Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0036341 (schizophrenia)
 60,220 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Forearm arteriovenous (AV) fistulae were formed in seventeen patients with normal coagulation parameters as part of a controlled study of the effects of hemodialysis in schizophrenia. The 100% patency rate of AV fistulae in this group of patients compares favorably with the patency rates obtained with similar AV fistulae in renal failure patients, and it is significantly higher than the patency rates obtained for AV fistulae formed to improve venous access in patients with acute leukemia. The results suggest that uremic coagulopathy contributes little to the success of internal AV fistulae. Adequacy of forearm veins is thought to be of greater importance.
J Cardiovasc Surg (Torino)
PMID:High patency rate of internal arteriovenous fistulae in non-uremic patients with normal veins. 715 39

This is the case of a young man suffering from schizophrenia and treated with clozapine. He developed acute heart failure associated with pericardial effusion and midventricular dyskinesia with severe systolic dysfunction and left ventricular dilatation at echocardiogram, readily resolved after the suspension of clozapine therapy. The segmental wall motion abnormalities observed at echocardiogram in this case are peculiar and have never been described before. The possible cardiotoxic effects of clozapine have been reported previously in the literature. Because of its serious potential side effects this drug is not considered the first choice for treatment of schizophrenia. Before beginning treatment, patients should undergo a cardiac evaluation, and they should also be periodically followed up with echocardiograms.
J Cardiovasc Med (Hagerstown) 2010 Aug
PMID:Midventricular dyskinesia during clozapine treatment? 1982 27

Background. Studies have implicated abnormalities in epigenetic gene regulation in schizophrenia. Presentation. We hypothesize that identifying abnormalities in chromatin structure and the epigenetic machinery in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from schizophrenia patients could (a) help characterize a subset of schizophrenia patients and (b) lead to targeted pharmacological interventions. Testing. Investigate the relationship between clinical symptoms, demographics, hormonal fluctuations, substance abuse, disease characteristics across the major mental illnesses, and epigenetic parameters in PBMC. In addition, examine the effects of individual antipsychotics, mood stabilizers, as well as experimental agents both as clinically prescribed as well as in cultured PBMC to understand the effects of these agents on chromatin. Implications. If PBMC could serve as a reliable model of overall epigenetic mechanisms then this could lead to a "biomarker" approach to revealing pathological chromatin state in schizophrenia. This approach may provide an informed method for selecting chromatin modifying agents for psychiatric disorders.
Cardiovasc Psychiatry Neurol 2009
PMID:Chromatin from peripheral blood mononuclear cells as biomarkers for epigenetic abnormalities in schizophrenia. 2002 20

There are high levels of comorbidity between neuropsychiatric and cardiovascular disorders. A key molecule central to both cognitive and cardiovascular function is the molecule serotonin. In the brain, serotonin modulates neuronal activity and is actively involved in mediating many cognitive functions and behaviors. In the periphery, serotonin is involved in vasoconstriction, inflammation, and cell growth, among other processes. It is hypothesized that one component of the serotonin system, the 5-HT(2A) receptor, is a common and contributing factor underlying aspects of the comorbidity between neuropsychiatric and cardiovascular disorders. Within the brain this receptor participates in processes such as cognition and working memory, been implicated in effective disorders such as schizophrenia, and mediate the primary effects of hallucinogenic drugs. In the periphery, 5-HT(2A) receptors have been linked to vasoconstriction and hypertension, and to inflammatory processes that can lead to atherosclerosis.
Cardiovasc Psychiatry Neurol 2009
PMID:Serotonin 5-HT(2A) Receptor Function as a Contributing Factor to Both Neuropsychiatric and Cardiovascular Diseases. 2002 24

Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP9) has been implicated in numerous somatic illnesses, including cardiovascular disorders and cancer. Recently, MMP9 has been shown to be increasingly important in several aspects of central nervous system activity. Furthermore, a pathogenic role for this enzyme has been suggested in such neuropsychiatric disorders as schizophrenia, bipolar illness, and multiple sclerosis. In this paper, the results of biochemical and molecular-genetic studies on MMP9 that have been performed in these pathological conditions will be summarized. Furthermore, I hypothesize that the MMP9 gene, as shown by functional -1562 C/T polymorphism studies, may be mediating the relationship of neuropsychiatric illnesses (schizophrenia, bipolar mood disorder, multiple sclerosis) that are comorbid with cardiovascular disease and cancer.
Cardiovasc Psychiatry Neurol 2009
PMID:Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 (MMP9)-A Mediating Enzyme in Cardiovascular Disease, Cancer, and Neuropsychiatric Disorders. 2003 27

Serotonin transporter clustering is an important feature for regulation of this transporter activity. We used immunocytochemistry to analyze alterations in serotonin transporter clustering in blood lymphocytes of reeler mice. Serotonin transporter immunolabelling is observed mostly as a patchy staining in lymphocytes membranes. Comparison of the number and size of serotonin transporter clusters in wild-type mice, heterozygous reeler mice, and homozygous reeler mice showed an increase in the number and size of clusters in heterozygous reeler mice, but only an increase in clusters size in homozygous reeler mice. Reelin is down-regulated in the brain of schizophrenia, autism, and mood disorders, and is also expressed in blood plasma. There is the possibility therefore that alterations in serotonin transporter clustering in blood lymphocytes associated with a decrease in reelin expression may be operative in some cardiovascular or immune system alterations showing comorbidity with these mental disorders.
Cardiovasc Psychiatry Neurol 2010
PMID:Serotonin transporter clustering in blood lymphocytes of reeler mice. 2041 72

Elevated blood levels of S100B in schizophrenia have so far been mainly attributed to glial pathology, as S100B is produced by astro- and oligodendroglial cells and is thought to act as a neurotrophic factor with effects on synaptogenesis, dopaminergic and glutamatergic neutrotransmission. However, adipocytes are another important source of S100B since the concentration of S100B in adipose tissue is as high as in nervous tissue. Insulin is downregulating S100B in adipocytes, astrocyte cultures and rat brain. As reviewed in this paper, our recent studies suggest that overweight, visceral obesity, and peripheral/cerebral insulin resistance may be pivotal for at least part of the elevated S100B serum levels in schizophrenia. In the context of this recently identified framework of metabolic disturbances accompanying S100B elevation in schizophrenia, it rather has to be attributed to systemic alterations in glucose metabolism than to be considered a surrogate marker for astrocyte-specific pathologies.
Cardiovasc Psychiatry Neurol 2010
PMID:S100B Serum Levels in Schizophrenia Are Presumably Related to Visceral Obesity and Insulin Resistance. 2063 94

A 46-year-old man with a medical history notable only for schizophrenia was admitted to hospital with complaints of general fatigue and high fever. Transthoracic echocardiography on day 6 after admission demonstrated a large vegetation (17 mm) on the anterior leaflet of the mitral valve with mild regurgitation and mild aortic regurgitation. The patient also complained of abdominal pain. Abdominal computed tomography showed a remarkable enlargement of the superior mesenteric artery aneurysm (SMAA). An excision of the SMAA and double valve replacement was performed, and the patient was administered a six-week course of intravenous antibiotic therapy.
Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 2011 Jan
PMID:Mycotic superior mesenteric pseudoaneurysm draining into a vein. 2109 24

Aortic valve rupture after blunt trauma to the chest is an infrequent complication that should be considered at the outset in examination of an accident victim. The presence of aortic regurgitation with hemodynamic instability is an indication for surgery. We implanted a stentless bioprosthesis after aortic valve rupture due to chest trauma in a 31-year-old man with schizophrenia.
Asian Cardiovasc Thorac Ann 2012 Aug
PMID:Stentless bioprosthesis for treatment of traumatic aortic valve rupture. 2287 53

Previous research investigating the emotion recognition ability in patients with schizophrenia has mainly focused on the recognition of facial expressions. To broaden our understanding of emotional processes in patients with schizophrenia, this study aimed to investigate whether these patients experience and process other emotionally evocative stimuli differently from healthy participants. To investigate this, we measured the cardiac and subjective responses of 33 male patients (9 with and 24 without antipsychotic medication) and 40 male control subjects to emotion-eliciting pictures. Cardiac responses were chosen as an outcome measure because previous research has indicated that these are linked with attentional and emotional processes and provide a more objective measure than self-report measures alone. The differences in cardiac responses between patients and controls were limited to medicated patients: only the medicated patients showed significantly decreased cardiac orienting responses compared with control subjects, regardless of picture contents. These results indicate that medicated patients directed less attention towards emotion-eliciting pictures than controls. Decreased attentional resources while processing emotional evocative stimuli could lead to incorrect appraisals of the environment and may have detrimental emotional and social consequences, contributing to chronic stress levels and an increased risk for cardiovascular disease.
Cardiovasc Psychiatry Neurol 2012
PMID:Cardiac Responses during Picture Viewing in Young Male Patients with Schizophrenia. 2319 36


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