Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0036341 (schizophrenia)
 60,220 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Recently developed enzyme tests that are used in (a) identifying high risk populations, (b) diagnosing cancer, (c) following treatment response of cancer patients, and (d) the selection of cancer therapy are summarized. The diagnostic role of methionine adenosyltransferase and CSF monoamine oxidase activity measurements in the diagnosis of schizophrenia are discussed. The role of N-acetyltransferase in the conversion of serotonin to melatonin in the pineal gland and the importance of these changes for the synchronization of the functioning of cells throughout the organism are described. New developments in the determination of immunoreactive trypsin in the early diagnosis of pancreatic diseases are summarized.
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PMID:Present and future trends in selected areas of clinical enzymology. 677 51

Platelet monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity was studied in three subpopulations of density-fractionated platelets in 15 unmedicated chronic paranoid schizophrenic patients and contrasted with normal controls. No significant difference in MAO activity was found in any of the three platelet fractions in schizophrenics compared to controls. Enzyme kinetic studies performed on the intermediate-density platelet fraction demonstrated no significant differences in Vmax or Michaelis' constant (Km) between schizophrenics and controls, but showed that the higher platelet MAO activity reported in females compared to male is due to a significantly greater Vmax rather than altered Km. It is suggested that conflicting results reported in the literature regarding platelet MAO in schizophrenia are not related to the platelet subpopulations studied but are largely due to the selected patient populations.
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PMID:Monoamine oxidase activity and enzyme kinetics in three subpopulations of density-fractionated platelets in chronic paranoid schizophrenics. 679 79

Peculiarities of dopamine metabolism were investigated in 27 patients with various forms of active schizophrenic process. The investigations were carried out by determining the content of dopamine and its metabolites in the blood and urine. In all the patients a considerable rise of the dopamine blood level (284.7 of normal) was revealed: prevalent were bound forms of this amine. The free dopamine content in the blood rose still higher in cases of psychomotor excitation. The dopamine content in the patients' urine was lowered. The determinations of dopamine metabolites, such as, dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, and homovanillic acid showed an insufficiency of dopamine deamination: this was an evidence of a deficient activity of monoamine oxidase. Administration of L-DOPA to schizophrenic patients did not cause a rise of the dopamine blood level (in distinction from normal). The author suggests that the discovered disturbances of dopamine metabolism play a certain role in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia.
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PMID:[Various features of dopamine metabolism in schizophrenia]. 679 91

Plasma amine oxidase (PAO) activity was studied in 52 chronic schizophrenics, 130 first-degree relatives, and 36 normal control subjects. Enzyme activity was shown to be a heritable and stable characteristic. Age and sex effects were not present. Patients had lower PAO activity than did control subjects, although the difference fell short of statistical significance. Within families, reduced PAO activity was associated with schizophrenia spectrum disorders.
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PMID:Plasma amine oxidase and genetic vulnerability to schizophrenia. 683 Apr 6

Several years after MAO activity determination, 36 patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder were contacted for assessment of their outcome. Patients who had had low platelet MAO activity had significantly better social adjustment and fewer schizophrenic symptoms at follow-up.
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PMID:Platelet MAO activity and long-term outcome in schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder. 684 44

It has been reported that one or both of the kinetic constants (Km and Vmax) of monoamine oxidase (MAO) in the blood platelets of schizophrenic patients are significantly lower than those of normal controls. The authors found no significant differences in Km or Vmax of platelet MAO activity between schizophrenic patients, schizoaffective depressed, mainly schizophrenic patients, and normal control subjects of the same sex. There was also no relationship between paranoid symptoms, hallucinations, or a family history of schizophrenia and Vmax or Km of platelet MAO in the combined groups of schizophrenic and schizoaffective patients. Women had significantly higher Vmax values, but no sex difference in Km was noted.
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PMID:Kinetic constants of platelet monoamine oxidase in schizophrenia. 686 90

Platelet monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity is significantly lower in chronic schizophrenic patients with a family history of schizophrenia compared to schizophrenics with no affected relatives and normal controls. These results are consistent with the concept of genetic and biologic heterogeneity in schizophrenia and suggest that the lack of uniformity across previous MAO studies of schizophrenia may be explained in part by the presence of biochemically normal phenocopies.
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PMID:Platelet monoamine oxidase activity: relation to genetic load of schizophrenia. 693 58

Platelet monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity, psychiatric disorders, and family history of psychopathology were studied in 115 nonhospitalized, previously undiagnosed college student volunteers. Subjects were classified into two extreme groups: those with platelet MAO activity two standard deviations below the mean ("low-MAO" probands) and those with platelet MAO activity two standard deviations above the mean ("high"-MAO probands). Low-MAO probands were found to have a significant increase in the incidence of borderline schizophrenia and other psychiatric disorders compared to high-MAO probands. First-degree relatives of low-MAO probands were more often affected with psychiatric disorders and borderline schizophrenia than relatives of high-MAO probands. The data suggest that reduced platelet MAO activity is associated with psychiatric vulnerability and that the spectrum of schizophrenia may be more closely related to this vulnerability than other psychiatric disorders.
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PMID:Low platelet monoamine oxidase activity: a possible biochemical correlate of borderline schizophrenia. 693 27

Cerebrospinal fluid levels of pterin cofactor were measured in off-medication schizophrenic patients and normal control subjects as one aspect of monoamine physiology in schizophrenia. Pterin cofactor is essential for the hydroxylation of several substances including tyrosine, the rate-limiting step in the synthesis of dopamine and norepinephrine. No significant differences were found. Platelet monoamine oxidase activity correlated significantly with pterin levels in male schizophrenic and in female control subjects.
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PMID:Cerebrospinal fluid hydroxylase cofactor in schizophrenia. 695 56

Platelet monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity was studied in 50 drug-free schizophrenics divided into groups according to whether they had at least two first-degree relatives with schizophrenia (n = 6), only one first-degree relative with schizophrenia (n = 8), or no family history of schizophrenia (n = 36). Similar determination was made in 56 age-matched normals. There were no differences in the platelet MAO activity between any of the groups of schizophrenics or the normals. The results are discussed in light of previous studies of platelet MAO activity in schizophrenics with and without a family history of schizophrenia.
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PMID:Platelet MAO activity and family history of schizophrenia. 695 99


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