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Query: UMLS:C0036341 (schizophrenia)
 60,220 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Evidence that schizophrenia may be a prostaglandin deficiency disease comes from three main sources: (1) all effective antischizophrenic drugs stimulate prolactin secretion and prolactin is a potent stimulator of prostaglandin synthesis; (2) schizophrenics are resistant to pain and inflammation and are free of rheumatoid arthritis and there is increasing evidence that prostaglandins play important roles in pain, inflammation, and rheumatoid arthritis; (3) high doses of drugs recently shown to be prostaglandin antagonists cause schizophrenia-like syndromes. The hypothesis is not necessarily inconsistent with current transmitter theories of schizophrenia since prostaglandins modify transmitter secretion and action. It does indicate radically new approaches to investigation, treatment, and drug design not suggested by the transmitter concepts.
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PMID:Schizophrenia as a prostaglandin deficiency disease. 6 91

Psychophysical pain ratings and somatosensory evoked potentials (EPs) were studied in 17 off-medication patients with schizophrenia and 17 age- and sex-matched normal controls. Five of the 17 schizophrenic patients also participated in a clinical trial of naltrexone. In comparison with normal controls, schizophrenic patients were significantly more insensitive to painful stimulation (based on nonparametric analogues of d'from signal detection analysis) and had significantly smaller somatosensory EPs to painful stimuli. Schizophreniucs treated with naltrexone showed significant increases in EP amplitude at higher stimulus intensities and hyperalgesic effects on pain ratings.
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PMID:Analgesia to pain stimuli in schizophrenics and its reversal by naltrexone. 29 39

In a consecutive series of 227 psychiatric hospital admissions, data were recorded in respect of the complaint of pain. Eighty-six (38%) had pain. Fourty-four (19%) mentioned it spontaneously and 49 (22%) had no relevant physical cause. Women were affected more often than men (P less than 0.01) and tended to complain more often of severe pain (P less than 0.01). Severe pain was more often reported spontaneously (P less than 0.02). Also, the longer pain lasted the more likely the patient was to report it spontaneously (P less than 0.02). Men more often had a relevant physical diagnosis (P less than 0.05) and the low back was the commonest site of pain in them. Pain was relatively often associated with diagnoses of anxiety and personality disorder and relatively infrequently with schizophrenia, organic brain syndromes and transient situational disturbances. It is concluded that whilst there is a strong association between pain and psychiatric illness, this is less prominent, paradoxically, in some of the more severe psychiatric disturbances.
Pain 1978 Apr
PMID:Significance of pain in psychiatric hospital patients. 64

The term glossodynia refers to all conditions with pain and dysaesthesia of the tongue and entire oral mucosa manifesting themselves in burning, prickling, itching, stinging, and other frequently bizarre sensations as well as subjective xerostomia and bad taste. In most cases psychiatric diseases are the cause of the complex of complaints whereas local and general disorders are of only minor importance. Menopausal women with atypical depression are most often affected. Schizophrenia and abnormal personality development are far less frequent in glossodynia. After exclusion or therapy of organic disorders antidepressants are the treatment of choice in glossodynia. Thereapeutic difficulties may arise in patients suffering from marked xerostomia whose complaints may intensify during therapy because of the anticholinergic effect of most antidepressants, and in neurotic persons.
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PMID:[Psychological aspects of glossodynia (author's transl)]. 67 25

It appears that a uniform "psychosomatic headache" does not exist. This is due to 1. the variety of phenomenology, 2. the variety of causes and 3. the variety of results in the psychodiagnostic and psychotherapeutic field. Analysis of the factors active in headache was attempted in a field study and on the basis of a systematic survey of many years of clinical experience. Within the framework of the concept of multifactorial causation of headaches we found 3 particularly important factors: vasolability, depression and the cervical spine. From the psychodynamic situation disturbing factors appear to be able to produce or maintain headache in this way. Physical examination by itself without taking psychodynamics into account will have to be called just as incomplete as an approach based exclusively on depth psychology alone. The questions on endogeneicity versus exogenicity have to be thought about both from points of phenomenology and individual analysis of the psychodynamic background of every patient, as part of a complex concept of treatment. Headache as an early sign of schizophrenia is rare but should not be forgotten. Among the many factors causing headache it is by no means always clear what is cause and what effect. Often there appears to be interaction which continues in the end autonomously or increases. It has been described on the example of the painspiral in the region of the cervical spine. For diagnosis we try to determine the various pathogenic factors via an anterospective program of examination. This will serve as the basis for our "targetted polypragmasia" i.e. we attempt to influence at one and the same time many of the factors which have been recognized as pathogenic. Drugtherapy apart we favor somatic vegetative stimulation. The results of our field study (strong preponderance of headaches among the non-manual professions together with clinical experience) support our view that in this way we enter an etiologically highly effective circuit. The effectiveness of phsychotherapy lies for the greater number of headache-patients within the zone of initial clearance, less in the direct action on the syndrome of pain. As main therapy psychotherapy has proved effective only in individual cases of predominantly psychogenic headache. We could also discuss the role of neuroleptic sleep cures which soothe psychologically and act also biochemically. No short-cuts and no sound simple prescriptions for the treatment of headache could be given. But the author hopes to have contributed to understanding of a complex field which may result in multi-layered but also clearly defined factors and their more effective therapy.
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PMID:[Interaction of phsychologic and somatic factors in headache (author's transl)]. 104 59

The various phases of the usual or normal reaction to the experienced loss which follows a spinal cord injury include: denial, withdrawal, internalized hostility, externalized hostility, and reaction against dependence. There are also various implications of the major categories or pre-existing psychopathology as they interact with a spinal cord injury in the rehabilitation processes. The major forms of pre-existing psychopathology are: depression, schizophrenia, personality disorders, and neuroses. The psychological management of pain problems is facilitated by a phenomenological classification of pain sensations from the paralyzed portion of the body. Sexual functioning is an early concern of the patient and the rehabilitation program should consider his individual requirements. The family is an important part of the total rehabilitation program.
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PMID:Psychological aspects of treatment and rehabilitation of the spinal cord injured person. 123 15

Animal data indicate that serotonin (5-HT) is a major neurotransmitter involved in the control of numerous central nervous system functions including mood, aggression, pain, anxiety, sleep, memory, eating behavior, addictive behavior, temperature control, endocrine regulation, and motor behavior. Moreover, there is evidence that abnormalities of 5-HT functions are related to the pathophysiology of diverse neurological conditions including Parkinson's disease, tardive dyskinesia, akathisia, dystonia, Huntington's disease, familial tremor, restless legs syndrome, myoclonus, Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome, multiple sclerosis, sleep disorders, and dementia. The psychiatric disorders of schizophrenia, mania, depression, aggressive and self-injurious behavior, obsessive compulsive disorder, seasonal affective disorder, substance abuse, hypersexuality, anxiety disorders, bulimia, childhood hyperactivity, and behavioral disorders in geriatric patients have been linked to impaired central 5-HT functions. Tryptophan, the natural amino acid precursor in 5-HT biosynthesis, increases 5-HT synthesis in the brain and, therefore, may stimulate 5-HT release and function. Since it is a natural constituent of the diet, tryptophan should have low toxicity and produce few side effects. Based on these advantages, dietary tryptophan supplementation has been used in the management of neuropsychiatric disorders with variable success. This review summarizes current clinical use of tryptophan supplementation in neuropsychiatric disorders.
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PMID:L-tryptophan in neuropsychiatric disorders: a review. 130 30

The existence of multiple serotonin (5-HT) receptor subtypes has been proposed based on radioligand binding assay technique and other functional assay. Recent advance of neuropsychopharmacology has contributed to elucidating their physiological functions, ranging from molecular biological to clinical characteristics. Abnormalities of central 5-HT function are currently thought to play a significant role in mental disorders such as affective disorder, anxiety disorder, eating disorder and negative symptoms of schizophrenia, and in the regulation of physical functions such as body temperature, blood pressure and pain. The most significant outcome of the basic pharmacological work has been successful application of 5-HT receptor agents to the treatment of the above clinical disorders. In this article, the authors review the history of 5-HT receptor research and the role of 5-HT receptor in clinical disorders.
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PMID:[Recent advances in neuropsychopharmacology of the central serotonin receptor]. 144 62

Factitious Cheilitis is a rare skin disorder which has been seen in patients with emotional disturbances, particularly in cases with neurotic and personality disorders. However, there have been no reports of factitious cheilitis seen in cases of schizophrenia. This study reports on a case of schizophrenic disorder, where the patient was observed to develop factitious cheilitis whilst subject to unstable psychiatric conditions. The case reported here is of a 59 year-old female widow, who has experienced the delusion of being controlled, the delusion of being possessed. Been subject to auditory hallucination and vague somatic pain for eight years and had a very poor psychotropic drug compliance. Observation revealed frequent licking of the lips unrelated to drug-induced dyskinesia, but as a possibly linked response to hallucination whilst subject to an intense unstable emotional and painful state. Factitious cheilitis was proved with biopsy of the lips and pathological findings of acanthosis, hyperkeratosis and parakeratosis. After psychiatric and dermatologic care, her cheilitic condition improved. This study demonstrates that factitious cheilitis can be seen in a schizophrenic patient, specifically where hallucination and emotional instability coupled with long-term licking of the lips can result in factitious cheilitis. The relationship of skin disorder and psychiatric illness is discussed.
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PMID:[Schizophrenia and factitious cheilitis: a case report]. 146 45

The past decade has seen important progress in understanding the localization, pharmacology, and function of serotonin (5-HT) receptor subtypes. At least seven subclasses have been shown to exist, and evidence is emerging to suggest further subclassification. Serotonin is involved in numerous physiological processes (e.g. feeding, sleep, pain, sexual behavior, temperature regulation) and pathophysiological ones. Serotonin reuptake blockers have been found effective in the alleviation of depression and attacks of panic, and are at varying stages of clinical evaluation in the treatment of obsessive compulsive disorder, chronic pain, and bulimia nervosa. Selective potent serotonin receptor agonists and antagonists show promise in the treatment of migraine, nausea and vomiting, schizophrenia, anxiety, hypertension, and Raynaud's disease.
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PMID:[New therapeutic possibilities with drugs affecting serotonin receptors]. 150 27


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