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Query: UMLS:C0036341 (schizophrenia)
 60,220 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The author discusses the results of a review of controlled studies of treatment approaches to schizophrenia. Although the research evidence strongly supports the efficacy of pharmacotherapy, this finding should not be interpreted as meaning that all schizophrenic patients should receive antipsychotic drugs or that other forms of treatment are unnecessary. The author cautions against doctrinaire attitudes and advocates thoughtful adjustment of goals and methods to meet the needs of the various parties and situations involved in the treatment of the schizophrenic patient.
Am J Psychiatry 1976 Sep
PMID:Rational treatment for an irrational disorder: what does the schizophrenic patient need? 0 98

The purpose of this note is to point out that conclusions drawn in the title paper about the role of logic in the schizophrenia thought process are not reliable, since they are based on patients medicated with antipsychotic drugs. The substance of this note is drawn from the title paper and related literature. The principal conclusion is that Dr. Ho's deductions about the role of logic in schizophrenia follow only if one confuses psychiatric diagnosis with psychotic behavior.
J Genet Psychol 1976 Sep
PMID:On Ho's "modern logic and schizophrenic thinking". 0 70

In 20 psychotic patients with frequent hallucinations and/or actual delusional experience a possible antipsychotic action of the opiate antagonist naloxone (N-allyl-noroxymorphone) was investigated, using a double-blind placebo-controlled cross-over design. 18 of these patients were not treated with neuroleptic drugs; 13 suffered from an acute episode of schizophrenia. Psychopathological changes were assessed by the use of the IMPS-scale and of a symptom-specific rating scale (VBS). Intravenous injection of naloxone (in most cases 4.0 mg) induced a reduction of psychotic symptomatology (especially hallucinations) in the majority of patients. Compared with placebo this effect reached statistical significance within 2-7 hours after injection. From this result a possible involvement of endogenous ligands of opiate receptors in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia may be concluded.
Pharmakopsychiatr Neuropsychopharmakol 1977 Sep
PMID:Indication of an antipsychotic action of the opiate antagonist naloxone. 3 Jan 1

Considerable evidence exists linking dopamine with schizophrenia. Other neurotransmitters including acetylcholine, serotonin and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) are also being implicated. Neurotransmitters act via receptors on brain cells and evidence suggests that antipsychotic drugs exert their therapeutic actions and produce side effects by receptor blockade.
J Clin Psychiatry 1979 Sep
PMID:Mayo Seminars in Psychiatry: dopamine and schizophrenia--a review. 3 63

The antipsychotic actions and extra-pyramidal side-effects of neuroleptic drugs are strongly correlated with their ability to block central dopaminergic transmission. It is argued that the former are more closely related to actions on dopaminergic mechanisms in the "mesolimbic dopamine" system, and the latter to similar actions in the striatum. Although the amphetamine psychosis closely resembles paranoid schizophrenia and may be due to excess dopamine release, clinical, biochemical, and endocrine studies suggest that dopaminergic overactivity is not a necessary concomitant of schizophrenic illnesses. It is suggested that the primary defect in schizophrenia does not lie in the dopamine neuron. It remains to be excluded that the receptors, particularly in the mesolimbic dopamine areas, become supersensitive, or that there is a deficit in a system which normally acts in antiagonism to the to the mesolimbic dopamine system.
Lancet 1976 Sep 11
PMID:Dopamine and schizophrenia. 6 Jun 35

Amphetamine psychosis has been considered to be a pharmacologic model of schizophrenia. Fifteen previously reported cases were reviewed in which experimental induction of amphetamine psychosis occurred in nonschizophrenic drug abusers. Seven (possibly ten) cases manifested Schneider's first rank symptoms and all had World Health Organization Present-State Exam symptoms which discriminated schizophrenia. This observation draws further parallels between the phenomenology of amphetamine psychosis and schizophrenic symptoms.
Psychopharmacology (Berl) 1979 Sep
PMID:Amphetamine psychosis and psychotic symptoms. 11 94

The cost of schizophrenia has been estimated at $11.6 to $19.5 billion annually. About two-thirds of this cost is due to lack of productivity by schizophrenic patients and about one-fifth to treatment costs. The estimate might be considerably higher if better figures were available on the cost of maintaining patients in the community. In the absence of more effective treatment, the savings from the current trend toward shorter hospitalization cannot be expected to decrease-and may actually increase-the overall costs of schizophrenia to society. The authors make recommendations aimed at reducing the cost by helping schizophrenic patients to be more productive through a system of community alternative-care facilities, increased rehabilitation services, aftercare, and research.
Am J Psychiatry 1975 Sep
PMID:The cost of schizophrenia. 16 88

This paper reviews major research developments in the biology of mental illness. Theories concerning schizophrenia and affective disease are shown to be based on the mode of action of drugs discovered in the 1950s and used in the treatment of these disorders. Discovery of the endorphins and the development of a new receptor site neurobiology are shown to have a potential major impact on the future of psychiatric research.
South Med J 1977 Sep
PMID:Biology of psychoses: past research and new frontiers. 33 84

The author reports on studies of the comparative efficacy of ECT, the newer psychotropic drugs, and combinations of both in the treatment of depression and schizophrenia. He concludes that ECT is indicated for acutely suicidal and other severely impaired depressive patients but not necessarily for schizophrenic patients, although ECT has been successful with some schizophrenic patients for whom drugs were ineffective.
Am J Psychiatry 1977 Sep
PMID:Efficacy of ECT in affective and schizophrenic illness. 33 67

Encephalopathy (acute organic brain syndrome) superimposed on functional psychosis may be overlooked because the physician assumes that any exacerbation is due to fluctuation in the psychosis. Correct diagnosis requires a high index of suspicion and a firm knowledge of the signs of encephalopathy. A careful diagnostic approach permits the recognition of encephalopathy and separates it from functional disorders such as schizophrenia.
Am Fam Physician 1979 Sep
PMID:Superimposed encephalopathy in the psychotic patient. 47 61


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