Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0036341 (schizophrenia)
 60,220 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 19-year-old female was admitted to hospital due to a schizophrenia-like psychosis of the paranoid type including delusions and various hallucinations. Neurologically she only showed tics of the eyebrows with increased eye blinking. 30 months before an astrocytoma located on the left basal temporal lobe had been resected after the patient suffered from several psychomotor and two grand mal seizures. Following post-operative anticonvulsant therapy seizures had completely disappeared and the patient had been free of symptoms of any kind. After the acute onset of the psychosis another follow-up MRI of the brain using coronary sections revealed a small relapse-tumor. Symptoms disappeared after high-dose neuroleptic therapy. Finally another surgical intervention led to a lasting remission of the psychotic symptomatology (so far 18 months). Postoperatively neuroleptics could be discontinued. Clinical picture and MRI findings will be discussed with a focus on possible etiological factors in schizophrenia.
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PMID:[Remission of schizophreniform psychosis after brain tumor surgery]. 141 83

This is a case of Ramsay Hunt syndrome with mental disorder. The patient had action myoclonus, grand mal seizure and severe cerebellar ataxia. Schizophrenia-like symptoms including delusion of persecution and self-reference, auditory hallucination and incoherence were characteristically observed before the neurological disturbance became manifest. Subsequently, euphoria, disinhibition, moria and mild dementia appeared with neurological symptoms. The possibility of Ramsay Hunt syndrome to accompany organic mental syndromes and the relationship between cerebellar dysfunction and psychiatric symptoms are discussed.
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PMID:Ramsay Hunt syndrome with mental disorder. 181 81

The effect of long-term treatment with clozapine in schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder was evaluated in a retrospective study comprising 96 patients treated with the drug during the period 1974-1986 at the Psychiatric Research Center in Uppsala. All patients had previously been treated with different kinds of antipsychotic drugs but with insufficient clinical effect or distressing extrapyramidal side effects. When clozapine treatment was initiated, the mean duration of the illness was 8 years and 9 months. In 36% of the patients clozapine treatment was discontinued, the main reasons being lack of efficacy, poor compliance or temporary withdrawal from the market in 1975. Clinical evaluation of the effect revealed that 85% of the patients could be discharged from the hospital within a year and that 43% of the patients were significantly and 38% moderately improved compared to previous treatments. Of those patients who were still on clozapine 2 years after the treatment was initiated, 39% had employment compared to only 3% before clozapine. In ten patients a transient decrement in white blood cells (WBC) was noted but normalized during ongoing treatment. One patient developed leukopenia and one agranulocytosis, none with fatal outcome. Common side effects were sedation, hypersalivation, weight gain and obstipation. In one patient clozapine treatment was stopped because of grand mal seizures. No extrapyramidal side effects were observed or reported during clozapine treatment. It is concluded that clozapine offers particular advantages for many "therapy-resistant" schizophrenic patients when compared to classical neuroleptics.
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PMID:A retrospective study on the long-term efficacy of clozapine in 96 schizophrenic and schizoaffective patients during a 13-year period. 281 70

Zotepine, a new neuroleptic, was administered to 23 hospitalized patients with schizophrenia at doses of 75 to 600 mg/d for 21 to 42 days. Based upon analysis of conventional rating scales we observed a significant improvement (P less than 0.001) during week 1, which compound throughout the study period. After 21 days we identified 17 responders and 6 nonresponders, 2 of whom dropped out of the study because of a tonic-clonic seizure in one case and withdrawal of consent to further participation in the second case. During further treatment the improvement remaind stable in the responder group, while 1 nonresponder improved after 3 weeks of treatment. In 9 patients extrapyramidal symptoms were observed (6 parkinsonism, 2 early dyskinesia, 1 parkinsonism and early dyskinesia), which required sporadic (n = 3) or continuous (n = 2) treatment with biperiden in 5 cases. This low incidence of extrapyramidal symptoms necessitating coadministration of anticholinergic drugs suggests that the risk of inducing parkinsonism and dyskinesias during zotepine treatment is low. Comparison of cortisol, growth hormone and prolactin release in normal controls challenged with 25 mg zotepine showed that only prolactin secretion is increased, while secretion of cortisol and growth hormone remains unaffected. The clinical effects observed in the present study show that zotepine has potential value in the treatment of schizophrenia. The findings warrant further study in controlled trials.
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PMID:Clinical and neuroendocrine effects of zotepine--a new neuroleptic drug. 288 78

From March 1976 until March 1979, 28 patients with disabling emotional symptoms were studied in the Psychiatry and Neurosurgery Departments at Tulane University, and pre-selected for cerebellar electrode implantation and subsequent cerebellar stimulation. This series include 12 patients with different types of schizophrenia; 7 epileptic patients with Grand Mal and/or psychomotor attacks, and concomitant psychiatric symptoms; 5 patients with intractable depression; and 4 patients with miscellaneous psychiatric symptoms. Follow-up results are graded as excellent, good, fair and poor. The authors conclude that significant improvement were observed in many patients, and the results, although preliminary and incomplete, are encouraging.
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PMID:Chronic cerebellar stimulation in the modulation of behavior. 680 46

Clozapine is a novel antipsychotic agent effective in treating refractory schizophrenia. Clozapine produces fewer extrapyramidal effects than other neuroleptics, although agranulocytosis and seizures are significant adverse effects. To characterize the spectrum of clozapine-related electroencephalographic abnormalities, we identified 10 patients who had electroencephalograms (EEGs) performed before and during clozapine treatment. These 10 patients represented a subset of individuals participating in an investigational trial. During clozapine treatment, five developed myoclonus and one experienced a generalized tonic-clonic seizure. Records were retrospectively reviewed by an electroencephalographer blinded to the patient's history and medications. All patients had normal EEGs before clozapine treatment. While receiving clozapine (250-900 mg daily), all patients developed background slowing in the theta and often delta ranges. Additionally, 7 patients exhibited bilateral spike, polyspike and slow wave discharges, one with a photoparoxysmal response. Follow-up EEGs performed in 4 of these 7 patients after a decrease in clozapine dosage and/or addition in valproic acid showed diminished epileptiform activity.
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PMID:Spectrum of EEG abnormalities during clozapine treatment. 752 49

A schizophrenic patient suffered from an episode of unexpected grand mal seizure following an enflurane unaesthetic for biopsy of an orbital lesion. The seizure was brief and subsided spontaneously. An assessment of the anaesthetic technique and a thorough neurological examination which included a CT scan and an EEG, failed to demonstrate any obvious cause for the convulsion. The patient was not an epileptic and was receiving neuroleptic drugs preoperatively for the treatment of schizophrenia. A synergistic role of enflurane and neuroleptic drugs is producing seizure activity in this patients is a distinct possibility. Caution is therefore recommended when administering enflurane to patients on neuroleptic drugs.
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PMID:Convulsions after enflurane in a schizophrenic patient receiving neuroleptics. 805 10

Abdominal computed tomography aids in the evaluation of the conditions in the stomach and will decrease needless gastric lavage in acute poisoning patients. A 16-year-old girl with a history of schizophrenia with depressive disorder was taken to our hospital. Her Glasgow Coma Scale was 8. Symptoms related to anticholinergic effects were strongly present. Her electrocardiogram showed sinus tachycardia with 60 milliseconds of QRS duration. Computed tomography images showed that the patient had a large amount of debris derived from tablets in her stomach and duodenum. We performed gastric aspiration through a nasogastric tube and not gastric lavage, and it took 5 minutes to complete the procedure. We administered activated charcoal 3 times. Intubation was not performed. Other than tonic-clonic seizure that was observed once, neither cardiovascular nor neurologic symptoms were observed. She recovered fully and admitted that she had ingested more than a hundred tablets almost 10 hours before being brought to our hospital. Computed tomography images show a cluster of tablets and debris to be of a higher density than tissues; this allows quantitative and qualitative evaluations to be performed. We were able to treat the patient with effective use of nasogastric tube.
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PMID:Efficacy of abdominal computed tomography and nasogastric tube in acute poisoning patients. 1860 51

A 19-year-old female in her 2nd trimester (17 weeks) of pregnancy became irritable a few days before admission. She became unable to open her mouth and could not talk. She was admitted to the psychiatric hospital due to a rapid change in behavior and a consciousness disturbance. She was diagnosed as having schizophrenia by a psychiatrist. Her EEG showed diffuse high voltage and slow waves. Acute encephalitis was then suspected. Her past and family histories were not suggestive of viral infection. On physical examination, she had a low grade fever. She had hyperhidrosis, autophagia, and repeated oral dyskinesia. Her consciousness level fluctuated from somnolence to stupor. Although her blood CRP level was mildly elevated and she had mild pleocytosis, HSV-PCR was negative in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Abdominal ultrasound examination and MRI showed no ovarian teratoma. Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed no brain abnormalities. Before analysis for specific nervous system antibodies, the initial diagnosis was non-herpetic limbic encephalitis. She was twice treated with a 6-day course of methylprednisolone (500 mg/day) infusion. She was also given phenobarbital since she had a tonic-clonic seizure about 1 month after admission. Finally, she had a normal delivery at 37 weeks. The baby was healthy, and the patient was discharged without sequelae. We concluded that her diagnosis was anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor (anti-NMDAR) encephalitis based on the presence of anti-NMDAR antibody in the CSF. This report is the first description of a patient with anti-NMDAR antibody encephalitis. The precise mechanism of this encephalitis is not clear, although there have been several reports of autoimmune encephalitis during pregnancy. The patient's CSF anti-NMDAR antibody titer during treatment was measured. Before treatment, the CSF anti-NMDAR antibody titer was strongly positive, but it decreased during treatment and then disappeared after delivery. We hypothesized that the presence of the embryo or placenta may have triggered an antigenic signal and/or antibody through inappropriate immunological modulation.
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PMID:[Anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis during pregnancy]. 2019 92

We report a 62-year-old man who have taken major tranquilizer for schizophrenia for the past 24 years. He had sudden generalized tonic-clonic seizure and consciousness loss on April 2010. He was administered diazepam, phenytoin, phenobarbital intravenously and drip-infused with midazolam continuously, but the seizure persisted. For a possible comorbidity of neuroleptic malignant syndrome, we administered dantrolene sodium intravenously and bromocriptine through a nasal gastric tube. The refractory status epilepticus disappeared immediately after the administration. Status epilepticus remitted 2 days later but again disappeared with repeated injection of dantrolene. These results suggested that intravenous administration of dantrolene may have alleviated the refractory symptoms of status epilepticus.
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PMID:[A case of status epilepticus with a possible therapeutic effect by dantrolene sodium]. 2253 60


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