Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0036341 (schizophrenia)
 60,220 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

During the fiscal year 1 April 1972 to 31 March 1973, 22,210 ECT treatments in 3,438 series were given in Denmark (6-46 treatments per series). Indications for treatment were: endogenous depression, acute delirium, mania, hysterical psychosis, reactive depression and schizophrenia. Unilateral ECT was used in more than half of the departments concerned. Two treatments were given weekly. The types of apparatus and anaesthesia techniques used are described. One death, which had questionable relation to the ECT, was reported, and other complications were few and mild. The advantages of ECT compared to tricyclic antidepressants are described, including the higher percentage of remissions or improvements in the treatment of endogenous depressions (about 80 per cent for ECT compared to about 60 per cent for tricyclic antidepressants). Little risk was found in out-patient administration of ECT. With present techniques and unilateral placement of electrodes out-patient ECT may be recommended for wider use than before.
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PMID:Electroconvulsive therapy in Denmark. 125 87

Ondansetron hydrochloride dihydrate is a 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT3) antagonist that was recently approved by the Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of chemotherapy-induced emesis. The mechanism of action is thought to be due to competitive inhibition of specific serotonin receptors in the central nervous system and gastrointestinal tract. In clinical trials with cisplatin-induced emesis, ondansetron resulted in complete control of vomiting (0-2 episodes) in 55-87% of patients during the first 24 hours of chemotherapy administration. It was significantly more effective than metoclopramide in comparative trials. Ondansetron is also being investigated for the treatment of radiation- and anesthesia-associated nausea and vomiting. Studies in animals demonstrate potential efficacy in the treatment of anxiety, drug withdrawal, and schizophrenia. The drug is generally well tolerated, with no reported extrapyramidal reactions.
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PMID:Parenteral ondansetron for the treatment of chemotherapy- and radiation-induced nausea and vomiting. 153 80

The preanaesthetic interview and examination is difficult in case of schizophrenia. The lack of communication can be responsible for late recognition of surgical diseases. The treatment by neuroleptic drugs should not be interrupted. It can interfere with anaesthesia, yet all anaesthetic methods can be safely used including local and regional anaesthesia to be performed under sedation. Postoperative care requires psychiatric nursing staff and is often rendered difficult by the patients agitated behaviour. In catatonic schizophrenia it can be difficult to diagnose a malignant syndrome of neuroleptics. Peristaltis is slowed by neuroleptic and antiparkinson drugs and pseudoileus may occur. Appropriate medical treatment to evacuate the bowels is needed.
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PMID:[Anesthesia in the schizophrenic]. 162 42

A 27 year-old female in 39th week gestation with schizophrenia underwent an emergency Cesarean section using general anesthesia. A diagnosis of schizophrenia was made two years previously, since then oral anti-psychotic drugs such as chlorpromazine had been given to her. In June 1989 she suddenly became excited and generalized muscle rigidity was observed without any triggering episodes. Her excitement was so marked that we had to administer intramuscular levomepromazine 75 mg and diazepam 10 mg to her, but they failed to sedate her adequately. Emergency Cesarean section was scheduled to overcome this situation. Spinal or epidural anesthesia was not indicated because of her vigorous excitement, and anesthesia was induced with thiopental 350 mg and succinylcholine 40 mg. Induction-delivery time was 12 minutes. Pentazocine 30 mg in combination with nitrous oxide was given for the maintenance of anesthesia. Plasma levomepromazine levels were 46.9 ng.ml-1 in the mother and 11.3 ng.ml-1 in the umbilical vein, respectively. The baby's Apgar score was 9 and 1 min and 9 at 5 min after the delivery. The baby developed slight generalized tremor until next day, probably due to effect of levomepromazine given before the Cesarean section. The patient was discharged without any cardiorespiratory trouble and her baby has been doing well so far.
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PMID:[An emergency cesarean section using general anesthesia for a patient with schizophrenia]. 202 Jan 5

Studies of the psychopathological structure of anesthetic depressions in 60 patients with attack-like progressive schizophrenia made it possible to distinguish three types of depressive conditions: anxious-anesthetic with agitation, melancholic-anesthetic with a characteristic depressive triad, self-accusation ideas and adynamic disorders and pure-anesthetic ones where psychic anesthesia was the most significant manifestation of the depressive condition with immaterial intensity of other symptoms of depression. In anxious-anesthetic depressions, psychic anesthesia was characterized by primarily sensual character (little differentiated sensation of internal emptiness), whereas in pure-anesthetic depressions, it was marked by primarily ideational character (sensation of inferiority of different sides of emotional life); in melancholic-anesthetic depressions, psychic anesthesia was sensual-ideational in nature and was the main plot for self-accusation ideas. A number of regularities were revealed in the dynamics of anesthetic depression attacks to establish that the types of depressive conditions described previously were stages in the development of an attack.
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PMID:[Psychopathology of endogenous anesthetic depression]. 216 90

China's population is increasing at a rate of 12 million/year and the population doubled from 1949 to 1982. By the end of the century there will be 1 billion 300 million people when the land resources can accommodate only 680 million inhabitants. The policy of 1 child aims only at curtailing this growth by a system of awards and penalties. Contraceptives are free and widely available. As a result there are 32 million single children, and there is concern about the future care of the elderly. Since 1949 health care has improved. The infant mortality rate decreased from 200/1000 in 1949 to 34/1000 in 1982. Average life expectancy rose from 35 to 68 years. There are 2 million hospital beds and over 4 million medical personnel. Contagious and infectious diseases were eliminated in the 1950s, however, 60 million Chinese suffer from endemic disease, especially from snail fever. 40 million women use IUDs. There are 144 medical schools with 144,000 students. 1,200,000 paramedics provide primary care in the communes. There is an acute shortage of nurses because of its lowly status. Dependents pay 50% of health care while it is free for workers. Health education campaigns are widespread (1 child only, stop smoking). The elderly are cared for by their children, but grandparents also take care of grandchildren. Retirement age is 55 or 60 depending on gender and type of work. Professional visits were made to the Beijing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital (gallstone treatment with herbs, heat-producing moxibustion for blood circulation), Norman Bethune Hospital, (suction and prostaglandins for abortion), Dongying Commune, Hebei Medical College (25 specialties for postgraduate students), Shandong Psychiatric Hospital in Jinan (treatment of acute psychoses, schizophrenia, or mania), the Provincial Hospital Jinan (cesarean operations are done with acupuncture anesthesia), Jinan School of Health (nursing curriculum demonstration), Shanghai First Social Welfare Home for the Elderly, and to several factories.
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PMID:Aspects of health care in China. 250 88

Oxytocin neurotropic qualities were investigated in "reserpine depression" tests under ethanol and levomepromazine anesthesia, phenamine depression, haloperidol catatonia and swimming of experimental animals in the cylinder. Twenty seven patients with schizophrenia were treated with the hormone mentioned, injected intravenously and/or intranasally, using a double blind control test. The activating psychotropic oxytocin effects were revealed, allowing one to utilize it as a therapeutic means for psychosis treatment.
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PMID:[Psychotropic properties of oxytocin]. 671 33

Five mentally disturbed patients had flexion contractures of the middle, ring, and little fingers of one or both hands. All gave a history of psychiatric illness manifested by depression. Since no organic etiology for the contractures was found, the authors name this condition the "psycho-flexed hand." Four of the five patients were middle-aged women who suffered long-term depression, hypochondriasis, and/or schizophrenia. The patients' severely contracted fingers often macerated the palm. Manipulation under anesthesia and splinting only temporarily relieved the contractures. Multiple complications occurred following splinting and hand therapy, as well as surgery. Therefore, caution is urged when attempting surgical correction before resolving the mental illness.
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PMID:The psycho-flexed hand. 683 98

A 39-year-old female with chronic schizophrenia underwent an emergency caesarean section under general anesthesia at her 39th week of gestation. A diagnosis of schizophrenia was made at 28 years of age and since then oral antipsychotic drugs, haloperidol and levomepromazine had been given orally. She had only taken haloperidol 4 mg per day between the 12th week of gestation and the day of surgery. At the 39th week of gestation, she developed a marked excitement which would have caused fetal distress. We decided to terminate her gestation. As the excitement was diagnosed as psychokinesis, we avoided using phenothiazine which might affect fetus and administered haloperidol 5 mg intramuscularly 210 and 30 minutes before emergency caesarean section. Anesthesia was induced with intravenous thiopental 300 mg and suxamethonium 60 mg. Pentazocine 30 mg in combination with nitrous oxide 70% in oxygen was given for the maintenance of anesthesia. During operation blood pressure was 160-180/80-90 mmHg, the heart rate was 90-100 beats.min-1. Hypertension and tachycardia might have been partially due to preoperative haloperidol. The induction-delivery time was 4 minutes 30 seconds. Plasma haloperidol levels were 23.8 ng.ml-1 in maternal venous blood and 8.8 ng.ml-1 in umbilical vein just after the delivery. The Apgar score was 7 at one minute and 8 at five minutes after delivery. The baby developed slight muscle weakness and poor sucking for two days after delivery and this was supposedly due to effect of preoperative haloperidol.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Emergency caesarean section for a patient with chronic schizophrenia]. 796 30

The psychic ill man, no matter the gravity of the syndrome presented, is not undesirable and does not constitute a contraindication in ocular surgery. But in these situations a correct evaluation of the general and ocular state must be done, and also a correct premedication, a local or general on case good-conducted anesthesia and a close cooperation with the psychiatrist. Are discussed the problems of the little psychiatry which appear in the ocular interventions: senile psychosis, unorganical psychoses like ambulatory schizophrenia, maniacal-depress psychosis and paranoia decompensated by surgical act.
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PMID:[Psychiatric aspects in eye surgery]. 833 30


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