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Query: UMLS:C0036341 (schizophrenia)
 60,220 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A patient with schizophrenia for many years presented after an attempted suicide, a severe drug-induced catatonia. In these circumstances, an hereditary coproporphyria was discovered. Clinical and pathophysiological interrelationships between the two syndromes are discussed.
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PMID:[Severe catatonia, schizophrenia and hereditary coproporphyria. A case report (author's transl)]. 625 1

Modern psychiatry, born of a movement created by Pinel in France and Tuke in England, has set aside the rejection of mental patients, and centred the study of mental diseases in France on the predominance of periodic psychoses, and therefore curability. Another movement, however, arising from the discovery of biological psychiatry has focused psychiatry on schizophrenia and incurability. This is a serious and damaging error. Furthermore, the discovery of toxic causes by Moreau de Tours, and more recently, of experimental catatonia, has enabled psychopharmacology to widen etiological and therapeutic fields. Even so, psychiatry is menaced by a return to the past, perhaps to the point of rejection of mental patients, and this has been accentuated by psychoanalysis, which rejects (psychotics) in favour of neurotics, and by the concept of blocking in incurability. This regression is beginning to affect legislation, with the threat of a return to the arbitrary, and to the social decline of patients, following the recent law on the legally incapacitated.
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PMID:[The new problems in psychiatry (author's transl)]. 626 91

The plasma cortisol suppression following 1 mg dexamethasone was studied in 45 recently hospitalized female patients who met DSM-III criteria for a schizophrenic (or 'schizophreniform') disorder. 19 patients showed nonsuppression (42%): 4 out of 6 within the disorganized (hebephrenic) subtype, 9 out of 10 within the catatonic subtype, 6 out of 11 within the acute ('schizophreniform') subtype and non of the 18 within the paranoid subtype. The distribution is heterogeneous, suggesting that schizophrenic disorders may contain different conditions in terms of limbic pathology. Catatonic patients revealed a very high frequency of nonsuppression, which may indicate that this subtype shares some features of the affective disorders.
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PMID:Neuroendocrine differences among subtypes of schizophrenic disorder? An investigation with the dexamethasone suppression test. 647 4

Catatonia, which until 1874 was called atonic melancholia, has remained a relative mystery despite many advances in the understanding of schizophrenia. Its typical symptoms are certainly distinctive: a motionless stupor, bizarre posturing, waxen flexibility, religious delusions, stereotyped movements, negativism, loss of will, confusion, and recurrent frenzy (Kahlbaum 1874). The processes which motivate this particular derailment of self and body have been sought in various organic etiologies, with little success. Arieti (1974) proposes several reasons for the paucity of case studies of the treatment of catatonic schizophrenia. First, catatonic schizophrenia has been declining in occurrence. Second, the symptoms themselves, such as mutism and excitement, make verbal therapy extremely difficult. Finally, catatonics often have no memory of their psychotic experiences. Psychotherapists have therefore had to rely on highly personal intuitions of their patients' crisis-in-being. Despite therapists' attention to nonverbal behavior, mutism and stupor are particularly effective hindrances to communication in psychotherapy. Psychotherapy is often not begun until the patient's symptoms ameliorate through chemotherapy and milieu support. The centrality of the verbal medium of communication in psychotherapy suggests that other approaches, using nonverbal media, may be indicated in the study of catatonia. This paper describes a treatment of a catatonic schizophrenic man which utilized movement and drama therapy. These methods were successful in evoking representations of the patient's inner life.
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PMID:Representation of the internal world in catatonic schizophrenia. 651 81

Oxytocin neurotropic qualities were investigated in "reserpine depression" tests under ethanol and levomepromazine anesthesia, phenamine depression, haloperidol catatonia and swimming of experimental animals in the cylinder. Twenty seven patients with schizophrenia were treated with the hormone mentioned, injected intravenously and/or intranasally, using a double blind control test. The activating psychotropic oxytocin effects were revealed, allowing one to utilize it as a therapeutic means for psychosis treatment.
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PMID:[Psychotropic properties of oxytocin]. 671 33

Catatonia is a syndrome that is often considered as a subtype of schizophrenia, although studies have shown that it is most often associated with affective disorders. There are also many medical causes of catatonia. A case is presented in which glutethimide withdrawal seems the most likely explanation for catatonic symptoms.
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PMID:Catatonia associated with glutethimide withdrawal. 682 84

The authors examined a sample of 111 consecutively admitted patients who satisfied inclusion criteria for mania and further characterized them as exhibiting none, one, or two or more of five clinical features often believed to be associated with a diagnosis of schizophrenia: formal thought disorder, first-rank symptoms, auditory hallucinations, persecutory delusions, and catatonia. The presence and number of such symptoms were unrelated to any of the major demographic, clinical, historical, laboratory, or familial variables studied. The authors conclude that schizophrenic symptoms do not play an important role in patients who satisfy modern criteria for the diagnosis of mania.
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PMID:Importance of schizophrenic symptoms in the diagnosis of mania. 723 64

Hereditary causes are decisive for the development of unsystematic forms of schizophrenia. In periodic catatonia a dominant, and in affective paraphrenia a recessive hereditary succession must be assumed. In cataphasia, the findings do not give any clear information about the hereditary succession. In all three forms, considerable variations of the manifestations are found. Imperative indications have been observed suggesting that the brother-and-sister constellations, which have scientifically been too much neglected, have an essential share in these phenomena. In periodic catatonia, the lack of brothers and sisters and in particular a lack of elder sisters proved to be an essential factor. Affective paraphrenics frequently are the youngest of the brothers and sisters in a family. An attempt has been made to give an explanation of these findings. Further external influences proved to be essential. In persons suffering from cataphasia, for example, the origin from rural districts and, on the other hand, the origin from a large town seem to play a role.
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PMID:[What increases the probability of manifestation in hereditary schizophrenia?]. 724 38

In 143 patients suffering from periodic catatonia we found the disease in a direct succession five times in four generations and 17 times in three generations. With direct succession in four generations we found in two cases manifest psychosis in all generations, in three generations one member was formed by a most severely abnormal personality. In the sequence of three generations, the psychosis occurred continuously in ten families, in seven cases an abnormal personality pointed to the disease by his peculiarities. Since the occurrence of psychic diseases and abnormalities in the family is frequently concealed, the cases found are of great importance and indicate a dominant hereditary course. This assumption is substantiated by number of diseased half-brothers and sisters. Cataphasia in several generations in a direct sequence is a rarer phenomenon. Besides periodic catatonia, it showed the greatest affliction among the various forms of schizophrenia.
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PMID:[The dominant inheritance of periodic catatonia]. 724 40

Catatonic stupor is a severe and potentially life-threatening syndrome Unfortunately, recognition is often delayed hindering the prompt institution of effective therapy. Diagnostic confusion may also preclude appropriate treatment. Despite extensive evidence than catatonia is a diagnostically non-specific cross-sectional clinical syndrome it is often assumed to indicate schizophrenia and is treated accordingly with neuroleptics whereas it appears that electro-convulsive therapy (ECT) is the treatment of choice. A case illustrating these issues is presented.
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PMID:Catatonic stupor: a diagnostically non-specific but distinct syndrome. 730 91


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