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Query: UMLS:C0036341 (schizophrenia)
 60,220 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

It appears that a uniform "psychosomatic headache" does not exist. This is due to 1. the variety of phenomenology, 2. the variety of causes and 3. the variety of results in the psychodiagnostic and psychotherapeutic field. Analysis of the factors active in headache was attempted in a field study and on the basis of a systematic survey of many years of clinical experience. Within the framework of the concept of multifactorial causation of headaches we found 3 particularly important factors: vasolability, depression and the cervical spine. From the psychodynamic situation disturbing factors appear to be able to produce or maintain headache in this way. Physical examination by itself without taking psychodynamics into account will have to be called just as incomplete as an approach based exclusively on depth psychology alone. The questions on endogeneicity versus exogenicity have to be thought about both from points of phenomenology and individual analysis of the psychodynamic background of every patient, as part of a complex concept of treatment. Headache as an early sign of schizophrenia is rare but should not be forgotten. Among the many factors causing headache it is by no means always clear what is cause and what effect. Often there appears to be interaction which continues in the end autonomously or increases. It has been described on the example of the painspiral in the region of the cervical spine. For diagnosis we try to determine the various pathogenic factors via an anterospective program of examination. This will serve as the basis for our "targetted polypragmasia" i.e. we attempt to influence at one and the same time many of the factors which have been recognized as pathogenic. Drugtherapy apart we favor somatic vegetative stimulation. The results of our field study (strong preponderance of headaches among the non-manual professions together with clinical experience) support our view that in this way we enter an etiologically highly effective circuit. The effectiveness of phsychotherapy lies for the greater number of headache-patients within the zone of initial clearance, less in the direct action on the syndrome of pain. As main therapy psychotherapy has proved effective only in individual cases of predominantly psychogenic headache. We could also discuss the role of neuroleptic sleep cures which soothe psychologically and act also biochemically. No short-cuts and no sound simple prescriptions for the treatment of headache could be given. But the author hopes to have contributed to understanding of a complex field which may result in multi-layered but also clearly defined factors and their more effective therapy.
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PMID:[Interaction of phsychologic and somatic factors in headache (author's transl)]. 104 59

Allergies of the nervous system cause diverse behavioral disturbances, including headaches, convulsions, learning disabilities, schizophrenia and depression. Some of the biological mechanisms have been established by research; others remain to be explored. Effective diagnosis and treatment include the elimination diet, followed by dietary rotation and avoidance of offending substances.
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PMID:Allergy of the nervous system: a review. 110 12

The relationship between clinical response to neuroleptics and brain morphology as revealed by CT scans was evaluated in a sample of 39 patients with schizophrenia and schizoaffective psychosis. Four measures of brain morphology previously shown to differ between schizophrenics and patients with headaches - white matter density, asymmetry in brain white matter density, sulcal width and global cortical atrophy - did not correlate with clinical improvement after 3 weeks treatment with constant doses of neuroleptics. These brain morphology measures also did not correlate with baseline psychopathology scores. The same results were found with scales or subscales reflecting primarily positive symptoms of schizophrenia as well as those reflecting primarily social withdrawal.
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PMID:Cortical atrophy and white matter density in the brains of schizophrenics and clinical response to neuroleptics. 288 14

During a 3-year period, all inpatients in the psychiatry unit underwent routine screening computed tomography (CT) in an effort to detect clinically unsuspected intracranial abnormalities. Of 261 patients examined who had no focal neurologic deficits, 103 had schizophrenia, 71 had depression, 48 had bipolar disorders, and 39 had paranoid delusions. Findings on 230 (88.1%) of the CT scans were within normal limits, and 27 (10.4%) showed only cortical atrophy. The remaining four cases (1.5%) demonstrated basal ganglia calcification (n = 2), old lacunar infarction (n = 1), or osteoma arising from the inner table of the skull (n = 1), all of which were considered to be clinically unrelated to the patients' psychiatric conditions. In the absence of focal neurologic deficits or other findings suggesting an intracranial abnormality (eg, papilledema, seizures, persistent or increasing headaches), there is no justification for routine CT scanning in patients admitted to the hospital for psychiatric disorders.
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PMID:Routine CT screening of psychiatry inpatients. 342 Feb 86

The article describes the clinical picture of diagnostically difficult cases (22 children aged from 6 to 14 years) of depression, masked by marked vegetative disturbances, headaches, dizziness and paroxysmal states simulating a neurological diseases, unconfirmed by objective data. Nosological appurtenance of depression is verified by the presence of negative and productive symptoms of schizophrenia. Clinical picture is determined by both manifestations of depression and the presence of a residual organic background.
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PMID:[Pseudoneurologic symptoms of latent depression in children with schizophrenia]. 381 12

The article reports upon the characteristics of 300 abortion applicants in Arkansas manifesting significant stress from unwanted pregnancy between May 1, 1970 and June 30, 1971. The sample is limited by the fact that all of these women had been willing to seek medical aid. Patients ranged from ages 13-47, 131 of them ages 17-21. 35% had had some college education; another 29% were high school graduates. 50.6%, 20.6%, and 27.3% were single, divorced, and married, respectively. 59.6% of the patients were primiparas. 18.3%, 9.6%, and 12.3% were classified as being neurotic, having psychophysiologic tendencies (gastrointestinal problems, obesity, chronic headaches), and having sociopathic features (passive-aggressive, frankly rebellious, delinquent, antisocial, alcoholic), respectively. 12 women had noticeable schizoid features; 4 women had mildly active schizophrenia. Fathers of the women were usually blue-collar workers (55.3%) or white-collar workers (24.6%). The most frequent ordinal sibling position among the women was oldest child (38%). Parental instability (1 or both parents lost through death, divorce, father usually away working, chronic alcoholism, etc.) was reported by 39.6% of the patients. Patients' attitudes toward the unwanted pregnancy included dislike of inexpediency of the situation (82.6%), self-depreciation (55.6%), and aversion (28.6%). Precipitated psychiatric disorders were for the greatest part mild. Manifesting symptoms included depression (66.7%), anxiety (21%), and mixed anxiety and depression (12.2%). Suicidal threats and gestures were made by 22 and 8 patients, respectively. In summary, the study reveals a group of predominantly Caucasian women from unstable, middle-class urban families who were going through an adjustment reaction to adolescence or adult life.
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PMID:Abortion applicants in Arkansas. 426 12

Even in the presence of normal blood pressure (B.P.) in both arms in some individuals, abnormal B.P. and circulatory disturbances can be found in the brain and lower extremities. The author discovered the following five types of abnormal B.P. in the brain in the presence or absence of normal B.P. in the arms: unilateral cephalic hypertension; bilateral cephalic hypertension; unilateral cephalic hypotension; bilateral cephalic hypotension; mixed cephalic hypertension and hypotension. When the B.P. of the head exceeds about 160 mm Hg, patients experience sensation of increased pressure buildup in the head to moderate headache. When it exceeds over 220 mm Hg, most of them experience severe headache in that side of the head. When the B.P. is very low (less than 30 mm Hg in both sides), majority of the subjects experience sleep disturbance pattern, mainly insomnia and some develop excessive sleepiness; difficulty in concentration and easy forgetfulness of recent events; various degrees of irritability. They are often associated with injury of neck-shoulder area with the presence of spastic muscles in the area. Relaxation of the spastic muscles by acupuncture, TES or soft laser beam from He-Ne (7 approximately 15m Watts) often change the abnormal cephalic B.P. toward normal. Among individuals with cephalic hypotension some of them develop eye problems. Blind patients with macular degeneration and retinitis pigmentosa often have severe cephalic hypotension and reduced blood flow. Improvement of B.P. and blood flow induced by safe and effective electrical stimulation resulted in significant improvement in vision. In some patients, abnormal B.P. and blood flow of the brain are dependent on the position of the head and neck which can be classified as "Cephalo-cervical Position Dependent Dysfunction Syndrome" which interferes with the function of some of the internal organs. In many psychiatric patients with schizophrenia or severe depression, cephalic B.P. and blood flow are often reduced significantly with additional abnormal function of pancreas, thyroid gland or liver. These abnormalities can explain some of the abnormal behavior, particularly when hypoglycemia, decrease in serotonin level and decreased circulation in the brain coexist.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Non-invasive circulatory evaluation and electro-acupuncture & TES treatment of diseases difficult to treat in Western medicine. 614

A comprehensive overview of the clinical aspects of lithium therapy is presented. Emphasis is placed on recent developments regarding the clinical uses of Li2CO3 in non-psychiatric conditions. The established efficacy of the drug in the treatment and prophylaxis of mania and bipolar affective disorders is noted, and the evidence supporting the use of lithium salts as a prophylactic agent in unipolar depression, aggressive behavior, schizophrenic disorders and organic brain dysfunction is discussed. The use of lithium carbonate in various disorders of movement and in certain extrapyramidal diseases is summarized, as are the results of its trials in alcoholism and drug abuse. In addition, uses of Li2CO3 in asthma, thyroid diseases, granulocytopenia, headache, bowel disease, anesthesiology, cardiology, and sleep disorders are summarized. The data suggests the potential effectiveness of Li2CO3 in a variety of clinical conditions other than those for which it is classically indicated, provided more detailed double-blind studies are performed.
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PMID:Clinical uses of lithium salts. 641 55

Quantitative and qualitative measures of brain morphology were derived through CT scans using computer-assisted methodology in patients with schizophrenia or schizo-affective psychosis and headache controls. Schizophrenics had significantly higher density of white matter, together with greater right vs. left asymmetry in density of white matter than controls. Schizophrenics tended to have larger widths of cortical sulci than headache patients. In our sample of schizophrenics, however, no significant differences were found on measures of lateral ventricle (LV) width, LV area, VBR, or other measures of ventricular size compared to headache controls. There were no differences between CT scan measures taken in patients with schizophrenia vs. schizo-affective psychosis.
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PMID:Abnormalities of brain structure and density in schizophrenia. 647

The epidemiological and clinical profile of Chronic Post-Traumatic Headache (CPTH) has been studied in 57 out of 130 consecutive patients hospitalized, following closed head injuries, at the Institute of Neurosurgery of the University of Milan. The incidence of CPTH has been 44%. Age of the patients ranged between 4 and 69 years. Clinical pictures included closed head injuries of different degree of severity: mild, moderate and severe. Time of onset, headache frequency, character, intensity, duration and associated symptoms showed a great degree of variability. However, chronic muscle contraction headache was the commonest clinical syndrome followed by migraine. Moderate correlations have been found between the severity of CPTH disturbance of consciousness, following the head trauma, and positive findings at CT scan. Moreover the comparison of personality profiles (MMPI) of CPTH (n=26) with a post-traumatic control group, without headache (n=17) showed higher scores on hypocondriasis, depression, hysteria and schizophrenia scales only in the severe CPTH group. Age of the patients, duration of unconsciousness, neurological deficits, course length and pending litigation or compensations were unrelated to the occurrence and outcome of CPTH. These findings suggest the importance of both physical and psychological determinants (social or emotional maladjustment) in the pathogenesis of CPTH.
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PMID:Chronic post-traumatic headache: clinical, psychopathological features and outcome determinants. 666 50


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