Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0036341 (schizophrenia)
 60,220 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Eleven schizophrenic patients and nine normal controls were studied using in vivo 31Phosphorous magnetic resonance spectroscopy (31P MRS) to test the hypothesis of metabolic asymmetry in the temporal lobes in schizophrenia. The controls did not demonstrate any asymmetry of phosphorous metabolite ratios, percentage of phosphorous metabolites, or pH. In the schizophrenics, however, phosphocreatine/beta-adenosine triphosphate (PCr/beta-ATP) and phosphocreatine/inorganic phosphate (PCr/Pi) effects appeared to primarily reflect higher ratios on the right side, while the percentage of beta-ATP appeared to primarily reflect higher relative concentrations in the left temporal lobe. Moreover, significant negative correlations were noted between total Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale scores and PCr/beta-ATP in both the right and left temporal lobes. These results support the hypothesis of an asymmetric distribution of 31P metabolites in the temporal lobe of schizophrenic patients, and also show an association between temporal lobe phosphorous metabolism and the severity of psychiatric symptomatology.
 ...
PMID:31Phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the temporal lobes in schizophrenia. 139 Dec 94

In vivo 31Phosphorous magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (31P MRSI) was performed on 18 chronic schizophrenic patients and 14 normal controls to determine if there was asymmetry of high-energy phosphorous metabolism in the temporal lobes of schizophrenic patients. Temporal lobe phosphorous metabolites were also correlated with severity of psychiatric symptomatology as assessed by the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS). Schizophrenics demonstrated significantly higher right relative to left temporal phosphocreatine/adenosine triphosphate (PCr/ATP), phosphocreatine/inorganic phosphate (PCr/Pi), and PCr as well as significantly lower right relative to left temporal ATP. There were no asymmetries of temporal lobe phosphorous metabolites in the control group. In addition, both left temporal PCr and the degree of asymmetry of temporal lobe PCr were highly correlated with the thinking disturbance subscale of the BPRS. This study provides further support for temporal lobe metabolic asymmetry in schizophrenia and its possible association with clinical symptoms.
 ...
PMID:Asymmetry of temporal lobe phosphorous metabolism in schizophrenia: a 31phosphorous magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging study. 749 21

In vivo 31Phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (31P MRSI) was performed on 20 chronic schizophrenic patients and 16 normal controls to determine if there were specific changes in high energy phosphorus and phospholipid metabolism in the frontal lobes of schizophrenic patients. Phosphorous metabolites were assessed in each of the left and right frontal as well as the left and right parietal lobes. Frontal lobe phosphorous metabolites were also correlated with severity of psychiatric symptomatology as assessed by the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS). Schizophrenics demonstrated higher phosphodiesters (PDE) and lower phosphocreatine (PCr) in both the left and right frontal regions compared to controls. There was also lower left frontal inorganic phosphate (Pi) in the schizophrenic group. No group differences were noted in the left or right parietal regions. In addition, right frontal PDE and right frontal PCr were highly correlated with the hostility-suspiciousness and anxiety-depression subscales of the BPRS. This study provides further support for altered frontal lobe phosphorous metabolism in schizophrenia.
 ...
PMID:31phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the frontal and parietal lobes in chronic schizophrenia. 782 12

Focal brain damage occurring early in development can have widespread repercussions throughout the developing brain. In living adult rhesus monkeys, we studied the long-term effects of early mesial temporo-limbic (MTL) lesions on prefrontal cortex (PFC) neurons using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (1H-MRSI), an in vivo neurochemical assay technique for measuring signals from metabolites such as N-acetyl-aspartate (NAA, a neuronal marker), choline-containing compounds (CHO) and creatine + phosphocreatine (CRE). Six monkeys (NL) had undergone surgical ablation of MTL structures within 3 weeks of birth, six monkeys received the same lesion at approximately 5 years of age and six monkeys were normal controls. We found significant bilateral reductions of NAA relative signals exclusively in the PFC of the NL group in comparison with either of the other groups. Our results indicate that neonatal MTL damage specifically affects PFC neurons of adult monkeys as indicated by a reduction of NAA. The basis of this effect involves developmental processes as implicated by two arguments: analogous damage during adulthood does not have the same effect; NAA in the healthy brain increases during development. This finding may have implications for understanding developmental aspects of prefrontal-temporolimbic connectivity, and the reduction of NAA levels observed in prefrontal cortex of patients with schizophrenia.
 ...
PMID:Altered development of prefrontal neurons in rhesus monkeys with neonatal mesial temporo-limbic lesions: a proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging study. 940 38

Using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (1H-MRSI) we found in a previous study a specific pattern of neuronal pathology in patients with schizophrenia as determined by relative loss of signal from N-acetyl-containing compounds (NAA). The purpose of the present study was to assess the reproducibility of the results of 1H-MRSI both in patients with schizophrenia and in normal controls. We studied twice 10 patients and 10 controls on 2 days separated by, on average, 3 months. Reproducibility was assessed with several statistical procedures including ANOVA, coefficients of variation (CVs) and intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC). Patients showed significant reductions of NAA/creatine-phosphocreatine (CRE) and NAA/choline-containing compounds (CHO) selectively in the hippocampal region (HIPPO) and in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) on both experimental days. A repeated measures ANOVA showed no effect of time on metabolite ratios in all subjects. CVs were fairly low (especially for NAA/CRE and CHO/CRE) and did not differ significantly between patients and controls. The ICCs of the ROIs reached statistical significance only in a few instances. The present multislice 1H-MRSI study shows that: (1) patients with schizophrenia, when compared as a group to normal controls, show a consistent 1H-MRSI pattern of group differences, i.e., bilateral reductions of NAA/CRE and NAA/CHO in HIPPO and DLPFC; (2)1H-MRSI data in both patients and controls do not show significant changes over this 90-day period; however, absolute metabolite ratios in individuals show low predictability over this time interval; (3) 1H-MRSI data show relatively low variability (as measured by the CVs) both in patients and normal controls, especially for NAA/CRE and CHO/CRE.
 ...
PMID:Reproducibility of proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging in patients with schizophrenia. 940 13

Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) is a non-invasive functional imaging technique that can measure various brain tissue metabolites such as N-acetylaspartate (NAA), choline (Cho), creatine-phosphocreatine (Cr), myo-inositol (mI) and other metabolites. Morphological studies have indicated the pons and cerebellum as possible sites of abnormal functioning in schizophrenic patients. This study examines schizophrenic patients for the presence of abnormalities in proton MRS (1H-MRS) measured metabolites in two regions of the posterior fossa. Twelve schizophrenic patients and eight non-schizophrenic control subjects were studied by measuring the ratios of NAA/Cr, Cho/Cr and mI/Cr from 1H-spectra obtained from the pons and right or left cerebellum using an integrated MRI/MRS protocol. Spectra were obtained from a voxel in the pons and voxels from the left and/or right lateral cerebellum. Data were analyzed in the absorption mode and fitted to Lorentzian lineshapes using a Marquart algorithm. Significantly lower NAA/Cr ratios were found in the pons of schizophrenic patients than in the control subjects, but not in the cerebellum. This study is the first to measure brain tissue metabolites using 1H-MRS in the pons and cerebellum of schizophrenic patients. Significant alterations of 1H-MRS metabolites may suggest the involvement of the posterior fossa as a part of the pathological substrate underlying schizophrenia.
 ...
PMID:Single-voxel proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the pons and cerebellum in patients with schizophrenia: a preliminary study. 987 Apr 14

Quantitative proton MR spectroscopy (MRS) and proton-decoupled phosphorus MRS were applied in the parietal cortex of 13 schizophrenic subjects (11 drug-treated and 2 neuroleptic-naive) and 15 normal control subjects. Significantly increased concentrations of glycerophosphorylcholine (1.18 +/- 0.16 vs. 0.93 +/- 0.14 mmol/kg brain; p < 0.001), glycerophosphoethanolomine (0.70 +/- 0.19 vs. 0.59 +/- 0.07 mmol/kg; p < 0.04), and phosphocreatine (3.73 +/- 0.39 vs. 3.41 +/- 0.13 mmol/kg; p < 0.007), but no differences in N-acetylaspartate, total creatine, or myo-inositol, were determined in treated schizophrenic subjects. Identical abnormalities were found in two neuroleptic-naive patients. These results provide new evidence of disordered cerebral membrane and high energy phosphate metabolism in schizophrenia.
 ...
PMID:Quantitative proton-decoupled 31P MRS of the schizophrenic brain in vivo. 1009 36

Phosphorus-31 magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((31)P-MRS) has gained much interest in schizophrenia research in recent years since it allows the non-invasive measurement of high-energy phosphates and phospholipids in vivo. However, until now only differences in metabolite concentrations between certain brain areas of schizophrenic patients and healthy controls have been examined. We investigated the influence of gender on the concentrations of different phosphorus compounds. For this purpose, well-defined volumes in the frontal lobe of 32 healthy controls and 51 schizophrenic in-patients were examined with an image selected in vivo spectroscopy (ISIS) sequence on a whole-body scanner at 1.5 T. Healthy females exhibited increased values of inorganic phosphate (P(i)) and decreased values of phosphocreatine (PCr) in comparison to their male counterparts. In schizophrenic patients such gender differences were not present. Thus, the results can be interpreted in the sense that frontal energy demanding processes are enhanced in female compared to male healthy volunteers; schizophrenia seems to reduce these gender differences.
 ...
PMID:Frontal lobe in vivo (31)P-MRS reveals gender differences in healthy controls, not in schizophrenics. 1066 40

Brain imaging studies have indicated that the medial temporal lobe functions aberrantly in schizophrenic patients. Both diagnostic subtype and gender may affect functional and morphologic abnormalities in this region. We investigated subtype- and gender-associated differences in metabolites in the left medial temporal lobe in 40 medicated schizophrenic patients by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy and compared findings with those in 40 healthy control subjects. Peaks corresponding to N-acetylaspartate (NAA), choline-containing compounds (Cho), creatine-phosphocreatine (Cr), and inositol were measured. Schizophrenic patients showed a decrease in the NAA/Cr ratio in the left medial temporal lobe, and patients with the disorganized subtype of illness showed significantly lower NAA/Cr and Cho/Cr ratios than those with paranoid schizophrenia. The NAA/Cr ratio in patients with the undifferentiated subtype also was significantly lower than in the paranoid subtype. No significant associations were observed between metabolite ratios and clinical symptom scores, age at onset of illness, or gender. These findings suggest that patients with the disorganized and undifferentiated subtypes have greater impairments in neuronal integrity or function in the left medial temporal lobe than patients with other subtypes of schizophrenia.
 ...
PMID:Subtype-associated metabolite differences in the temporal lobe in schizophrenia detected by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. 1068 59

The authors performed a MRSI study of the anterior cingulate gyrus in 19 schizophrenic patients under stable medication and 16 controls in order to corroborate previous findings of reduced NAA in the anterior cingulate region in schizophrenia. Furthermore, correlations between NAA in the anterior cingulate gyrus and age or illness duration have been determined. A decreased NAA signal was found in the anterior cingulate gyrus of patients compared to controls. Subdividing the patient group into two groups depending on medication revealed that the group of patients receiving a typical neuroleptic medication showed a lower mean NAA in comparison to the group of patients receiving atypical antipsychotic drugs. No significant group differences in the creatine and phosphocreatine signal or the signal from choline-containing compounds were found. The NAA signal significantly correlated with age, and therefore, individual NAA values were corrected for the age effect found in the control group. The age-corrected NAA signal in schizophrenia correlated significantly with the duration of illness. The detected correlations of NAA decrease with age and illness duration are consistent with recent imaging studies where progressing cortical atrophy in schizophrenia was found. Further studies will be needed to corroborate a possible favorable effect of atypical antipsychotics on the NAA signal.
 ...
PMID:Effects of age, medication, and illness duration on the N-acetyl aspartate signal of the anterior cingulate region in schizophrenia. 1072 16


1 2 3 4 Next >>