Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0036341 (schizophrenia)
 60,220 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The author investigated in an open clinical study the neuroleptic and antidepressive action of Eglonyl in 17 patients who met the criteria (diagnosis of psychoaffective psychosis, symptoms in the sphere of schizophrenia, depressive pathic moods). Eglonyl was administered by injection during the first four days and in tablet form on the subsequent 24 days in individual daily doses of 300-800 mg. At the onset and after 7-day intervals the patients were followed up, by clinical and psychiatric tests, along with the evaluation of the therapeutic effect by means of the clinical global impression scale, CGI, by the BPRS scale, and side-effects by means of the SARS scale. For statistical analysis Wilcoxon's test was used. The expected neuroleptic and antidepressive action of Eglonyl was confirmed in the clinical trials in patients with schizoaffective psychosis--depressive type: marked improvement was recorded in 58.9% of patients, medium improvement in 29.4% and slight improvement in 11.7% of patients. The decline of the global score in BPRS is highly significant (T1 - Tpop = 76.5, P less than 1%).
 ...
PMID:[Eglonyl in the treatment of schizoaffective psychoses]. 224 80

Twenty-four acutely ill schizophrenic patients (DSM-III-R), 18-42 years old, were treated for 6 weeks with sulpiride. Sulpiride was administered in three different daily dosages (400, 800 or 1200 mg) according to a double dummy blind randomized administration schedule. The psychopathology of the patients was rated by the Comprehensive Psychopathological Rating Scale (CPRS) and the Nurse's Observation Scale for Inpatient Evaluation (NOSIE). The monoamine metabolites homovanillic acid (HVA), 5-hydroxy-indoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), 4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenylglycol (HMPG) and the amino acids tyrosine, tryptophan, glutamate and glutamine were measured in serum before and once a week during sulpiride treatment. There were no significant correlations between the CPRS or the NOSIE morbidity scores and the biochemical measures before drug treatment. HVA levels were not correlated to rating scores during treatment, but after 6 weeks HVA had decreased significantly in the patients with a good response but not in the patients with a poor response. A negative relationship between 5-HIAA levels and depressive and negative symptoms was found. Non-responders according to the subscale for depression had low 5-HIAA levels throughout the treatment. An increase of tryptophan was correlated to improvement in the early part of treatment. High levels of glutamate or glutamine were found in non-responders before treatment. During treatment an increase of the glutamate level was correlated to improvement. Low levels of glutamine were related to improvement according to global and NOSIE (total) rating scores. Peripheral biochemical measures may be a valuable tool in the study of pathophysiological mechanisms and treatment effects in patients with schizophrenia.
 ...
PMID:Relationships between clinical effects and monoamine metabolites and amino acids in sulpiride-treated schizophrenic patients. 236 52

Seventeen patients with acute schizophrenia and 30 with chronic schizophrenia were included in a randomized, double-blind parallel-group trial comparing sulpiride and perphenazine. Patients were evaluated using the 16-item Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) prior to the onset of treatment and 1 and 2 weeks, and 1, 2, 3, and 4 months thereafter. In patients with acute schizophrenia, total BPRS scores declined significantly at the end of the trial compared with pretreatment values in sulpiride-treated patients but not in schizophrenics treated with perphenazine. Differences in response between the groups did not reach statistical significance, however. For patients suffering from chronic schizophrenia, a statistically significant decline was observed in total BPRS scores at 4 months compared with pretreatment scores in both sulpiride and perphenazine groups. There was no significant difference in the treatment response between the groups. Sulpiride appeared to be somewhat more effective than perphenazine for treatment of acute schizophrenia. Efficacy of both compounds was less marked in chronic forms of schizophrenia.
 ...
PMID:Sulpiride and perphenazine in schizophrenia. A double-blind clinical trial. 266 45

Sulpiride is a substituted benzamide which blocks selectively D-2 receptors. The authors tested its clinical effectiveness in schizophrenia, anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. In schizophrenia its action was compared with that of haloperidol. It was revealed that sulpiride is an effective drug, in particular in schizophrenia with abulic and depressive symptoms without productive symptoms and in psychoaffective psychoses. In the treatment of anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa its therapeutic action was not superior to that of other preparations used in these diseases.
 ...
PMID:[Sulpiride in psychiatric practice]. 276 92

Schizophrenic patients were treated with fixed doses of sulpiride (800 mg/day) or chlorpromazine (CPZ) (400 mg/day) during a period of 8 weeks using a double-blind design. There were 25 patients in each group and all of them fulfilled the Research Diagnostic Criteria (RDC) for schizophrenia. Autistic and psychotic symptoms were rated with subscales developed from the Comprehensive Psychopathological Rating Scale (CPRS). Autistic symptoms were also rated with a subscale of the Nurse's Observation Scale for Inpatient Evaluation (NOSIE). Sulpiride was superior to CPZ in reducing the autistic symptoms. Patients with low concentrations of sulpiride in serum had a better recovery rate from autistic symptoms than those with high concentrations. Both drugs reduced positive psychotic symptoms to the same degree.
 ...
PMID:Effects of sulpiride and chlorpromazine on autistic and positive psychotic symptoms in schizophrenic patients--relationship to drug concentrations. 392 Jul 2

Chronic (12 days) administration of sulpiride (50 mg/kg, i.p.) in rats resulted in a significant (12%) increase in the glutamate contents of cerebrospinal fluid. Sulpiride had no effect on the GABA content of the brain areas investigated (frontal cortex, striatum, hippocampus and substantia nigra). Sulpiride is a neuroleptic drug which is believed to block especially the non-adenylate cyclase dopaminergic receptors which are supposed to be inhibitory axoaxonic receptors on glutamatergic corticostriatal terminals. The results are compatible with the hypothesis that glutamatergic hypofunction might be the primary defect in schizophrenia rather than hyperactivity of the dopamine synapses.
 ...
PMID:Cerebral glutamate, neuroleptic drugs and schizophrenia: increase of cerebrospinal fluid glutamate levels and decrease of striate body glutamate levels following sulpiride treatment in rats. 613 56

A retrospective study of the follow up in 13 patients under maintenance Dogmatil 200 mg treatment (1 to 12 years) establishes the drug's effectiveness and tolerance. The best results were obtained in plain schizophrenia, borderline states and severe neuroses.
 ...
PMID:[Long-term use of 200 mg Dogmatil. Apropos of 13 cases]. 614 85

It can be said that sulpiride exerts a disinhibitory effect in both depression and schizophrenia but this is not associated with mechanisms through which typical antidepressant or anxiolytic agents act. Sulpiride acts selectively as a dopamine receptor antagonist in the brain, its effects on other neuronal systems being extremely limited. Indeed, it may act even selectively within the dopamine systems in that it would appear it specifically interacts with one sub-population of cerebral dopamine receptors. Within a given dopamine receptor system sulpiride may exert a differential pre-synaptic action on dopamine neurones although the evidence for this remains controversial. The disinhibitory effects in depression may be due to a preferential pre-synaptic action of the drug on dopamine neurones causing over-activation of cerebral dopamine post-synaptic receptors causing behavioural arousal and motor facilitation. On the other hand, the disinhibitory effect of sulpiride in schizophrenia may also involve the preferential pre-synaptic action of the drug coupled with the specificity of post-synaptic action to result in little sedation or motor retardation. Sulpiride may also differentially antagonise post-synaptic dopamine receptors in different brain areas and this may also be critically involves in its unusual spectrum of neuroleptic action.
 ...
PMID:The mode of action of sulpiride as an atypical antidepressant agent. 704 70

Sulpiride is a substituted benzamide with a selective action on receptors of the dopamine D2-like family, and clinical and pharmacological data suggest that it could be considered to be an atypical antipsychotic. Sulpiride penetrates the blood-brain barrier poorly because of its low lipid solubility. It is mainly excreted unchanged in the urine, and accumulation of the drug could occur in patients with renal dysfunction and possibly in elderly patients with declining glomerular filtration rate. At low dosages (50 to 150 mg/day), sulpiride produces a disinhibiting and antidepressant effect, which is probably related to its action on D2 presynaptic autoreceptors, thus facilitating dopaminergic neurotransmission. Data have confirmed the efficacy of sulpiride in patients with acute or chronic schizophrenia during both short and long term treatment, but long term, placebo-controlled trials are still lacking. It is still doubtful whether sulpiride is more effective than typical antipsychotics for the treatment of negative symptoms. Data from clinical studies are controversial; the majority of authors indicate that sulpiride produces a better recovery rate from negative than from positive symptoms at low doses, but it shows a similar efficacy either on negative and positive symptoms at higher doses. The safety profile of sulpiride is similar to that of typical antipsychotics, although the frequency of adverse effects seems to be globally lower. Extrapyramidal reactions appear generally to be mild. Autonomic effects occur less frequently with sulpiride than with typical antipsychotics, showing no clinically relevant influence on cardiovascular parameters and, on the whole, good tolerability in elderly patients. Sulpiride is known to induce prolactin elevation in both serum and CSF, which may be associated with impotence in men and diminished gonadal function in women; these effects appear to be dosage-dependent. Sulpiride can be considered to be an atypical antipsychotic, considering its action on negative, defective symptoms, its partial activity against positive symptoms, and its low incidence of extrapyramidal adverse effects. Sulpiride could find its specific therapeutic role in elderly patients with schizophrenia, as it shows a good margin of safety between therapeutic dosages and toxic concentrations.
 ...
PMID:A risk-benefit assessment of sulpiride in the treatment of schizophrenia. 880 Jun 26

ANTIPSYCHOTIC PROPERTIES: Compared with traditional neuroleptics, antipsychotics affect receptors other than dopaminergic receptors, particularly serotonin receptors. Clinically, antipsychotics have little or no extrapyramidal effects and do not induce late dyskinesia. They are effective for productive symptoms. It is more difficult to evidence their antideficiency effect. Antipsychotics can improve certain cases of resistant schizophrenia. LIMITATIONS OF NEUROLEPTICS: Clinical response to traditional neuroleptics is not really satisfactory for approximately one quarter of the patients. In addition, problems of tolerance, particularly neurological disorders, are important. ATYPICAL NEUROLEPTICS: Sulpiride can be considered as a precursor. Amisulpride is a more recent derivative. Clozapine, risperidone and olanzapine are also distributed in France. Other compounds should be available soon. UNRESOLVED QUESTIONS: The long-term effect of these new drugs, whether similar to or superior to classical compounds, remains to be determined as well as their long-term safety profile. In addition, due to high cost, first line use of these new antipsychotics requires a cost/ benefit analysis.
 ...
PMID:[Re-evaluating neuroleptics: their antipsychotic properties?]. 992 95


1 2 Next >>