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Query: UMLS:C0036341 (schizophrenia)
 60,220 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The clinical and sociodemographic profile of suicidal and nonsuicidal schizophrenia patients was investigated in 801 patients with this diagnosis seen at a comprehensive psychiatric facility between 1983 and 1987. Suicidal patients tended to exhibit depression, aggressiveness, substance abuse and a severe and progressive impairment in adaptive functioning.
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PMID:Suicidal indicators in schizophrenia. 235 62

Almost half a century has elapsed since the initial application of ECT in psychiatric clinic. It is currently, debatable whether or not ECT in still applicable in schizophrenia, though its effects for manic-depressive disorders is well established. The authors summarized their experiences in evaluating 300 cases, one half use antipsychotic drugs alone and the other half use drugs with ECT it was found that combined therapy favors both groups of patients with aggressiveness or excitement and group with negativism or catatonia as compared in a duration of 2 weeks, whereas patients with hallucinations of suicidal attempts also benefited in 4 weeks' term. On the contrary the combined therapy in the long run is of no value in patients with delusion.
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PMID:[Role of electroconvulsive therapy in treating schizophrenia]. 257 64

The cancerous patient who suffers a coinciding psychiatric illness shows, according to the M.M.P.I., signs of a depressive personality with marked introversion and dependence. The aggressivity test shows that self-aggressiveness coincides with inhibition and lethargy tone. An accumulation of stress factors and events stand out in patients with depression (72%), which do not appear in those patients diagnosed as having neuroses and schizophrenia. There is a need for psychiatric attention which contributes to treating the patient interdepartmentally; thus relieving both the moral and physical pain which these patients suffer.
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PMID:[Psychosomatics and cancer]. 277 91

Eleven patients with a psychosis in connection with cannabis abuse admitted to two mental hospitals during 1 year were examined. Patients with a pre-existent psychosis or a mixed abuse were excluded. The patients were divided into three groups: acute, subacute and chronic. The features of the disease were essentially similar in all patients, with a mixture of affective and schizophrenia-like symptoms, confusion and a pronounced aggressiveness. The course as a rule was self-limiting leaving no residual symptoms. There was almost no heredity of severe mental disease. The symptoms were very similar to those seen in cycloid psychosis, and a possible relationship between the two diseases is discussed. As regards the widespread abuse of cannabis we conclude that psychosis is a rare complication but that in unclear psychotic states it is recommended to actively search for a cannabis psychosis.
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PMID:Cannabis psychoses in south Sweden. 698 5

A sample of child guidance clinic cases with a young adult onset of schizophrenia were followed into middle age. Outcome ratings and marital status were used as predictive criteria for childhood measures of IQ, aggressiveness, and severity of disturbance. The interaction of IQ and levels of aggressive symptomatology revealed a subgroup of preschizophrenics with low IQ and below average aggressiveness who had disproportionately unfavorable adult outcomes and never-married status. The results demonstrated the important moderating effects of a second variable on the predictive statements made about an initial predictor.
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PMID:Preschizophrenics: low IQ and aggressive symptoms as predictors of adult outcome and marital status. 735 13

One hundred and fifty-six subjects were randomly chosen from 1,560 patients admitted to two psychiatric hospitals in Israel during 1991. The subjects' files were retrospectively studied to determine whether aggressive behaviour was the reason for psychiatric admission. We examined the relationship between aggressive behaviour, major psychiatric disorders (schizophrenia and affective disorder) and demographic variables (sex, age, family status and education). We also studied the monthly distribution of aggression throughout the year and the correlation to daily photoperiod duration. Forty-six per cent of the admissions related to aggressive behaviour. Schizophrenic patients were overly represented in the aggressive group. The monthly distribution of aggressive behaviour differed between schizophrenic and affective disorder patients. While the latter showed a seasonal pattern of aggressiveness, with a statistically significant peak during spring and winter, schizophrenic aggressive patients were distributed equally throughout the year. No statistically significant correlation was found between the incidence of aggression and the photoperiod duration.
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PMID:Aggressive behaviour as a cause of psychiatric admission: a comparison between schizophrenic and affective disorder patients. 852 11

Several drugs are apparently effective in treating pathologic anger and aggression. Because many of the studies on aggressive populations allowed the use of concomitant medications, it is unclear whether the efficacy of each drug in a particular population is dependent on the presence of other medications, such as antipsychotic agents. Finally, one needs to be circumspect in inferring efficacy of a particular drug in aggressive patients with neuropsychiatric conditions other than the ones in which some efficacy has been established. Lithium appears to be an effective treatment of aggression among nonepileptic prison inmates, mentally retarded and handicapped patients, and among conduct-disordered children with explosive behavior. Certainly, lithium would be the treatment of choice in bipolar patients with excessive irritability and anger outbursts, and it has been shown to be effective in this population. Anticonvulsant medications are the treatment of choice for patients with outbursts of rage and abnormal EEG findings. The efficacy of these drugs in patients without a seizure disorder, however, remains to be established, with the exception perhaps of valproate and carbamazepine. In fact, dyphenylhydantoin did not appear to be effective in treating aggressive behavior in children with temper tantrums and was found to be effective in only a prison population. There is some evidence for the efficacy of carbamazepine and valproate in treating pathologic aggression in patients with dementia, organic brain syndrome, psychosis, and personality disorders. As Yudofsky et al point out in their review of the literature, although traditional antipsychotic drugs have been used widely to treat aggression, there is little evidence for their effectiveness in treating aggression beyond their sedative effect in agitated patients or their antiaggressive effect among patients whose aggression is related to active psychosis. Antipsychotic agents appear to be effective in treating psychotic aggressive patients, conduct-disordered children, and mentally retarded patients, with only modest effects in the management of pathologic aggression in patients with dementia. Furthermore, at least in one study, these drugs were found to be associated with increased aggressiveness in mentally retarded subjects. On the other hand, atypical antipsychotic agents (i.e., clozapine, risperidone, and olanzapine) may be more effective than traditional antipsychotic drugs in aggressive and violent populations, as they have shown efficacy in patients with dementia, brain injury, mental retardation, and personality disorders. Similarly, benzodiazepines can reduce agitation and irritability in elderly and demented populations, but they also can induce behavioral disinhibition. Therefore, one should be careful in using this class of drugs in patients with pathologic aggression. Beta-blockers appear to be effective in many different neuropsychiatric conditions. These drugs seem effective in reducing violent and assaultive behavior in patients with dementia, brain injury, schizophrenia, mental retardation, and organic brain syndrome. As pointed out by Campbell et al in their review of the literature, however, systematic research is lacking, and little is known about the efficacy and safety of beta-blockers in children and adolescents with pathologic aggression. Although widely used in the management of pathologic aggression, the use of this class of drugs has been limited partially by marked hypotension and bradycardia, which are side effects common at the higher doses. The usefulness of the antihypertensive drug clonidine in the treatment of pathologic aggression has not been assessed adequately, and only marginal benefits were observed with this drug in irritable autistic and conduct disorder children. Psychostimulants seem to be effective in reducing aggressiveness in brain-injured patients as well as in violent adolescents with oppositional or conduct disorders, particu
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PMID:Psychopharmacologic treatment of pathologic aggression. 919 23

Some astrological hypotheses related to predisposition to severe mental illness were tested by analysing the zodiacal signs, the interactions between planetary qualities (aspects), and the occurrence of full and new moon dates, on the dates of birth of 221 schizophrenics, compared with 112 normal subjects. The sun signs of the schizophrenics were significantly more likely to be in the signs associated with introversion, while those of the control population were significantly more likely to be in the outgoing signs. A significantly higher proportion of schizophrenics had their Mars (i.e., symbol of aggressiveness) in the outgoing signs than the normal population. A significantly higher proportion of control subjects fulfilled operational criteria for adequacy of number of aspects between the sun and the other planets. The tendency for a higher proportion of schizophrenics to have "difficult" aspects just failed to reach significance. A significantly higher proportion of control subjects had aspects between the sun and mars; and also a significantly higher proportion of control subjects had "soft" (helpful) aspects between the sun and mars. These findings are in keeping with the well-known oddity of schizophrenia (schiz = split; phren = mind); such that, a group which collectively is characterised by an "introverted" self (i.e. sun sign), has a coexisting aggressive tendency (i.e. strong mars) and poor integration between the elements of the psyche and the self (i.e. inadequacy of aspects between Sun and other planets). However, the findings give only partial support to key astrological postulates because there was a non-significant trend for more schizophrenics to be born in "water" signs and on full moon dates.
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PMID:The planetary positions and relationships at the dates of birth of a cohort of Nigerian schizophrenics. 1045 54

Neuropeptide Y (NPY) has an important role in the regulation of stress responses and feeding behaviour. There is evidence that some effects elicited by NPY occur due to modulation of action of regular neurotransmitters. The main objective of the present study was to test behavioural effects of the novel neuropeptide Y (NPY) Y(1) receptor antagonist (R)-N-[[4-(aminocarbonylaminomethyl)-phenyl]methyl]-N(2)-(diphe nylacetyl)-argininamide trifluoroacetate (BIBO 3304) on dopamine-dependent behaviour. Intracerebroventricular administration of BIBO 3304 (1, 10, 50 nmol) had no effect on locomotor activity as measured by number of rearings and number of squares visited in an open field test in rats, but at 50 nmol dose defecation was significantly increased. BIBO 3304 (10 nmol) reduced amphetamine-induced increases in horizontal and vertical activity whereas its S-configurated enantiomer BIBO 3457 was inactive. In an open field test BIBO 3304 (10 nmol) inhibited purposeless running in rats sensitized to direct dopaminergic agonist apomorphine (0.5 mg/kg, s.c.). BIBO 3304 (10 nmol but not 1 nmol, i.c.v.) reduced fighting in apomorphine-induced aggression paradigm. Apomorphine-induced aggression was reduced by another, structurally similar, but less potent NPY Y(1) receptor antagonist BIBP 3226 (10 nmol, i.c.v.). A lower dose of BIBP 3226 (1 nmol, i.c.v.) was inactive. Concomitant administration of BIBO 3304 (10 nmol) with low doses of apomorphine (0.5 mg/kg s.c.) over the course of 10 days failed to prevent the development of apomorphine-induced aggressiveness. These data demonstrate that behavioural response to indirectly (amphetamine) and directly (apomorphine) acting dopaminergic stimulants is inhibited by NPY Y(1) receptor antagonists and suggest that NPY Y(1) receptor activation might be important in pathophysiology of disorders associated with hyperactivity of dopaminergic pathways, such as psychosis, schizophrenia and drug abuse. We propose that the effects of BIBO 3304 on amphetamine/apomorphine-induced locomotion and apomorphine-induced aggressiveness are due to modulation of postsynaptic dopaminergic responses rather than direct effects of NPY Y(1) receptor antagonists on dopamine or NPY release.
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PMID:Inhibition of amphetamine- and apomorphine-induced behavioural effects by neuropeptide Y Y(1) receptor antagonist BIBO 3304. 1076 Mar 71

The appearance of cavum septi pellucidi (CSP) has been already connected with developmental disorders or with serious psychiatric diseases (schizophrenia, maniac-depressive disorder, aggressiveness or similar). During our investigation of CSP, group of alcoholics seemed to be interesting for investigation and comparison with the groups of schizophrenics and people with violent behavior. We obtained CSP in 205 out of 670 fixed brains (429 male and 241 female) of persons aged from 14 to 89 (mean +/- SD: 53.28 +/- 16.57), 85 cava belonged to our group of interest. Prevalence of CSP in aforementioned groups was significantly higher than in the rest of examined population. Only in the group of 20 to 39 years of age all kinds of obtained pathologies were present. Alcoholics with CSP suffered from cardiovascular diseases and died accidentally and aggressive persons were the only drug addicts in our examined group and they had the shortest life span. 34 out of 41 schizophrenics had no data about prior diseases and disorders and they were the ones who committed suicide frequently. Intensive demyelinization of corpus callosum and transformation of potential space between laminae of septum pellucidum to the actual one could explain the CSP appearance among alcoholics. To our opinion, cavum septi pellucidi might be used as an additional marker of organic brain changes in long term alcohol abuse, as a consequence of demyelinization due to lipolytic effect of ethanol, and lower cerebral blood flow.
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PMID:Comparative post-mortem study of cavum septi pellucidi in alcoholics, schizophrenics and aggressive persons. 1100 Aug 86


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