Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0036341 (schizophrenia)
 60,220 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Background: Low bone mineral density (BMD) may constitute an underestimated comorbidity in schizophrenia patients undergoing long-term antipsychotic treatment. Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists are antidiabetic drugs, which may also affect bone turnover. Methods: In planned secondary analyses of a 3 months, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial (n = 45), we explored effects of the GLP-1 receptor agonist exenatide 2 mg once-weekly (n = 23), or placebo (n = 22) on bone turnover markers (BTMs) and BMD in chronic, obese, antipsychotic-treated patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorder. Baseline BTMs were compared to sex- and age-adjusted reference values from a Danish population cohort, and T- and Z-scores were calculated for BMD. Results: In women (n = 24), all baseline BTM measurements of procollagen type I N-terminal propeptide (PINP) and C-terminal cross-linking telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX) were within reference values. In men (n = 21), 5% displayed lower PINP and 14% displayed lower CTX. One patient displayed BMD Z-score < -2, and 23% of patients (17% of women and 29% of men) displayed -2.5 < T-scores < -1 indicating osteopenia, but none had osteoporosis. After treatment, PINP decreased at trend level significance (P = 0.05), and body mass index BMD increased for L2-L4 (P = 0.016). No changes in bone markers were significant after correction for mean prolactin levels. Conclusions: Sex- and age-adjusted measures of bone status in chronic, obese, antipsychotic-treated patients appeared comparable to the reference population. Subtle changes in bone markers during 3 months exenatide treatment may suggest beneficial effects of GLP-1 receptor agonists on bone status in antipsychotic-treated patients, and further studies should consider the potential influence of prolactin.
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PMID:Bone Status in Obese, Non-diabetic, Antipsychotic-Treated Patients, and Effects of the Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonist Exenatide on Bone Turnover Markers and Bone Mineral Density. 3074 85

The brain consists of various areas with anatomical features. Neurons communicate with one another via excitatory or inhibitory synaptic transmission. Altered abundance of neurotransmitters, including glutamate and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), in specific brain regions is closely involved in severe neurological diseases, such as schizophrenia and obsessive-compulsive disorder. SCRAPPER, a ubiquitin E3 ligase, regulates synaptic transmission. Scrapper gene deficiency results in defective neurotransmission due to excessive secretion of neurotransmitters. The present study employed matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization imaging mass spectrometry to analyze the abundance of amino acid neurotransmitters in Scrapper knockout (SCR-KO) mice. SCR-KO mice exhibited significantly increased glutamate levels in the isocortex (CTX), corpus callosum (CC), thalamus (TH), midbrain (MB), cerebellar cortex (CBX), and caudoputamen (CP) and increased GABA levels in the CTX, CC, TH, MB, CBX and hypothalamus (HY) compared with wild-type mice. These findings indicate that Scrapper deficiency leads to upregulated glutamate and GABA levels in multiple regions. Our results show a differential, region-specific effect of Scrapper on the abundance of glutamate and GABA.
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PMID:Region-specific effects of Scrapper on the abundance of glutamate and gamma-aminobutyric acid in the mouse brain. 3236 28