and even discrepant. For thorough investigation psychopathology due to marijuana intoxication, we examine two groups of schizophrenia patients. I group--14 patients, who had long history of cannabis use before developing schizophrenia, and II group--schizophrenic patients, who already had schizophrenia and later became marijuana users. Clinical study allowed us to determine the general psychopathological symptoms due to acute intoxication on the one hand, reflecting duration and severity of intoxication, and let us to verify specific mental problems connected to the dynamics of schizophrenia, on the other hand. Peculiar properties of the data of the experimental-psychological tests TAT (Thematic Apperception Test) reflect personality changes generated by schizophrenia progression included the psychopathological phenomenon related to cannabis intoxication. Psychopharmacological treatment brought positive changes in structure and thematic features of the data. The patients used more words. The content and the volume of the stories increased. Trends to improvement were more common for recurrent rather than continuous duration of schizophrenia.
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PMID:[Clinical features of cannabis psychosis in schizophrenia patients]. 1698 Jul 45

Little is known concerning the prognostic significance of manic/mixed episodes in adolescents. In particular, whether the use of psychodynamic-oriented projective psychological testing predicts evolution to schizophrenia at follow-up has not been established. Eighty subjects, aged 12-20years old, consecutively hospitalized for a manic or mixed episode between 1994 and 2003 were recruited. All patients were contacted in 2005-2006 for a follow-up assessment. For the subgroup of adolescents (N=40) who had psychodynamic-oriented psychological testing (Rorschach and TAT), two scores regarding psychosocial risk and schizophrenia risk were computed using the clinical global impression (CGI) assessment based on an overall subjective rating given by a panel of expert psychologists who reviewed all protocols. At follow-up (average 8years), 25 (62.5%) patients, 16 females and nine males, were assessed: 14 still had a diagnosis of bipolar disorder; eight changed to schizo-affective disorder and three to schizophrenia. Inter-rater reliability of both CGI-risk scores (psychosocial risk and schizophrenia risk) showed good clinical consensus with intraclass correlation and Kappa scores ranging from 0.53 to 0.75. Univariate analysis showed that CGI-psychosocial risk score (p=0.017), type of index episode (p=0.049) and CGI-schizophrenia risk score (p=0.09) were associated with transition to schizophrenia spectrum disorder at follow-up. Age, sex, socioeconomic status, duration of stay and the presence of psychotic features at index episode were not associated with the transition. We conclude that the CGI assessment appears to be valid to score risk of poor outcome using psychodynamic-oriented psychological testing and that these scores may predict, in part, the transition to schizophrenia in adolescents with a history of manic/mixed episode.
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PMID:Psychodynamic-oriented psychological assessment predicts evolution to schizophrenia at 8-year follow-up in adolescents hospitalized for a manic/mixed episode: interest of an overall subjective rating. 2081 73

The present study was carried out to test our hypothesis that linguistic competence may importantly determine the manifest symptomatology as well as type of schizophrenia and neurosis. A test of linguistic competence constructed by us after two tryouts and consisting of eight subtests, namely colour naming, naming filial relationships and household objects, TAT (mean lengh of utterance and total number of morphenes), picture arrangement, temporal and spatial relationships, similarities and vocabulary was administered to 15 patients each of acute, paranoid and chronic schizophrenia; manic depressive psychosis; and anxiety, hysterical and obsessive compulsive neurosis. On analysis of variance, the groups differed significantly on household objects, TAT(total morphemes), temporal and spatial relationships and vocabulary. Obsessive compulsive neurotics, paranoid schizophrenics and anxiety neurotics scored highest while chronic schizophrenics and MDP scored lowest on these subtests. The study thus suggests that these illnesses may be phenomenological correlates of high and low linguistic competence, respectively.
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PMID:Correlation of linguistic competence with psychopathology. 2192 3

The protein NOS1AP/CAPON mediates signaling from a protein complex of NMDA receptor, PSD95 and nNOS. The only stroke trial for neuroprotectants that showed benefit to patients targeted this ternary complex. NOS1AP/nNOS interaction regulates small GTPases, iron transport, p38MAPK-linked excitotoxicity, and anxiety. Moreover, the nos1ap gene is linked to disorders from schizophrenia, post-traumatic stress disorder, and autism to cardiovascular disorders and breast cancer. Understanding protein interactions required for NOS1AP function, therefore, has broad implications for numerous diseases. Here we show that the interaction of NOS1AP with nNOS differs radically from the classical PDZ docking assumed to be responsible. The NOS1AP PDZ motif does not bind nNOS as measured by multiple methods. In contrast, full-length NOS1AP forms an unusually stable interaction with nNOS. We mapped the discrepancy between full-length and C-terminal PDZ motif to a novel internal region we call the ExF motif. The C-terminal PDZ motif, although neither sufficient nor necessary for binding, nevertheless promotes the stability of the complex. It therefore potentially affects signal transduction and suggests that functional interaction of nNOS with NOS1AP might be targetable at two distinct sites. We demonstrate that excitotoxic pathways can be regulated, in cortical neuron and organotypic hippocampal slice cultures from rat, either by the previously described PDZ ligand TAT-GESV or by the ExF motif-bearing region of NOS1AP, even when lacking the critical PDZ residues as long as the ExF motif is intact and not mutated. This previously unrecognized heterodivalent interaction of nNOS with NOS1AP may therefore provide distinct opportunities for pharmacological intervention in NOS1AP-dependent signaling and excitotoxicity.
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PMID:Unexpected Heterodivalent Recruitment of NOS1AP to nNOS Reveals Multiple Sites for Pharmacological Intervention in Neuronal Disease Models. 2597 65


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