Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0036341 (schizophrenia)
 60,220 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

1. The efficacy of mianserin as a supplement in treating chronic schizophrenia was tested by monitoring the BPRS and plasma monoamine metabolites. 2. Twenty inpatients with schizophrenia were administered fixed doses of neuroleptics throughout the study. 3. A control BPRS scoring and blood sampling were done before mianserin administration. 4. Fixed doses of 60 mg/day of mianserin for 2 weeks and flexible doses for 4 weeks were given orally in an open study for 6 consecutive weeks, and no treatment followed for 1 additional week. 5. BPRS scoring was carried out once weekly, and blood samples were obtained after mianserin treatment. 6. Both total BPRS scores and scores for negative symptoms were decreased by mianserin treatment as compared with the control values. 7. 5-HIAA concentrations of both responding patients and nonresponding patients to mianserin were increased after medication; however, 5-HIAA values of responding patients were lower than those of nonresponding patients. 8. HVA concentrations of the responding group were slightly increased by mianserin administration. 9. There were no significant changes in MHPG levels between the two groups. 10. These results suggest that the negative symptoms of schizophrenia are partly improved by mianserin treatment.
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PMID:Effects of mianserin in chronic schizophrenia. 164 95

We investigated the perceived role of stressful events in episodes of major affective disorder in patients studied in the NIMH Clinical Research Branch Collaborative Program on the Psychobiology of Depression (Biological Studies). Using items from the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia (SADS), episodes were divided into environment-sensitive (high perceived role of stressful events) and autonomous (minimal or no perceived role of stressful events). Patients with environment-sensitive episodes had fewer previous episodes and a longer index episode. The groups did not differ with respect to age, gender, education, socioeconomic group, diagnosis, severity of illness, or eventual response to treatment. Unipolar depressed patients with environment-sensitive episodes had lower CSF 5-HIAA than those with autonomous episodes. Among bipolar depressed patients, those with autonomous episodes had elevated excretion of O-methylated catecholamine metabolites and of epinephrine, while those with environment-sensitive episodes had normal excretion of catecholamines and metabolites. Manic subjects with environment-sensitive episodes had elevated norepinephrine excretion, while this was normal in manics with autonomous episodes. Relationships between environmental sensitivity of affective episodes and neurotransmitter function therefore appear to be related to the type of episode.
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PMID:Stress, depression, and mania: relationship between perceived role of stressful events and clinical and biochemical characteristics. 169 33

The efficacy of mianserin as a supplement in treating chronic schizophrenia was tested in 20 inpatients with schizophrenia who were receiving fixed doses of neuroleptics. Mianserin was given for six weeks with a starting dose of 60 mg/day. A brief psychiatric rating scale (BPRS) was completed before starting mianserin and thereafter BPRS scoring was carried out once weekly. The total BPRS score and the score for negative symptoms were decreased by mianserin treatment as compared to the pre-treatment values. Plasma 5-HIAA concentrations were increased after medication in both responding patients and nonresponding patients. However, the 5-HIAA values of responders were lower than those of nonresponders. Plasma HVA levels were slightly increased by mianserin in the responders. There were no significant changes in MHPG levels. These results suggest that the negative symptoms of schizophrenia may be improved by mianserin treatment.
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PMID:Effects of mianserin on negative symptoms in schizophrenia. 169 92

Compared to healthy controls, unmedicated schizophrenic patients had significantly higher plasma concentrations of taurine, methionine, valine, isoleucine, leucine, phenylalanine, and lysine. Except for taurine, these amino acids share the L-transport system for neutral amino acids. In the patients, homovanillic (HVA) acid levels in CSF were decreased and the plasma levels of the amino acids competing with tyrosine and tryptophan for transport into the brain, were all negatively correlated to the CSF concentrations of HVA and 5-HIAA. These findings could be explained by a change in the affinity of the L-system or by a decrease in its overall capacity in schizophrenia. Raised plasma levels of the competing amino acids may limit the brain uptake of tyrosine, leading to a diminished dopamine turnover, and resulting in a compensatory development of supersensitive dopamine receptors.
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PMID:Plasma amino acids in relation to cerebrospinal fluid monoamine metabolites in schizophrenic patients and healthy controls. 241 98

We have investigated platelet [3H]imipramine binding in normal controls and patients with primary endogenous depression (unipolar and bipolar) or schizophrenia. Absolute Bmax values did not differ between subgroups. However, when circannual variation of binding was taken into account by expressing results as percentages of normalised values derived from the multiple linear regression of Bmax values as a function of time of sampling, schizophrenic patients were found to have higher Bmax than normal controls. There was no significant difference between depressed patients and controls, nor between patients exhibiting plasma cortisol suppression and non-suppression after the dexamethasone suppression test. A significant negative correlation was found between relative Bmax values and cerebrospinal 5-HIAA levels in depressed patients.
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PMID:Tritiated imipramine binding sites in affective disorders and schizophrenia. Influence of circannual variation. 244 Sep 32

Serotonin is N-acetylated to melatonin. The purpose of this study was to explore the possibility of N-acetylation of dapsone reflecting serotonergic activity. The ratio of monoacetyldapsone/dapsone (MAD/DDS) in plasma, 5-HIAA in CSF, and imipramine-binding to platelets were investigated in a group of psychiatric patients, diagnosed according to the DSM-III as affective disorders, schizophrenia, and personality disorders. There was no significant correlation between either of the serotonergic estimates and N-acetylation in the whole patient group or in diagnostic subgroups of patients. Sixty-four percent of the patients were slow N-acetylators (MAD/DDS less than 0.4), which is a ratio in line with several other studies of psychiatric patients. Among patients with affective disorders, all unipolar patients were slow N-acetylators, while five out of six bipolar patients were fast N-acetylators. The N-acetylation of patients with a history of suicide attempt did not differ from those without. The discrepancy in N-acetylation between uni- and bipolar patients might again address the issue of them representing two different biochemical and genetic disorders.
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PMID:N-acetylation and serotonergic measures in a group of psychiatric patients. 245 92

The effects of a series of six ECT treatments were observed on the CSF concentrations of HVA, MHPG, and 5-HIAA in 12 patients suffering from schizophrenia. Four patients were previously neuroleptic drug-free, and eight had received only oral neuroleptic drugs at the same dose for more than 4 weeks. A significant increase in the concentration of HVA was observed after the first ECT treatment but not after the final treatment. No significant changes were observed in the concentrations of MHPG and 5-HIAA. The patients improved clinically, and the results suggest that ECT has important effects on dopaminergic systems.
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PMID:The effect of electroconvulsive therapy on CSF amine metabolites in schizophrenic patients. 245 96

B-HT 920 (6-allyl-2-amino-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-4H-thiazolo[4,5-d]azepine), a candidate for selective dopamine (DA) autoreceptor agonist activity, was tested for its interactions with biochemical parameters of brain dopaminergic, noradrenergic and serotoninergic systems as measured in ventriculocisternal perfusates of chloralose-anaesthetized cats. DA, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC), homovanillic acid (HVA), noradrenaline (NA) and 5-hydroxyindolic acid (5-HIAA) were measured in samples of 30 min collection periods by high-pressure liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. B-HT 920, in the dose range of 0.03-1 mg/kg i.v., promptly inhibited the efflux of DA and DOPAC in a dose-dependent manner. The 1 mg/kg dose of B-HT 920 reduced the DA levels below 25% of control levels for the whole length of the experiments. The HVA levels were reduced less and in a protracted manner. Only the highest dose of B-HT 920 tested (1 mg/kg) had a significant effect on the level of NA (marked, prompt reduction) and 5-HIAA (delayed, moderate reduction), reflecting its well known alpha 2-adrenoceptor agonist property. The effects of B-HT 920 on the dopaminergic indices were DA receptor-mediated as they were reversed by a low dose (0.05 mg/kg i.v.) of haloperidol. In contrast, the alpha 2-adrenoceptor blocking drug, idazoxan, 4 mg/kg i.v., while it reversed the NA and 5-HIAA reductions did not modify the effect of B-HT 920 on DA, DOPAC and HVA. Thus B-HT 920, in the dose range between 0.03-0.1 mg/kg, selectively affected brain dopaminergic parameters. Our experiments demonstrated that B-HT 920 causes an effective, long lasting and selective suppression of extracellular brain DA levels in vivo. B-HT 920 represents a promising compound for clinical use in pathological conditions known to be ameliorated by a reduction of brain DA activity, such as Huntington's disease, mania and schizophrenia.
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PMID:The dopamine autoreceptor agonist, B-HT 920, preferentially reduces brain dopamine release in vivo: biochemical indices of brain dopamine, noradrenaline and serotonin in ventriculocisternal perfusates in the cat. 246 28

Concentrations of the major monoaminergic transmitter metabolites HVA, MOPEG and 5-HIAA were determined in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of untreated schizophrenic patients. Patients with aberrated concentrations of 5-HIAA and HVA in CSF had schizophrenia in their families in a frequency significantly higher than that of patients with normal concentrations. These results may indicate the existence of a subgroup of schizophrenic patients having a family disposition for the disorder and an aberrated transmission from central serotonin and dopamine neurons. In young healthy volunteers, aberrated monoamine metabolite concentrations in CSF were also related significantly to a history of psychiatric morbidity in the family. In psychotic patients treated with chlorpromazine significant correlations were obtained between therapeutic outcome on the one hand, and both biochemical effects related to central monoamine metabolism and chlorpromazine concentrations in the CSF on the other hand. Patients with chlorpromazine concentrations above 1 ng/ml in CSF or 40 ng/ml in plasma responded more favourably than patients with concentrations below those levels. The results indicate that biochemical and pharmacokinetic data may be of value for diagnostic classification and prediction of therapeutic outcome in drug-treated schizophrenic patients.
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PMID:Concentrations of monoamine metabolites and chlorpromazine in cerebrospinal fluid for prediction of therapeutic response in psychotic patients treated with neuroleptic drugs. 616 May 94

5-Hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) and homovanillic acid (HVA) were measured in the spinal fluid of 45 women hospitalized in a psychiatric department for major depression (14 cases), schizophrenia (18 cases) and alcohol dependence (13 cases). Dexamethasone suppression tests were performed following CSF examinations in all patients, and TRH stimulation tests were also made in six subjects. All biological examinations were carried out in a drug-free state. The Marke-Nyman Temperament scale was administered to all patients as soon as severe psychotic disturbances subsided and sufficient cooperation was achieved, but no later than 10 days following biological examinations. The MNT was repeated after recovery to check reliability of the test results during an episode of a psychiatric disorder. CSF amine metabolite concentrations did not differ significantly in the three patient groups; postdexamethasone average cortisol levels were above the critical level (5 micrograms/dl) in each group, the highest values being found in major depression. One of the three MNT factors was inhomogeneous among diagnostic groups (validity: low in depression and alcoholism), but the other two also differed from a healthy control population. Correlation structure between biological and psychological variables was homogeneous throughout the diagnoses and a significant inverse correlation was found only between CSF 5-HIAA and the validity factor of MNT. Maximal TSH response to TRH stimulation correlated with both solidity and stability in the MNT scale. Since MNT results proved to be stable even during an illness episode, a possible link is suggested between personality traits and central serotonin metabolism.
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PMID:Relationship between cerebrospinal fluid amine metabolites, neuroendocrine findings and personality dimensions (Marke-Nyman scale factors) in psychiatric patients. 619 Mar 56


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