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Query: UMLS:C0036341 (schizophrenia)
 60,220 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The change in paragraph 218 of the criminal code regarding abortion was responsible for new guidelines for the psychiatric evaluation regarding a therapeutic abortion is reported. The commonest indications were medical reasons such as exhaustion, and reactive depression. There was one case of schizophrenia, one case of affective psychosis, two attempted suicides, twenty reactive depressions, one character disorder, and one case of cerebral seizures. Five applications were approved. The follow-up evaluation of the women with the approved and dismissed applications for therapeutic abortions showed no physical or psychic abnormalities. A comparison with 88 German applicants showed similar results. The stringent evaluation of applications for therapeutic abortion is still necessary even after the change of the law.
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PMID:[Desire for therapeutic abortion in the dependents of foreign workers. Outpatients psychiatric evaluation (author's transl)]. 70 Mar 47

Using a clinico-psychological approach, personality changes have been studied in 40 patients with attack-like schizophrenia presenting asthenic (n = 22) or sthenic (n = 18) types of remissions. The common regularities have been identified, namely personality alterations of a superficial level with the preservation of "the nucleus of personality". In an asthenic type of remission the defect is total and all the main components of the personality are involved. This variant of schizophrenic defect is distinguished by impairment of the motivational-stimulating component of mental activity without reduction in its other components (exhaustion, fatigue, etc.) characteristic of asthenic syndromes of other etiology. In a sthenic type of remission personality changes are partial.
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PMID:[Comparative clinico-psychological research on asthenic and sthenic remissions in attack-like schizophrenia]. 367 85

The century of German psychiatry between 1899 and 1999 was shaped by creative and catastrophic contrasts. For the beginning and the end these contrasts and the tensions between them can be personalized by the names of Kraepelin and Freud. During the time in between there was the unfolding of the ideas of schizophrenia, classical psychiatry, psychotherapy, structural theories, pharmaco-psychiatry, anthropological psychiatry, social psychiatry and of many other creative theories and methods in manyfold ways. But during the time in between there was also Nazi psychiatry. In historical perspective not only the murdering of countless psychiatric patients was a disaster. Expulsion, intellectual exhaustion, death of many psychiatrists and war damages too had catastrophic consequences. Only seemingly as a paradox Nazi time and its sequels were followed by global acknowledgement for and globalization of German psychiatry. But this period has come to an end too. Resources and man power are available, the path is free for completely new ideas.
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PMID:[A century of German psychiatry (1899-1999)]. 1068 51

Jet lag is a travel-induced circadian rhythm phenomenon that afflicts healthy individuals following long- distance flights through several time zones. The typical jet-lag manifestations - insomnia during local sleep time, day fatigue, reduced concentration, irritability, and exhaustion with mild depression - are attributed to transient desynchronization in the circadian rhythm until the internal biological clock is rephased to the new environmental conditions. There is strong evidence relating affective disorders with circadian rhythm abnormalities. Less convincing suggestions relate jet lag to psychosis. It can be hypothesized that in predisposed individuals jet lag may play a role in triggering exacerbation or even de novo affective disorders. Furthermore, we propose the possibility that psychosis and even schizophrenia can be elicited by jet lag. This outlook gains its support from case studies and some common underlying phase-advanced biological denominators involved in both jet lag sufferers and psychotic patients.
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PMID:Psychiatric aspects of jet lag: review and hypothesis. 1113 50

Recently, the 'cognitive dysmetria' theory for schizophrenia has been formulated. According to this theory, a primary neurocognitive dysfunction is the core of schizophrenia and underlies symptom formation. The suggested perceptual fragmentation of external stimuli and inability to connect such perceptions with internal schemata is suggested to lead to positive symptoms, while defensive self-restriction and the exhaustion of the mental apparatus lead to negative symptomatology. Objections to this theory include observations (i) that patients with dominant positive symptoms, e.g., delusions, hallucinations, manifest better neurocognitive function and (ii) that typically antipsychotics significantly reduce positive symptoms and thus improve both the clinical picture and the functioning (to the extent it is reduced with positive symptoms) of the patients, yet have little or no effect on negative, e.g., loss of volition, emotional blunting, and neurocognitive symptomatology, e.g., attentional and memory deficit. The literature suggests that neurocognitive symptoms group independently of other symptomatology. It is suggested that there is currently more evidence against than in favor of the 'cognitive dysmetria' theory.
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PMID:Arguments against the cognitive dysmetria hypothesis of schizophrenia. 1208 2

This study examined concerns regarding menopause among women with schizophrenia/schizoaffective disorder (N = 30), women with bipolar disorder (N = 25), and women with major depression (N = 36). The three groups were compared regarding knowledge of menopause, expectations of effect of menopause, and menopause-related quality of life. All women had deficits in fund of knowledge regarding menopause. More than half (53.8%) agreed that they felt more stressed due to menopause or approaching menopause, and 51.6% felt that menopause has had a negative effect on their emotional state. Perceptions of menopause effect on emotional states between the three groups were similar. The top five symptoms experienced by women with serious mental illness were all problems related to psychological issues: feeling depressed (88%, N = 80), feeling anxious (88%, N = 80), feeling tired or worn out (87%, N = 79), feeling a lack of energy (86%, N = 78), and experiencing poor memory (84%, N = 76). Larger-scale studies evaluating the effects of menopause on serious mental illness are needed to clarify how menopause affects illness outcomes in women with serious mental illness.
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PMID:Menopause knowledge and subjective experience among peri- and postmenopausal women with bipolar disorder, schizophrenia and major depression. 1653 34

Care of a person with mental illness involves multiple burdens, possibly leading to burnout. This study compares partners of persons with schizophrenia and depression with nursing staff based on dimensions of burnout. Nursing staff and partners of patients with schizophrenia or depression were consecutively recruited from psychiatric hospitals and interviewed with the Maslach Burnout Inventory. No significant differences were found in the three dimensions of burnout (emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and personal accomplishment) for the two groups of caregivers. About one fourth of the respondents in both groups showed a high degree of burnout. Professional and nonprofessional caregivers face a similar degree of burden and need support to perform their caretaking tasks.
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PMID:Burnout of caregivers: a comparison between partners of psychiatric patients and nurses. 1684 76

A 22-year-old woman went through a period with a labile mood that first turned into psychotic hyperactivity and was then followed by hyperthermia and exhaustion. This was accompanied by diminished consciousness, sinus arrhythmia and respiratory insufficiency. With a working diagnosis of 'lethal catatonia' she was treated by electroshock and later also with the antipsychotic agent quetiapine. After a few electroshock treatments her vital functions improved and ultimately, the patient recovered. Lethal catatonia is characterised by acute excitation, catalepsy, autonomic instability and fever, which can lead to death. The syndrome often starts with mood instability, which turns into hyperactivity accompanied by hyperthermia and exhaustion. The creatine kinase, blood-sedimentation rate and leukocyte count are often raised. Lethal catatonia must be distinguished from the neuroleptic malignant syndrome, serotonin syndrome and encephalitis. The pathophysiology is unclear, but most reports suggest a hypodopaminergic state. The syndrome is associated with affective disorders and schizophrenia. Early recognition is made difficult by the low frequency of appearance, diversity in nomenclature, and strong resemblance to other syndromes.
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PMID:[A young woman with a labile mood, hyperactivity, hyperthermia and exhaustion: symptoms of lethal catatonia]. 1708 56

Approximately 343,680 individuals in Thailand suffering from schizophrenia are cared for at home by relatives, most of whom have a little knowledge of the disease; therefore they're left to develop their own strategies of care. Data were collected by in-depth interviews and observation involving 17 caregivers of relatives diagnosed with schizophrenia. Data were analyzed using the constant-comparative method of grounded theory. Caregivers' chief concern was avoiding psychotic episodes. They do this through a process we call "tactful monitoring," which includes the co-variables "unobtrusive observation" and strategies for calming. Caregivers follow a trajectory that leads them to a state of exhaustion, tired and sad, and fearful about the future care of their loved one. Findings from this study led the authors to conclude that in Thailand, caregivers were able to develop creative ways of tending to their relatives with schizophrenia at home, but not without significant cost to themselves. Limited provision for caregiver education and respite exists. If education and increased respite care were instituted, caregivers could benefit, and patients might avoid expensive inpatient visits.
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PMID:Tactful monitoring: how thai caregivers manage their relative with schizophrenia at home. 1821 77

The impact of variable implementation of the Assertive Community Treatment (ACT) model on patient outcomes is increasingly recognised. We conducted the first study of four established Australian ACT teams, examining team composition, processes and model fidelity, using previously validated questionnaires. Demographic and clinical details of patients and their own experiences of ACT were gathered from staff. Associations between burnout and work experiences were examined. All teams were ACT-like (mean DACTS score = 3.7, SD = 0.3) with few significant patient differences between teams, except diagnosis (schizophrenia 61-93%, co-morbid substance abuse 16-33%) and proportion living alone (23-72%). Clinicians were fairly satisfied, but inter-team differences in staffing profile and experience emerged and one team scored highly on emotional exhaustion. Increased burnout was associated with greater stress due to taking a team approach. Inter-team differences suggested that attention to effective team working and leadership, as well as model fidelity, may be warranted.
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PMID:Implementation of assertive community treatment in Australia: model fidelity, patient characteristics and staff experiences. 2208 45


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