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Query: UMLS:C0036341 (schizophrenia)
 60,220 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The notion of "dementia praecox" was introduced by Kraeplin to create a new mental illness like dementia paralytica of Bayle. Afterwards this new illness was called schizophrenia by Bleuler. From more half a century. I have studied this illness, specially the "Catatonia" theses researches pointed that catatonia is not an incurable disease but is a toxic reaction especially to colibacillar toxin and others toxins. I could reproduce the catatonia in animals with several toxics (in the beginning with de Jong from Amsterdam with bulbocapnine and afterwards with other toxins). To conclude, psychiatry must remain a part of general medicine with the arm of complete cura and with human feelings.
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PMID:[The battle of schizophrenia]. 219 78

Catalytic properties of multiple forms (separated by affinity chromatography) of rats brain mitochondrial monoamine oxidase (MAO, MAO-I, MAO-11 alpha, MAO-11 beta, MAO-111) have been studied in the animals selected for propensity to development of catatonic syndrome considered as an experimental model of the catatonic syndrome occurring in schizophrenia. It was shown that in experimental catatonia (as compared with rats of the corresponding control group) there was a dramatic increase in the brain stem of the rate of oxidative deamination of beta-phenylethylamine catalyzed by MAO-III; there was also a statistically significant (albeit less expressed than in the experiments with beta-phenylethylamine) increase in the rate of deamination of tyramine and a decrease in the rate of deamination of serotonin. In the systems with MAO-II beta we detected statistically significant increase in the rates of deamination of tyramine and beta-phenylethylamine in experimental catatonia as compared with corresponding control. Studies of multiple forms of brain MAO provide more informative data than estimation of "total" MAO activity (without separation of the multiple forms of this enzyme).
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PMID:[Multiple forms of monoaminoxidase in the rat brain during experimental catatonia]. 225 87

A bipolar patient presenting with catatonia may be misdiagnosed as having noncatatonic schizophrenia or unipolar depression because these conditions share the same signs. Of 12 patients with episodes of catatonia who were admitted to the authors' inpatient units, 8 were initially diagnosed as schizophrenic. Within 2 years, 8 of the 12 were ultimately diagnosed as suffering from bipolar affective disorder. Catatonia--a syndrome, not a diagnosis--seems more closely linked with bipolar disorder than with schizophrenia or unipolar depression.
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PMID:Problems in diagnosing bipolar disorder in catatonic patients. 233 95

Myelin basic protein (MBP) antibodies were determined by solid-phase radioimmunoassay in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid of 10 patients with catatonia, 10 patients with other forms of schizophrenia, and 10 psychiatrically healthy controls. The mean counts per minute (cpm) value of serum anti-MBP antibody of the catatonia group was significantly higher than that of the patients with other forms of schizophrenic psychoses (p less than .05). No significant differences were observed among the cpm values of the CSF specimens from the three patient groups. The hypothesis of a central virus-induced immunologic aberration in catatonic schizophrenia is discussed.
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PMID:Myelin basic protein antibodies in catatonic schizophrenia. 241 37

Almost half a century has elapsed since the initial application of ECT in psychiatric clinic. It is currently, debatable whether or not ECT in still applicable in schizophrenia, though its effects for manic-depressive disorders is well established. The authors summarized their experiences in evaluating 300 cases, one half use antipsychotic drugs alone and the other half use drugs with ECT it was found that combined therapy favors both groups of patients with aggressiveness or excitement and group with negativism or catatonia as compared in a duration of 2 weeks, whereas patients with hallucinations of suicidal attempts also benefited in 4 weeks' term. On the contrary the combined therapy in the long run is of no value in patients with delusion.
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PMID:[Role of electroconvulsive therapy in treating schizophrenia]. 257 64

The relationship between schizophrenia and 'mental handicap' has been obscured by historical changes and varying diagnostic criteria. It has been generally accepted that there is an increased incidence of psychotic illness among people with intellectual retardation, but detailed community surveys are limited. Catatonia, severity of illness and research potential are all to be found in this 'dual diagnosis' group. The value of an historical analysis is underlined.
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PMID:Schizophrenia and mental handicap: an historical review, with implications for further research. 266 6

In discussing some clinical cases the paper suggests an interpretation of catatonic syndrome based on the original and main characteristics of this psychopathological condition. Kahlbaum described this disease underlining the "affective" symptoms, but since then, catatonia has been considered a schizophrenic syndrome. The paper proposes a definition of catatonia based on Kahlbaum's earlier view in which the complex of psychomotor disturbances can be seen as the expression of schizophrenia, bipolar psychoses or of a specific cyclic disease.
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PMID:[The catatonic dilemma]. 269 29

It is necessary to make a revision of the conception of Kraepelin about schizophrenia and autonomic mental disease. The aim of Kraepelin was to discover an autonomic mental disease like the general paralysis: that was the dementia praecox. It is now impossible to prove this conception. The schizophrenia of Bleuler is characterized by psychic dissociation. Before Bleuler, Moreau de Tours described psychic dissociation not as a mental disease but as a reaction to toxic causes. The new researches about catatonia pointed the exactitude of Moreau de Tours's conception. Behind the apparent dissociation persist a personality that is still living and which it is possible to help and to treat with etiologic treatments and with moral comprehension.
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PMID:[Discovery of the "deep personality" and revision of the Kraepelin concept of autonomic mental disease]. 273 45

The authors propose an alternative model for relating clinically rated psychotic symptoms to biological measures in schizophrenic patients. They suggest that clinical presentation in schizophrenic patients comprises at least four distinct psychotic symptom clusters and that at most one or two of the symptom clusters are closely associated with central dopamine (DA) activity as measured by growth hormone (GH) response to apomorphine. Factor and cluster analytic techniques both identified the same four psychotic symptom clusters, three of which were similar to the major subtypes of schizophrenia: paranoid delusions (paranoid type), thought disorder (disorganized type), and catatonia (catatonic type). The fourth psychotic symptom cluster was auditory hallucinations, a prominent clinical feature of schizophrenia. The authors compared clinical symptom cluster scores to apomorphine-induced GH response by creating a new data set containing the output of the factor analysis of each patient's symptoms and GH response, and performing regression modeling of the patient's symptom cluster scores on GH response. Patients with elevated thought disorder cluster scores also had elevated GH responses to apomorphine, suggesting an association between thought disorder and central DA receptor supersensitivity. A fixed-dose neuroleptic trial showed that thought disorder and auditory hallucinations respond rapidly to treatment with a DA receptor blocker (haloperidol), while no significant effect on other symptom cluster scores occurred during the initial 2 weeks of treatment. These data suggest that two of the identified symptom clusters, thought disorder and auditory hallucinations, may be preferentially associated with central DA hyperactivity.
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PMID:Relationship of psychotic symptom clusters in schizophrenia to neuroleptic treatment and growth hormone response to apomorphine. 287 78

Revising the principal historical and clinical data available allows catatonia to be considered a kind of brain reaction unrelated to schizophrenia in restricted sense--i.e. to dementia praecox. Owing to the probabilities there are that malignant manifestations be developed, it is the author's opinion that it should be included into general medicine instead. Many cases including several catatonic attacks do not follow the usual course of dementia praecox. Moreover, true catatonic attacks frequency is quite low in chronic schizophrenia known as "catatonic schizophrenia". Thus, it seems necessary that relationships between catatonia, and spasmodic hysterical and epileptic symptoms be reevaluated accordingly. Electroconvulsive therapy is a very useful treatment, not only in simple catatonia attacks (which is a well-known application) but also on different malignant manifestations likely to arise during attacks.
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PMID:[The clinical position of catatonia]. 307 Oct 90


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