Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0036341 (schizophrenia)
 60,220 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Urinary MHPG excretion in patients with acute schizophrenia was studied before and during a trial of the isomers of flupenthixol and placebo. Pretrial MHPG excretion was not related to severity of illness before the trial or to other pretrial clinical variables. In male subjects higher pretrial MHPG excretion was associated with a better outcome 1 year post-trial. However in females no relationship between MHPG excretion and outcome was established. During the trial there was a reduction in MHPG excretion in patients treated with beta-flupenthixol but no decrease in the group treated with alpha-flupenthixol or chlorpromazine. In patients on placebo there was a reduction in MHPG excretion in those who did well clinically, but not in those who did poorly. Thus low MHPG excretion may be a predictor of poor outcome in schizophrenia, but MHPG excretion also changes both as a function of clinical state and of neuroleptic drug administration.
 ...
PMID:3-Methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol excretion in acutely schizophrenic patients during a controlled clinical trial of the isomers of flupenthixol. 11 29

Baseline concentrations of homovanillic acid (HVA), 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid (5-HIAA) and MHPG in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were determined in 67 lobotomized and 30 non-lobotomized patients with chronic schizophrenia. In addition, in 69 of these patients the degree of brain atrophy was assessed by a pneumoencephalographic (PEG) technique. There were no significant differences in the concentrations of the monoamine metabolites in the CSF between the two patient groups studied despite the fact that the group of lobotomized schizophrenics had significantly more central and cortical brain atrophy than the group of nonlobotomized schizophrenic patients. The amine metabolite levels were also unrelated to the subtype of schizophrenia, duration of illness, or degree of mental incapacitation.
 ...
PMID:Monoamine metabolite levels in cerebrospinal fluid and brain atrophy in lobotomized schizophrenic patients. 45 76

1. The efficacy of mianserin as a supplement in treating chronic schizophrenia was tested by monitoring the BPRS and plasma monoamine metabolites. 2. Twenty inpatients with schizophrenia were administered fixed doses of neuroleptics throughout the study. 3. A control BPRS scoring and blood sampling were done before mianserin administration. 4. Fixed doses of 60 mg/day of mianserin for 2 weeks and flexible doses for 4 weeks were given orally in an open study for 6 consecutive weeks, and no treatment followed for 1 additional week. 5. BPRS scoring was carried out once weekly, and blood samples were obtained after mianserin treatment. 6. Both total BPRS scores and scores for negative symptoms were decreased by mianserin treatment as compared with the control values. 7. 5-HIAA concentrations of both responding patients and nonresponding patients to mianserin were increased after medication; however, 5-HIAA values of responding patients were lower than those of nonresponding patients. 8. HVA concentrations of the responding group were slightly increased by mianserin administration. 9. There were no significant changes in MHPG levels between the two groups. 10. These results suggest that the negative symptoms of schizophrenia are partly improved by mianserin treatment.
 ...
PMID:Effects of mianserin in chronic schizophrenia. 164 95

The efficacy of mianserin as a supplement in treating chronic schizophrenia was tested in 20 inpatients with schizophrenia who were receiving fixed doses of neuroleptics. Mianserin was given for six weeks with a starting dose of 60 mg/day. A brief psychiatric rating scale (BPRS) was completed before starting mianserin and thereafter BPRS scoring was carried out once weekly. The total BPRS score and the score for negative symptoms were decreased by mianserin treatment as compared to the pre-treatment values. Plasma 5-HIAA concentrations were increased after medication in both responding patients and nonresponding patients. However, the 5-HIAA values of responders were lower than those of nonresponders. Plasma HVA levels were slightly increased by mianserin in the responders. There were no significant changes in MHPG levels. These results suggest that the negative symptoms of schizophrenia may be improved by mianserin treatment.
 ...
PMID:Effects of mianserin on negative symptoms in schizophrenia. 169 92

Plasma homovanillic acid (pHVA) and plasma methoxyhydroxyphenyl glycol (pMHPG), as well as plasma haloperidol, were measured in 33 schizophrenic patients before and during 6 weeks of haloperidol treatment. Good responders had higher baseline pHVA values compared with poor responders (17.4 +/- 8.8 ng/ml, n = 22 versus 11.4 +/- 5.0 ng/ml, n = 11, p less than 0.05). A higher than 15 ng/ml pretreatment pHVA level was associated with a more consistent clinical response to the subsequent treatment. Differential pHVA changes during treatment were also found between good and poor responders. Within the good responder group, a significant decline in pHVA over time was found. By contrast, pHVA showed a transient increase in the poor responder group. Plasma MHPG changes showed a similar pattern during treatment in good responders, although no significant differences in baseline values were found between the good (n = 13) and poor (n = 9) responders, and pMHPG showed no change during treatment in poor responders. Significant correlations between baseline pHVA and pMHPG values were found in 22 patients. Good responders and poor responders did not differ significantly in terms of age, duration of illness, severity of presenting symptoms, haloperidol dose, or plasma drug concentration. Two hypothetical subtypes of schizophrenia and both dopamine and norepinephrine systems involved in schizophrenic psychopathology are proposed.
 ...
PMID:Plasma catecholamine metabolites in schizophrenics: evidence for the two-subtype concept. 231 Aug 6

The effects of a series of six ECT treatments were observed on the CSF concentrations of HVA, MHPG, and 5-HIAA in 12 patients suffering from schizophrenia. Four patients were previously neuroleptic drug-free, and eight had received only oral neuroleptic drugs at the same dose for more than 4 weeks. A significant increase in the concentration of HVA was observed after the first ECT treatment but not after the final treatment. No significant changes were observed in the concentrations of MHPG and 5-HIAA. The patients improved clinically, and the results suggest that ECT has important effects on dopaminergic systems.
 ...
PMID:The effect of electroconvulsive therapy on CSF amine metabolites in schizophrenic patients. 245 96

Twenty-three inpatients who met DSM-III criteria for schizophrenia were selected for cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) neurochemical study of tardive dyskinesia (TD). Ten inpatients had tardive dyskinesia, and the remaining 13 patients without TD served as controls. There were no intergroup differences in sex, age, duration of neuroleptic treatment, or in total amount of neuroleptics received between the TD and the control groups. Cerebrospinal fluid was collected by lumbar puncture, and concentrations of homovanillic acid (HVA), MHPG, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity were measured. The concentrations of MHPG (TD 11.56 +/- 3.48 ng/ml versus control 14.20 +/- 3.86 ng/ml), 5-HIAA (45.27 +/- 9.77 ng/ml versus 40.34 +/- 13.77 ng/ml), and HVA (38.26 +/- 18.31 ng/ml versus 31.40 +/- 7.83 ng/ml), and the activity of AChE (TD 7.95 +/- 5.21 mmol/g.hr versus control 12.89 +/- 8.04 mmol/g.hr) showed no significant differences between the two groups, but the ratios of HVA/AChE (t = 2.21, p = 0.05), 5-HIAA/AChE (t = 2.62, p = 0.02), MHPG/HVA (t = -2.16, p = 0.04), and MHPG/5-HIAA (t = -2.48, p = 0.02) were statistically different. The results indicated that TD might involve an imbalance of dopamine-acetylcholine, noradrenalin-dopamine, noradrenalin-serotonin, and serotonin-acetylcholine.
 ...
PMID:CSF neurochemical study of tardive dyskinesia. 246 90

As some of the pharmacological activities of neuroleptic medication may involve pathophysiological mechanisms underlying schizophrenia and tardive dyskinesia (TD), it is useful to study patients undergoing medication discontinuation. In this study, 19 stable, neuroleptic-maintained patients with persistent TD underwent taper and discontinuation of their neuroleptic medication over a 3-week period, and multiple behavioral and biochemical (plasma HVA, MHPG, and prolactin) measures were obtained. The major finding was that early relapsing patients had lower baseline and a significantly greater increase in plasma HVA levels after discontinuation than nonrelapsing patients. In addition, patients exhibiting withdrawal-exacerbated TD had significantly lower plasma MHPG levels than patients not exhibiting this phenomenon. The clinical and pharmacological implications of these findings are discussed.
 ...
PMID:The effect of neuroleptic discontinuation on psychopathology, involuntary movements, and biochemical measures in patients with persistent tardive dyskinesia. 256 32

Concentrations of the major monoaminergic transmitter metabolites HVA, MOPEG and 5-HIAA were determined in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of untreated schizophrenic patients. Patients with aberrated concentrations of 5-HIAA and HVA in CSF had schizophrenia in their families in a frequency significantly higher than that of patients with normal concentrations. These results may indicate the existence of a subgroup of schizophrenic patients having a family disposition for the disorder and an aberrated transmission from central serotonin and dopamine neurons. In young healthy volunteers, aberrated monoamine metabolite concentrations in CSF were also related significantly to a history of psychiatric morbidity in the family. In psychotic patients treated with chlorpromazine significant correlations were obtained between therapeutic outcome on the one hand, and both biochemical effects related to central monoamine metabolism and chlorpromazine concentrations in the CSF on the other hand. Patients with chlorpromazine concentrations above 1 ng/ml in CSF or 40 ng/ml in plasma responded more favourably than patients with concentrations below those levels. The results indicate that biochemical and pharmacokinetic data may be of value for diagnostic classification and prediction of therapeutic outcome in drug-treated schizophrenic patients.
 ...
PMID:Concentrations of monoamine metabolites and chlorpromazine in cerebrospinal fluid for prediction of therapeutic response in psychotic patients treated with neuroleptic drugs. 616 May 94

One hundred and ten patients with Research Diagnostic Criteria (RDC) diagnoses of major depressive disorders were assessed for present or recent suicidal ideation and behavior and for suicidal acts earlier in life before current depression using the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia (SADS). Suicidal scores were correlated uni- and bivariately with levels of CSF monoamine metabolites (HVA, 5HIAA, MHPG), urinary MHPG, the proportion post-/predexamethasone plasma cortisol at 1100 h, and platelet MAO activity (all standardized to same sex, age, height and weight). Results indicate that all 3 monoamine metabolites and their interactions are involved in various aspects of suicidality, at least in unipolar patients. MHPG and 5HIAA (both low or both high) were involved in current or recent suicidal ideation, and low HVA was mainly associated with past potential lethality of suicidal acts. Current hypercortisolism was found in patients that earlier in life had tried to commit dangerous suicides. Bipolar patients (depressives with a history of manic or hypomanic episodes) had earlier in life significantly more, and more dangerous, suicidal attempts than the unipolars.
 ...
PMID:Life at risk: markers of suicidality in depression. 620 42


1 2 Next >>