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Query: UMLS:C0036341 (schizophrenia)
 60,220 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The authors studied a prolonged (3--5 years) use of leponex in 23 patients with the most progressive forms of schizophrenia (hebephrenic, paranoid and close to them attack-like). The study included the influence on the frequency and duration of relapses, on the dynamics of the so-called productive and negative disorders and social adaptation. The achieved data indicate that leponex possesses certain advantages compared to other neuroleptical drugs in prolonged maintenance therapy. Leponex has a rather "universal" psychopharmacological effect which includes a capability of arresting acute psychoses, exerts a psychoregulating influence on the general behaviour, contacts and socio-working adaptation, distinctly alleviates the clinical signs and frequency of relapses. Due to the absence of motor disturbances and minimum of other side-effects leponex is quite convenient for prolonged use and promotes a higher quality of remissions.
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PMID:[Long-term treatment of schizophrenic patients with leponex (clozapine)]. 69 18

Leponex (clozapine) is an atypical neuroleptic indicated in severe schizophrenia, launched in France in December 1991. The safety and efficacy data pertaining to 1,062 patients treated on a compassionate needs basis between May 1989 and December 1991 constitute the first French experience on the drug. The results of an interim analysis pertaining to 602 patients, i.e. available data on 03-15-1992, generally collected on a retrospective basis, by means of a specific questionnaire are reviewed. The population included patients with severe and long-standing schizophrenia i.e. 15.71 +/- 9.3 years, resistant to usual neuroleptic therapy (90.86% of cases), and rarely with a history of intolerance to this class (2.49%). The indication was in the majority of the cases a paranoid schizophrenia (67.2%). The mean maintenance daily dose was 419 mg/d (+/- 152). Overall, with respect to associated drugs, neuroleptics were recorded in 16.4%, another psychotropic drug in 44.7% and symptomatic treatments for extrapyramidal disorders in 21.3% of patients. Of interest is the fact that, for those patients started on Leponex more recently, the drug is more often prescribed on a single basis. Leponex was stopped in 24.3% for the following reasons: adverse events 10.6%, lack of efficacy 6%, non compliance 3.8%, other reasons 3.8%. The adverse event profile is consistent with the literature data, taking into account the fact that certain adverse events were more commonly described: fatigue of lower limbs 11.8%, leucocytosis 19.8% and eosinophilia 4.3%.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Clozapine (Leponex) in France]. 133 58

Clozapine is an atypical neuroleptic agent that has recently become available in Canada with potential clinical efficacy in the treatment of refractory schizophrenia, and in patients with schizophrenia neurologically intolerant to conventional neuroleptics. Although it causes few extra-pyramidal symptoms, the drug has a number of other adverse effects including a risk of agranulocytosis in one to two percent of all patients. Because of this, the use of the drug is permitted only if the white blood count is monitored weekly. The monitoring system, outlined in this article, requires a coordinated effort between clinical staff, pharmacy, laboratory and the Clozaril Support and Assistance Network. Clinical guidelines are proposed, detailing the indications and contraindications for treatment and the pharmacokinetics, dosing, adverse effects, and drug interactions with clozapine. In addition, the economics, government policies and implications for future research are considered. Although there are administrative and clinical difficulties associated with its use, clozapine represents an advance in therapeutic research. Patients and family members will be inquiring about the drug and may deserve a trial. This article aims to inform Canadian mental health professionals about the safe and beneficial use of clozapine.
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PMID:Clozapine in the treatment of refractory schizophrenia: Canadian policies and clinical guidelines. 142 46

Most of the experience with the atypical neuroleptic of Clozapine (Leponex, Sandoz) pertains to active treatment. In conjunction with possible risks, at present its administration in selected groups of patients is recommended. The authors describe the results of an intraindividual comparison of Clozapine in 11 patients with the diagnosis of schizophrenia (according to ICD-9), 7 men, mean age 30.5 years with previous neuroleptic treatment. The average period for comparison was 2.3 years (1.5-4 years), the mean daily dose of Clozapine was 200 mg (50-400 mg). During Clozapine treatment the hospitalization period was significantly shorter and the number of hospital admissions was lower. The frequency of undesirable effects was equal during both periods. During Clozapine treatment morning sleepiness and hypersalivation were more frequent and during treatment with neuroleptics extrapyramidal undesirable effects. In none of the patients they caused discontinuation of treatment. Transient leukopenia after Clozapine in one patient was improved after reduction of the dose. The paper is supplemented by the case-history of female patient treated by Clozapine monotherapy during 17 years.
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PMID:[Maintenance therapy in schizophrenia using clozapine]. 191 53

The study comprised 13 subjects (3 girls and 10 boys) aged 17 to 20 years from various groups of youngsters in whom in the course of marihuana smoking the psychical disturbances such as depressive-anxiety syndrome, characteristic syndromes or schizophrenia-like syndrome, characteristic syndromes or schizophrenia-like syndromes occurred. Basing on evaluation of the psychical and somatic state prior and after marihuana smoking in the all subjects studied the presence of the organic central nervous system lesion sign has been stated. Moreover, in a majority of subjects studied atypical clinical symptoms of intoxication were observed: prolonged stunning (1 case), bad trip of the strong fear reaction type (2 cases), and psychoses characterized by varying clinical symptomatology (6 cases). The schizophrenia-like syndromes in the group studied have been treated with Leponex and no relapses have been noted during 3 years. The so-called schizophrenic defect has not been noted.
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PMID:[Mental state of marijuana-smoking adolescents]. 263 Nov 45

The authors present a basic review on clozapine (Leponex, Clozaril) which is one of the atypical antipsychotic drugs. It is a derivative of dibenzodiazepine, which contrary to classical neuroleptic drugs, does not exert a marked effect on the extrapyramidal system and its long-term use is not associated with the risk of development of irreversible tardive dyskinesia or dystonia. It is effective also in patients who are resistant to treatment with other neuroleptics and it has a more favourable effect on the negative symptoms of schizophrenia than classical neuroleptics. Its disadvantage is the increased risk of granulocytopenia and agranulocytosis (2%) and therefore its use is justified only in patients where there is evidence that they are resistant to other treatment. The mentioned risk can be controlled effectively by regular checks of the haemogram in patients taking clozapine, along with recording in the central data bank which has a consulting and control function and guaranteeing the method of correct administration of this drug and early therapeutic provisions in case of granulocytopenia. Despite the cost of treatment and checks of the haemogram, clozapine reduces the sum total of expenditure associated with the treatment of chronic schizophrenia by reducing the number of re-admissions to hospital, by shortening the period of hospitalization and by cutting indirect costs, which are influenced by a greater sociability of the patient and a greater probability of successful comprehensive therapeutic procedures.
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PMID:[Clozapine--an atypical antipsychotic agents, its advantages and risks]. 785 23

The clinical research on Klozapol included 28 patients (17 female and 11 male) diagnosed as suffering from schizophrenia. The drug was tested in open trial without comparison with original medication. This research revealed a high therapeutic effectiveness of Klozapol in roughly 2/3 of the cases. The side effects which have been observed were slight, and occurred with similar frequency as Leponex. The hematological complications such as granulocytopenia and agranulocytosis were not observed. The range of the doses was quite wide between 50 and 900 mg per day.
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PMID:[Clinical evaluation of Clozapol in the treatment of schizophrenia]. 825 48

Clozapine (Clozaril) represents the first major advance in the pharmacological treatment of schizophrenia since the introduction of antipsychotics into clinical practice in the 1950s. Studies consistently support its efficacy for reducing positive symptoms in acutely psychotic patients and in treatment-resistant patients, for preventing positive symptom exacerbations as a maintenance treatment, and for reducing symptoms of hostility and violence. There is evidence to suggest that clozapine may improve social and occupational functioning and quality of life and may reduce affective symptoms, hospitalizations, secondary negative symptoms, and tardive dyskinesia. Its most significant side effects include agranulocytosis, seizures, weight gain, hypotension and tachycardia, sedation, and perhaps rebound psychosis (with abrupt discontinuation of medication).
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PMID:Clozapine: efficacy and safety. 874 86

Clozapine (Leponex) is an atypical antipsychotic drug which is effective in the treatment of resistant schizophrenia. The most severe side-effect is agranulocytosis, which occurs in 12%. 50 patients with resistant schizophrenia were screened retrospectively in order to characterize features which might help predict good response to the drug. The drug was more effective in young patients with recent onset of illness and short total duration of hospitalization.
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PMID:[Clozapine for resistant schizophrenia and characteristics of those responding]. 884 49

Some psychiatric patients diagnosed with schizophrenia have a secondary diagnosis of polydipsia which is manifested by consuming excessive quantities of fluids, marked confusion, and disorientation. In most instances, these persons are less amenable to treatment and rehabilitative interventions due to the changes in cognitive and physical processes. A review of our own current practice found that we had a small group of polydipsia patients requiring a large amount of one-to-one staff time for little or no long-term benefit. Further, there was no uniform approach to identify, treat, and monitor outcomes for patients with polydipsia. A TQM team was assembled with the goal of identifying a protocol for assessing the presence of polydipsia and a care map for the treatment of confirmed cases. The outcome was the development of a care map using diagnostic procedures and interventions found in the professional literature and empirical data collected on site. A short pilot study revealed that a number of polydipsia patients on Clozaril along with other interventions were successfully discharged from the hospital.
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PMID:Developing a best practice model for care of patients with polydipsia. 930 17


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