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Query: UMLS:C0036341 (schizophrenia)
 60,220 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

75 recently admitted female psychiatric inpatients were given the rod-and-frame task and the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI). All patients with an admission diagnosis of schizophrenia, organic brain syndrome, or a reported history of alcoholism or previous electroconvulsive therapy were excluded from the study. Personality disturbance, as measured by the MMPI, for the remaining 75 patients, was significantly less severe for extremely high-error (field dependent) rod-and-frame performers than for other patients in the sample. Hospital records and performance on self-rating scales showed, however, that patients with a high rate of error on rod-and-frame performance were subjectively as uncomfortable as the others tested. Results are discussed in terms of the possible contribution of perceptual impairment to the psychological complaints made by these individuals.
Percept Mot Skills 1982 Jun
PMID:Rod-and-frame and MMPI scores for a group of female psychiatric inpatients. 709 3

Disturbances in attention are among the most frequent cognitive abnormalities in schizophrenia. Recent research has suggested that some schizophrenics have difficulty with visual tracking, which is suggestive of attentional deficits. To investigate differential visual-search performance by schizophrenics, 15 chronic undifferentiated and 15 paranoid schizophrenics were compared with 15 normals on two tests measuring visual search in a systematic and an unsystematic stimulus mode. Chronic schizophrenics showed difficulty with both kinds of visual-search tasks. In contrast, paranoids had only a deficit in the systematic visual-search task. Their ability for visual search in an unsystematized stimulus array was equivalent to that of normals. Although replication and cross-validation is needed to confirm these findings, it appears that the two tests of visual search may provide a useful ancillary method for differential diagnosis between these two types of schizophrenia.
Percept Mot Skills 1981 Oct
PMID:Visual search performance by paranoid and chronic undifferentiated schizophrenics. 731 27

A probe technique requiring convergent and divergent semantic behavior and representing five levels of communicative responsibility served as the research tool. Stimuli were presented to 29 asphasic adults (13 Broca's, 7 Wernicke's, and 9 anomic), 26 adults with chronic undifferentiated schizophrenia, and 32 normal elderly control subjects. Within each group significant differences were observed on the semantic task (convergent and divergent) and on level of communicative responsibility. Among subjects with aphasia, differences appeared to relate more to severity than type. Differences between unclassified aphasic and "schizophasic" groups occurred only when multiword responses were required. We conclude that continued use of the term "schizophasia" may be unwarranted and that the linguistic behaviors we observed in aphasia and the language of schizophrenia may contribute to differential diagnosis.
Percept Mot Skills 1994 Oct
PMID:Communicative responsibility and semantic task in aphasia and "schizophasia". 753 52

Styles of adaptation to the Stroop task were studied with the Serial Color-Word Test among 50 schizophrenic patients and 50 sex- and age-matched clinical controls. Measures of linear (R) and nonlinear change (V) in reading times were derived for each of the five interference trials. Schizophrenia was significantly characterized by (1) a high sum of nonlinear change, (2) the Cumulative-Dissociative pattern (high R and high V), (3) concomitantly high secondary Vs (V of the 5 Rs and V of the 5 Vs), and (4) Cumulative-Dissociative secondary patterns (gradual increase of both linear and nonlinear change on both the 5 Rs and the 5 Vs).
Percept Mot Skills 1994 Aug
PMID:Microgenetic styles of regulation in schizophrenia. 780 83

Numerous studies have shown impaired verbal functioning in schizophrenic patients as compared with normals. The verbal deficits are generally attributed to damage of the left cerebral hemisphere. This attribution is based on literature which suggests that verbal processing is primarily mediated by the left hemisphere in right-handed humans. This study explored left-hemispheric integrity directly by assessing sustained attention in both the left and right hemispheres of 40 schizophrenic patients with the Weintraub Cancellation Tasks. Patients made significantly more errors of omission on the right visual field than on the left. These results are consistent with cognitive research in schizophrenia by demonstrating selective left-hemispheric impairment relative to right-hemispheric functioning.
Percept Mot Skills 1994 Aug
PMID:Lateralized visual-field inattention in schizophrenia. 780 13

24 psychotic-spectrum adolescents were compared with 23 conduct-disordered adolescents on a self-other drawing differentiation task. Of the 24 psychotic-spectrum disordered adolescents, 14 received the diagnosis of Psychotic Disorder NOS (Group 1) and the remaining 10 had diagnoses of Schizophrenia, Bipolar Disorder with Psychotic Features, and Schizoaffective Disorder (Group 2). Interestingly, less impaired adolescents (Groups 1 and 3, the conduct-disordered group) showed significantly more difficulty than the more impaired adolescents (Group 2) on self-other differentiation as measured by their differentiated drawings.
Percept Mot Skills 1993 Apr
PMID:Self-other differentiation among psychotic and conduct-disordered adolescents as measured by human figure drawings. 848 45

Styles of regulation were assessed with the Serial Color-Word Test in a group of 35 compensated DSM-III--R bipolar patients (Bipolar) and in 3 control groups: Major Depression (n = 35), Schizophrenia (n = 50), and self-rated Personality Disorder (n = 40). On several measures of nonlinear change (V), patients in the Bipolar group had mean scores between those of the Personality Disorder and the Schizophrenic groups, and overlapped with those of the Major Depression group. Patients in the Bipolar group with clearcut temperaments (hyperthymic or depressive) were significantly more dissociative and less stabilized than other patients in the same group. A further group of nonclinical subjects with hyperthymic temperament (n = 20) was significantly more dissociative than the Personality Disorder group.
Percept Mot Skills 1995 Oct
PMID:Styles of regulation in the bipolar spectrum. 857 Mar 35

Hitherto available studies on the percept-genetic defensive organization of Schizophrenia have not distinguished between acute and chronic stages of the disorder. The present research with the Defense Mechanism Test included 30 chronic inpatients with several years of hospitalization and with acceptable perceptual thresholds. Compared with 30 sex- and age-matched nonschizophrenic psychiatric control patients, schizophrenics resorted significantly more often to (a) regression, (b) disappearance of the peripheral figure, (c) introjection (wrong sex attribution to the hero), and (d) significantly less often to the most mature variants of repression. In a further comparison of a subgroup of 16 women schizophrenic patients and a matched group of melancholic inpatients, the findings on regression, introjection, and repression were replicated.
Percept Mot Skills 1996 Apr
PMID:Percept-genetic codings of defense in chronic schizophrenia. 872 20

The cognitive deficits associated with schizophrenia commonly include impairment in attention, which may contribute to difficulties with learning, memory, and executive function. This study evaluated the effectiveness of computer-aided training of attentional skills in schizophrenia. Two groups of schizophrenic subjects (9 men and 1 woman) were matched for age, estimated premorbid IQ, and positive and negative symptom scores. Both groups were assessed using a battery of attentional tests. Subjects then received either six 1-hr. computer-aided cognitive rehabilitation sessions (experimental condition) or six sessions of graphics-based computer games (control condition). Both groups were reassessed with attentional measures. There was significant improvement on only one test, a letter-cancellation task. This improvement was evident in both groups suggesting that this was a practise effect. Apart from the letter-cancellation test, subjects undertaking the computer-aided rehabilitation treatment did not show significant improvement on any attentional tasks.
Percept Mot Skills 1997 Dec
PMID:Computer-aided cognitive rehabilitation: possible application to the attentional deficit of schizophrenia, a report of negative results. 939 9

Polygraphic recordings was used to assess laughing and smiling, and results were compared for 34 normal controls, 24 schizophrenic patients, and 15 depressive patients. The schizophrenic and the depressive patients showed reduced "laughs of pleasure," i.e., laughing in reaction to a comic video assessed by laughing score; however, the depressive patients in remission showed the same laughing reaction as the controls. "Smiles as social signals" during interviews were reduced for the schizophrenic patients but remained for the depressive patients. There was a tendency for greater reduction of both laughing and smiling in disorganized- versus paranoid-type schizophrenia, suggesting that the disturbance of affect might be more severe in the former. These results show the possibility that polygraphic recording of laughing and smiling might be a useful method for investigating the disturbance of affect in schizophrenic and depressive patients.
Percept Mot Skills 1997 Dec
PMID:Polygraphic evaluation of laughing and smiling in schizophrenic and depressive patients. 945 Feb 83


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