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Query: UMLS:C0036341 (schizophrenia)
 60,220 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Pentasomy X mosaic in two adult sisters with non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus is described. The younger sister had schizophrenia, and both were mentally retarded, but no apparent somatic abnormalities were found. Chromosome analyses revealed karyotype 45,X/46,XX/47,XXX/48,XXXX/49,XXXXX mosaic with a low frequency of aneuploidy on cultured peripheral lymphocytes and 46,XX on cultured skin fibroblasts in both sisters. The low frequency of X chromosome aberration may be responsible for the lack of somatic abnormalities and the long life in both sisters. The association of pentasomy X mosaicism and diabetes mellitus however appears to be coincidental.
Intern Med 1992 Sep
PMID:Pentasomy X mosaic in two adult sisters with diabetes mellitus. 142 17

Clozapine is an atypical neuroleptic agent that has recently become available in Canada with potential clinical efficacy in the treatment of refractory schizophrenia, and in patients with schizophrenia neurologically intolerant to conventional neuroleptics. Although it causes few extra-pyramidal symptoms, the drug has a number of other adverse effects including a risk of agranulocytosis in one to two percent of all patients. Because of this, the use of the drug is permitted only if the white blood count is monitored weekly. The monitoring system, outlined in this article, requires a coordinated effort between clinical staff, pharmacy, laboratory and the Clozaril Support and Assistance Network. Clinical guidelines are proposed, detailing the indications and contraindications for treatment and the pharmacokinetics, dosing, adverse effects, and drug interactions with clozapine. In addition, the economics, government policies and implications for future research are considered. Although there are administrative and clinical difficulties associated with its use, clozapine represents an advance in therapeutic research. Patients and family members will be inquiring about the drug and may deserve a trial. This article aims to inform Canadian mental health professionals about the safe and beneficial use of clozapine.
Can J Psychiatry 1992 Sep
PMID:Clozapine in the treatment of refractory schizophrenia: Canadian policies and clinical guidelines. 142 46

A total of 196 nonspecialty state hospitals in the U.S. each identified one patient--referred to as the hospital's "worst" recidivist--admitted to the hospital in 1987 who had the most lifetime admissions to that hospital. Persons admitted for mental retardation or substance abuse detoxification were excluded. The mean age of the recidivists was 42.2 years; their mean age at first admission was 24.7. The number of admissions per patient ranged from five to 121, with a mean of 31. Compared with the national population of state hospital admissions, significantly larger proportions of recidivists had diagnoses of schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and personality disorder. More research is needed to determine actual community tenure of patients who receive revolving-door care and whether alternative approaches would be more effective.
Hosp Community Psychiatry 1992 Sep
PMID:A report on the "worst" state hospital recidivists in the U.S. 142 98

Thirty cases of post-partum psychotic disorders occurred between 1973 and 1987 and hospitalized at the Psychiatric Ward of Florence University were studied and followed up. A structured diagnostic interview was used, which explored DSM Ill-R diagnosis both for mood disorders and for psychotic features. The psychotic symptoms had started within 8 weeks of parturition in all cases. Only 36.7% of the patients showed no subsequent pathology after the puerperal symptoms. The diagnoses, both at the index episode and at the follow-up, revealed a great predominance of mood disorders and the absence of schizophrenia. The follow-up survey showed a greater proportion of bipolar disorders than it appeared at the puerperal onset of the disease. A high frequency of puerperal psychotic relapses has also occurred after subsequent deliveries during the follow-up period.
J Affect Disord 1992 Sep
PMID:Puerperal psychoses: a clinical case study with follow-up. 143 Jun 65

Forty-three-year-old man with schizophrenia, who had been diagnosed as chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) and had been treated with hydroxyurea for 3 months, developed blastic crisis. The cytochemical study of the blastic cells showed POX (+), SBB (+) and TdT (+). The surface marker analysis revealed that the blastic cells expressed both myeloid (CD13, 33) and lymphoid (CD10, 19) markers. In the chromosomal analysis, additional chromosomal abnormality (11q+) was detected in all cells analysed (20/20) in addition to the standard type Ph1 chromosome. He was diagnosed as bi-phenotypic blastic crisis, and vincristine-prednisolone therapy was started. Initially, he responded to VP therapy well, but gradually became refractory to the therapy after 5 courses of VP. As many myeloblasts containing azurophilic granules were seen in the bone marrow after VP therapy, low dose Ara-C therapy was combined to VP. After 21 days of low dose Ara-C and VP, the percentage of the blast in the BM was significantly decreased and normal myeloid differentiation was observed after transient BM suppression. The chromosomal analysis showed the partial reappearance of standard Ph1 chromosome in 55% of the cells analyzed (11/20). Taken together, our data suggested that the combination of VP and low-dose Ara-C therapy might have some therapeutic benefit for the treatment of the CML with blastic crisis.
Rinsho Ketsueki 1992 Sep
PMID:[Treatment of CML with blastic crisis by the combination therapy of VP and low-dose Ara-C]. 143 49

Factors influencing prognosis and relapse in schizophrenia were investigated systematically. The results agreed with Jacksonism. Data were collected from 166 patients who suffered relapses and were readmitted to Hospital, into seven categories from Nov 15, 1971 to Dec 31, 1974. The psychiatric symptoms were classified from A to G, positive to negative. The initial symptoms were divided into 4 groups. There was interrelation between the somatic and psychiatric symptoms; in the initial symptoms and the prognosis, courses, and psychiatric symptoms. Based on the author's results, the author suggests that an evolutional and hierarchical interpretation, which Jackson emphasized, in the correlation between brain and mind is applicable in the psychopathology of schizophrenia.
Keio J Med 1992 Sep
PMID:Positive and negative symptoms in schizophrenia: application of Jacksonism. 143 12

Two major pharmacological classes of dopamine receptors exist in the central nervous system. These receptors have been designated as D1 or D2 based upon their differing pharmacology and influence on the cyclic AMP second messenger system. Different genes for the D1 and D2 dopamine receptors have been isolated and are found to be expressed in high abundance. Within the neostriatum, however the cellular distribution of the dopamine receptors is equivocal. Dopamine receptors are the targets for drugs used to treat neurological dysfunctions such as Parkinson's disease and schizophrenia, and thus knowledge of their specific cellular location is important for devising future therapeutic manipulations. Using retrograde labeling methods combined with immunofluorescence of various receptor amino acid sequences, this study has examined the postsynaptic distribution of striatal D2 dopamine receptors. We have found that the D2 dopamine receptor can be visualized on a minimum of 60% of the neurons projecting from the neostriatum to the substantia nigra. However, some 65% of all D2 receptor positive cells are represented by other intrinsic neurons of this basal ganglia nucleus.
Neurosci Lett 1992 Sep 14
PMID:D2 dopamine receptor localization on striatonigral neurons. 143 5

It has been proposed that the autonomic nervous system is dysregulated in schizophrenia. We hypothesized that measures of autonomic function, even during neuroleptic stabilization, might predict relapse following withdrawal of medication. Previously, shorter latencies to maximum pupillary constriction have been reported to differentiate acutely hospitalized schizophrenic patients from control subjects. Pupillary light reactions were recorded weekly from 19 chronic schizophrenic inpatients who were initially maintained on haloperidol and subsequently were withdrawn from medication under double-blind, placebo-controlled conditions. Patients were then classified as either relapsed or nonrelapsed (clinically stable) during the drug-free period. During the treatment phase, a shorter latency to maximum pupillary constriction significantly distinguished patients who were later to relapse from the nonrelapsers. The potential use of autonomic activity as an indicator of prodromal sensitivity was supported. In addition, these findings emphasize the need for classification of drug-free patients according to clinical status.
Psychiatry Res 1992 Sep
PMID:Pupillary constriction during haloperidol treatment as a predictor of relapse following drug withdrawal in schizophrenic patients. 143 25

Psychiatry Demography Unit of Psychiatric Center Prague is one of the participating sites in the transcultural study on Long-term Course and Outcome of Schizophrenia coordinated by World Health Organization (WHO). The aim of the project is to learn more about factors predicting the long-term course and outcome and to investigate socio-cultural differences in schizophrenic patients. The present research builds upon the earlier WHO coordinated studies: International Pilot Study of Schizophrenia (IPSS) carried out in 1968-1969 in 13 centers including Czechoslovakia (N = 1202) and Study on Determinants of Outcome of Severe Mental Disorder (DOSMed) taken place between 1978-1980. The finding of IPSS and DOSMed were notable: incidence of narrowly defined schizophrenia did not vary greatly across cultures in opposite of the variation of short term outcome of illness that was more favourable in developing than in industrialized nations. The present follow-up study of the DOSMed and the IPSS patients (after 14 and 24 years) allow the examination of a large enough sample in a relatively short time and facilitate the development of new instruments, which provide a unique opportunity of their further cultural valid application for our center.
Cesk Psychiatr 1992 Sep
PMID:[An international study of the course and outcome of schizophrenia coordinated by the World Health Organization]. 145 Dec 3

The Wickens (1970) modification of the Brown-Peterson short-term memory task has been used to investigate release from proactive interference (PI) in a number of memory-impaired groups. It has been suggested that failure to release from PI is observed only in patients with compromise of both memory and 'frontal-lobe' functions. The present study examined performance on this paradigm in patients with schizophrenia (SC), a neuropsychiatric disorder which typically includes both frontal and mnemonic impairments. Patients with SC were found to exhibit significantly less release from PI than normal controls. It was determined through correlational analyses that average Trial 1 performance on this task could predict performance on all subsequent trials, indicating that 'release' from PI may measure the same psychological process as the Brown-Peterson task, which does not include a release condition. Trial 1 performance in the SC group was correlated with a wide range of neuropsychological measures, but after the effect of full scale IQ was partialled out, only correlations with measures of memory and measures of frontal-lobe function remained significant. The results support previous formulations of the neuropsychological concomitants of release from PI, but suggest that failure to release on this paradigm may be secondary to a significant compromise of the ability to perform the Brown-Peterson task. It is proposed that the experimental design constraints necessary to elicit a failure to release from PI in any patient group may limit the utility of this measure, and that Brown-Peterson performance may be a more reliable index of the neuropsychological functions involved.
J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 1992 Sep
PMID:Release from proactive interference: determinants of performance and neuropsychological correlates. 147 46


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