Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0036341 (schizophrenia)
 60,220 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Pimozide was used in a pilot study to treat 10 patients with frank symptoms of acute schizophrenia. Eight patients appeared to respond favourably to doses ranging from 12 to 40 mg daily. Two of the patients responded within 1 week and all 8 within 5 weeks. It was possible to discharge all 8 patients from hospital within this time period. It is concluded that oral pimozide is an effective treatment for the whole range of symptoms accompanying acute schizophrenia. Brief representative case histories are presented, and dosage recommendations for the effective treatment of acute schizophrenia with pimozide are discussed.
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PMID:Pimozide in acute schizophrenia: a pilot study. 37 96

1. A controlled clinical trial has shown oral pimozide to be clinically at least as effective as fluphenazine decanoate in the continuation treatment of schizophrenia. 2. Pimozide was also associated with more favourable measures of social outcome. 3. Some implications of these findings are discussed.
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PMID:Medico-social evaluation of the long-term pharmacotherapy of schizophrenia. Comparative study of fluphenazine and pimozide. 40 49

Pimozide 1-(1-[4,4-bis(4-fluorophenyl)butyl]-4-peperidinyl)-2-benzimidazolone, is the first of a new series of psychotropic drugs, the kiphenylbutylpiperidines. It is advocated for once-daily use as maintenance therapy in chronic schizophrenia and for the treatment of psychic and functional disorders induced by personality traits. Published data suggest that in chronic schizophrenia, pimozide 4 to 6mg daily is indistinguishable from maintenance doses of chlorpromazine, fluphenazine, flupenthixol, perphenazine, or thioidazine. Patient groups have usually been to small to allow statistically significant differences to be apparent, but in some trials pimozide was significantly superior to trifluoperzine and to haloperidol. On present evidence, pimozide has no place in the hyperactive, aggressive type of patient or in treating the acute phase of schizophrenia, probably because of its relative lack of sedative properties compared with many antipsychotic drugs. The incidence and severity of extrapyramidal reactions with pimozide are low, but suitably designed controlled studies are needed to determine whether its use leads to a reduction in the requirement for antiparkinsonian medication. In anxious patients, pimozide seems to offer no advantages over currently available anxiolytic agents, either in terms of efficacy or incidence of side-effects. Claims for a specific effect against anxiety associated with psychosis or disturbed personality traits remain unproven.
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PMID:Pimozide: a review of its pharmacological properties and therapeutic uses in psychiatry. 82 16

Pimozid (R 6238 Janssen, Beerse), a neuroleptic similar to the Butyrophenon type has a 24-hour period of effect due to the substance, and was used from 1969 onward on a total of 39 patients, predominantly from the range of schizophrenia types. The objective of thus clinical study was, above all, to plot the extent of its effects, define the optimal range of indications, to determine the most favourable dosage profile and to examine its tolerance in long-term use. Objectifying the medicinal effects, for example recording the psychopathological findings, proved successful with the aid of a syndrom catalogue following the AMP system, in comparison with preceeding and following treatments and considering the social-psychiatric aspects, so that concomitant- and side effects can be ascertained in the same way. The necessary maintenance dose of Pimozid, usually administered once a day, was set in relation to the daily dosage of Haloperidol, which had to be administered 2 to 3 times daily; the results, meanwhile, were compared with those already recorded on the literature. In agreement with this Pimozid proved to be a powerful and well tolerated neuroleptic, even in older patients, with a constant 24-hour effect which is suitable in doses from 1--10 mg/d particularly for long-term out-patient therapy, and above all for psychotics of the paranoid hallucinatory type.
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PMID:[Experiences in the long term use of the 24 hour effective neuroleptic "pimozide" (Janssen)]. 82 15

Pimozide, a diphenylbutylpiperidine neuroleptic which is FDA-approved as a backup treatment for Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome, has been used abroad for many years as a treatment of schizophrenia and has been recently reported to be particularly effective in treating monosymptomatic hypochondriacal psychosis and delusional jealousy. Pimozide may also have a role in the treatment of negative schizophrenic symptoms, pain syndromes, and obsessive compulsive disorder. After reviewing the relevant clinical literature supporting these indications, the authors review preclinical studies that provide points of departure regarding biochemical mechanisms underlying this unique therapeutic profile.
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PMID:The role of pimozide in clinical psychiatry: a review. 175 55

"Functional psychosis is conventionally subdivided into schizophrenia and manic depressive psychosis. Response to treatment is assumed to be a validating criterion for these diagnoses. The efficacy of pimozide (a dopamine antagonist neuroleptic), lithium, and a combination of the two was compared with that of placebo in a 4-week trial in 120 functionally psychotic patients, each of whom was assessed for psychotic symptoms, manic symptoms, and depressive symptoms. The sample was subdivided into patients with predominantly elevated mood, predominantly depressed mood, and no consistent mood change. Pimozide reduced psychotic symptoms in all groups of patients. The only significant effect of lithium was to reduce elevated mood. Thus dopamine blockade seems relevant to the resolution of psychotic symptoms in all types of 'functional' psychosis, but the mode of action of lithium in psychotic patients concerns only mood. Application of standardised classifications of functional psychosis to these data did not change this conclusion."
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PMID:Comments on the Northwick Park 'Functional' Psychosis Study. 268 81

To elucidate pharmacological properties of sultopride and sulpiride, their effects on spontaneous locomotor activity, apomorphine-induced hyper- and hypoactivity, and clonidine-induced hypoactivity in mice were examined by use of a photocell activity meter in comparison with the effects of other antipsychotic drugs. Sultopride did not affect spontaneous locomotor activity, whereas it potentiated apomorphine-induced hyperactivity at low doses and inhibited it at high doses. Sultopride also dose-dependently antagonized apomorphine-induced hypoactivity at limited doses. By contrast, sulpiride, in a wide range of doses, exhibited enhancement of apomorphine-induced hyperactivity and antagonization of apomorphine-induced hypoactivity. Furthermore, the activities of sulpiride were more potent than those of sultopride. Haloperidol and chlorpromazine inhibited spontaneous locomotor activity and apomorphine-induced hyperactivity and slightly antagonized apomorphine-induced hypoactivity. Pimozide increased spontaneous locomotor activity but inhibited it at high doses, while also potentiating apomorphine-induced hyperactivity at small doses and inhibiting it at large doses. Pimozide did not markedly affect apomorphine-induced hypoactivity. None of the drugs studied except for imipramine and yohimbine affected clonidine-induced hypoactivity. These results indicate that sultopride has somewhat different pharmacological properties from those of sulpiride and other antipsychotic drugs. These results also suggest that sultopride would have good therapeutic efficacy in schizophrenic disorders.
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PMID:[Comparative study of the pharmacological properties of sultopride sulpiride and other antipsychotic drugs: influence of sultopride, sulpiride and other antipsychotic drugs on spontaneous locomotor activity and changes in locomotor activity induced by apomorphine and clonidine in mice]. 288 Apr 35

Functional psychosis is conventionally subdivided into schizophrenia and manic depressive psychosis. Response to treatment is assumed to be a validating criterion for these diagnoses. The efficacy of pimozide (a dopamine antagonist neuroleptic), lithium, and a combination of the two was compared with that of placebo in a 4 week trial in 120 functionally psychotic patients each of whom was assessed for psychotic symptoms, manic symptoms, and depressive symptoms. The sample was subdivided into patients with predominantly elevated mood, predominantly depressed mood, and no consistent mood change. Pimozide reduced psychotic symptoms in all groups of patients. The only significant effect of lithium was to reduce elevated mood. Thus dopamine blockade seems relevant to the resolution of psychotic symptoms in all types of "functional" psychosis but the mode of action of lithium in psychotic patients concerns only mood. Application of standardised classifications of functional psychosis to these data did not change this conclusion.
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PMID:The Northwick Park "functional" psychosis study: diagnosis and treatment response. 289 86

Pimozide and haloperidol were found to be equally effective in the treatment of acute schizophrenia in a double-blind clinical trial involving 22 patients. Drug plasma levels measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA) did not correlate with clinical response following either drug. Nor was there any correlation between clinical response and the dopamine receptor blocking activity of either drug as measured by radio receptor assay (RRA). Following pimozide plasma prolactin (PRL) levels correlated with clinical change, although the time courses of response of PRL and clinical response were dissimilar. There was no correlation between PRL and clinical response to haloperidol. RRA and RIA values correlated highly following pimozide but not haloperidol. Our findings lead us to conclude that the RRA technique reflects the plasma level of a drug rather than its central dopamine blocking activity. We also consider that the clinical response to antipsychotic drugs in schizophrenia may be less directly linked to dopamine receptor blockade than has previously been supposed.
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PMID:The relationship of dopamine receptor blockade to clinical response in schizophrenic patients treated with pimozide or haloperidol. 638 5

Pimozide is widely used in psychiatry for chronic psychoses, schizophrenia, the syndrome of Gilles de la Tourette and to a certain extent, also in dermatology. The only dermatological indication is for delusions of parasitosis. Though there is a good rationale for using pimozide in this disease, the majority of the studies on pimozide in dermatology are uncontrolled trials and case reports.
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PMID:Pimozide: use in dermatology. 1263 56


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