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Query: UMLS:C0036341 (schizophrenia)
 60,220 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In previous examinations of twins the author found that, surprisingly, "systematic schizophrenias" did not occur in identical twins, whereas they did in binovular twins. Even though the term systematic schizophrenia may not be accepted, the results, in any case, remain valid because they are based on a classification that had been defined and described prior to the present investigation. From the findings in twins the question arised as to whether the constellation of siblings who are not twins might also be significant in preventing the outbreak of systematic schizophrenias. Therefore, in a sample of 500 patients examined earlier we stated how many siblings, older siblings, younger siblings, brothers, sisters were to be found in systematic schizophrenias and their special types. There were many findings, in part being statistically significant, in part suggesting, at least, that they be taken into consideration. As a result of the findings it seems clear that sibling constellations are important for the origin of systematic schizophrenias. Thus, whereas psychosocial factors proved prominent, we found the heredity rate especially low in these forms of schizophrenia.
Arch Psychiatr Nervenkr (1970) 1976 Sep 17
PMID:[Significance of sibling constellations for the origin of systematic schizophrenias (author's transl)]. 98 54

Statistically significant correlations were revealed between the following: the percentage content in the lymphocyte cultures of patients suffering from schizophrenia of cells responding to stimulation with phytohemagglutinin (PHA) by DNA synthesis, and the percentage in the white blood cell cultures of healthy donors of lymphocytes failing to respond to the PHA stimulation by the DNA synthesis as a result of cultivation of these cells in a medium containing the blood serum (20%) of schizophrenic patients. Similar correlation was revealed between the percentage content in cultures of the white blood cells of schizophrenic patients of adhesive lymphocytes and the percentage of adhesive lymphocytes in the white blood cell cultures of healthy donors in cultivation of these cells in a medium containing the blood serum (20%) of schizophrenic patients. The data obtained confirmed a supposition that the altered physiological condition of the peripheral blood lymphocytes of patients suffering from schizophrenia was caused by the factors contained in the blood serum of these patients.
Biull Eksp Biol Med 1976 Sep
PMID:[Serum humoral factors--cause of the altered physiologic state of peripheral blood lymphocytes in schizophrenic patients]. 99 Apr 55

This study compared repeat gonorrhea patients with nonrepeat patients and control patients not having venereal disease. Focus was given to current intellectual and personality attributes as well as a broad spectrum of background factors in social, familial, educational, and sexual history. One-tailed t-tests were computed on the myriad permutations of patient group and the multiple derived scores from the personality and intellectual assessments. The results show no significant differences between the patients having their first infection of VD and the patients with repeat VD; however, when these 2 groups are pooled and compared with the controls, the VD patients are significantly higher on the depression, schizophrenia, psychasthenia, hysteria, and psychopathic scales. A similar pattern exists on reasoning ability and internal versus external locus of control. The VD patients are seen to perceive themselves as much more externally controlled than do the controls. It is concluded that the VD patients might profit from psychologic treatment; such treatment resources might aid not only in the control of repeat infections but in the general social integration of the patients.
J Am Vener Dis Assoc 1976 Sep
PMID:Sociopsychiatric characteristic of clinic patrons with repeat gonorrhea infections. 101 Jul 64

On the basis of clinico-catamnestical studies of 72 patients with adolescen schizophrenia and dysmorphophobic disturbances the author distinguished 3 variants of the outcome of such conditions. The clinical picture was in correlation with the degree of progressiveness of the disease and the type of development. Some prognostic criteria concerning the development of the disease are given. In favour of a relatively favourable prognosis of dysmorphophobic conditions spoke the following phenomena: a monothematical character of dysmorphophobia, its nondelusional state, the absence of focal cenesthopathy and olfactorial hallucinations, a proximity of the content of dysmorphophobia to pubertal psychological signs, a connection between the exacerbation periods with depressive states, an undulating charcter of dysmorphophobic symptoms during adolescence and the oneset of the disease with psycheastheno-like disturbances. An unfavourable prognosis was characterized by a delusional character of dysmorphophobic disturbances, bizzare delusional hypochondric systems, including dysmorphophobia, ideas of reference, cenesthopathy, tactile and olfactory hallucinations, an insignificant dependence of dysmorphophobia from affective disorders and early appearing distinct personality changes.
Zh Nevropatol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 1976 Sep
PMID:[Prognosis of juvenile schizophrenia with dysmorphophobic disorders (according to catamnestic findings)]. 101 44

The authors compared 2 types of defective states with a predominance of the syndrome of monotonous activity in the structure of a protracted remission in shift-like schizophrenia. Of the syndrome of monotonous activity of the 1st type the following conditions were most characteristic: autistic activity; a selective attraction to certain forms of work despite their relative high degree of organization and complexity; hyperactivity which was next to an overvalued approach to work. The 2nd type was characterized by a passive attitude to work, a significant restriction of forms of work and machine-like, similar to stereotypicity, character of activity.
Zh Nevropatol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 1976 Sep
PMID:[Typology of defective states with a syndrome of monotonous activity in schizophrenic patients (problem of late remissions)]. 101 46

Lack of acknowledgment, a characteristic of the direct interactions of families of schizophrenics, was found also to characterize the Family Rorschach interactions of families whose disturbed, non-psychotic adolescents were assessed at high risk for schizophrenia on the basis of parental communication deviance. The same high-risk families had unbalanced interaction patterns as reflected in three measures of family structure.
Fam Process 1976 Sep
PMID:Lack of acknowledgment in the family Rorschachs of families with a child at risk for schizophrenia. 102 47

Catechol-O-Methyltransferase (COMT) activity was studied in three groups of institutionalized children: (1) a group of schizophrenic children; (2) a heterogeneous group of chronic psychotic children characterized by severe symptomatology and onset before 5 years of age; (3) a group of acting-out but nonpsychotic children. Erythrocyte COMT activity was found to be significantly lower among the schizophrenic subjects in contrast to the greater activity in both the other groups--the nonpsychotic and chronic psychotic children. The difference in COMT activity between psychotic groups appeared to be related to diagnosis and age of onset of disorder. Generality of findings is limited by the small sample size (N = 42) and by the difficulties inherent in the diagnosis of severe mental disorder in children. However, this preliminary study suggests that enzymatic activity may be associated with the development of schizophrenia in children.
J Autism Child Schizophr 1976 Sep
PMID:Catechol-O-methyltransferase activity in psychotic children. 103 93

Three main biogenic amine hypotheses for the origin of schizophrenia are discussed. The dopamine theory of schizophrenia postulates a pathogenetic connection between the disease and changes in the activity of dopaminergic cells in the brain. The theory is mainly based on findings on the mechanism of action of neuroleptics, on the clinical features and pharmacology of the amphetamine psychosis, and on some amphetamine effects in animals. Several results are in good agreement with the assumption of a state of hyperactivity of central dopamine neurons, whereas others, e.g. the lack of an increased dopamine turnover, are not. According to another theory, schizophrenia is caused by reversible damage to central norepinephrine cells. So far the only empirical basis for this theory is the finding that the activity of dopamine-beta-hydroxylase, a marker enzyme for noradrenaline cells, is lowered in the brains of schizophrenic patients. Thus further confirmation is required. The transmethylation hypotheses assume that hallucinogenic amine metabolites are produced in the body and lead to the appearance of schizophrenic symptoms. Whether or not the occurrence of DMPEA, presumably an oxymethylation product of the dopamine metabolism, is specific for schizophrenics is still open to question; if it is, the meaning of this finding is obscure. Current results leave open the possibility that N-dimethyltryptamine or other N-methylated hallucinogenic biogenic amine metabolites cause the disease; however, this hypothesis is hardly confirmed by positive empirical results.
Schweiz Med Wochenschr 1975 Sep 20
PMID:[Biogenic amines and schizophrenia]. 106 94

An attempt is made to separate different pairs of psychiatric patient groups by means of a modified form of Q factor analysis comparable to discriminant analysis. The psychopathological state of 454 patients had been rated using two psychiatric rating scales, the IMPS (Inpatient Multidimensional Psychiatric Scale) by Lorr et al. and the psychopathological and somatic scales of the AMP documentation system. Out of these patients the four most frequently occurring groups (schizophrenia, paranoid form, n = 45; schizophrenia, unspecified form, n = 47; depressive psychosis, n = 44; depressive neurosis, n = 53) were selected. Each patient group was divided randomly into two samples, an analysis sample and a validation sample. Only those items were selected which discriminated best between any two analysis samples. Using G indices a Q factor analysis was calculated, and the results improved by a criterion-related additional rotation. The resulting weights were transferred to the validation samples in order to have a cross validation. The mean percentage of correct placements within the validation samples was 83%.
Arch Psychiatr Nervenkr (1970) 1975 Sep 18
PMID:[Psychiatric classification by means of a discriminatory application of Q factor analysis (author's transl)]. 118 Jun 90

This investigation has provided evidence against the hypothesis that heterozygous carriers of schizophrenic gene have a reproductive advantage through enhanced fertility. An advantage arising from lower mortality between birth and the end of the reproductive period was not investigated, but should be examined before we search for other explanations of the apparently stable polymorphism of schizophrenia.
Br J Psychiatry 1975 Sep
PMID:Fertility of the sibs of schizophrenic patients. 118 79


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