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Query: UMLS:C0036341 (schizophrenia)
 60,220 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The total sample size for the study of intrapsychic variables was 252 (152 non-drug users and 100 life-time users including 69 current users). Using a multiphasic personality questionnaire, the Eysenck personality inventory and an orientation questionnaire, the authors found that high orientation, extraversion, anxiety and psychopathic deviate scores were associated with a relative risk of drug use. No significant difference is reported between the mean scores of users and non-users on mania, paranoia, depression, schizophrenia, hysteria and neuroticism.
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PMID:Relative risk of adolescent drug abuse: Part II. Intrapsychic variables. 691 3

The history of nosologic approaches to paranoid schizophrenia and the other paranoid psychoses is traced from the time of Kraepelin. Kraepelin, emphasizing the course of illness, proposed a narrow definition for paranoid dementia praecox (paranoid schizophrenia). He created the entity of paraphrenia for cases with symptoms similar to those in paranoid dementia praecox but without a deteriorating course. Bleuler, emphasizing underlying psychological mechanisms, broadened the concept of paranoid schizophrenia to include nearly all delusional functional psychotic states. After Bleuler, the controversy continued as to whether the paranoid psychoses belonged within or separate from the schizophrenic disorders. Emerging from these historical controversies, current nosologic approaches to paranoid schizophrenia and paranoid psychosis differ substantially. Approaches to paranoid schizophrenia range from broad global criteria, which include patients with thought disorder and affective deterioration (e.g., ICD-9), to narrow criteria such as those proposed by Tsuang and Winokur (1974), which specifically exclude such patients. While some criteria for paranoid psychosis exclude patients with hallucinations or other than persecutory or jealous delusions (e.g., DSM-III), other criteria include such patients.
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PMID:Nosology of paranoid schizophrenia and other paranoid psychoses. 703 88

Genetic and biochemical findings in paranoid schizophrenia and other paranoid psychoses are reviewed. Although the data suggesting a lower genetic loading for schizophrenia in paranoid versus nonparanoid schizophrenia are unclear, paranoid schizophrenia does, to a limited extent, breed true within families. Monozygotic twins concordant for schizophrenia tend to be either both paranoid or both nonparanoid schizophrenics. In all studies, the risk for schizophrenia in the relatives of patients with paranoid psychosis is close to that found in the normal population. Genetic studies provide no evidence for a link between affective illness and either paranoid schizophrenia or paranoid psychosis. Although reports of low platelet monoamine oxidase activity in paranoid schizophrenia have not been confirmed, recent results suggest that brain norepinephrine levels may be higher in paranoid than in nonparanoid schizophrenics. Genetic and biochemical findings suggest some differences between paranoid and nonparanoid schizophrenia, but definitive clarification of the relationship between these two syndromes must await future research. From a genetic perspective, paranoid psychosis appears to bear little relationship to schizophrenia.
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PMID:The genetics and biochemistry of paranoid schizophrenia and other paranoid psychoses. 703 92

In order to assess which of three current models is most useful in understanding paranoia, the authors applied computer speech content analysis to 55 patients--24 of whom were in four groups expressing paranoid delusions and 31 of whom were in four groups not expressing such delusions. The results delineated a semantic or verbal profile of paranoid self-presentation. This self-presentation is more identifiable than the effects of any other patient characteristic, even if the delusion is not discussed by the patient. The strength of the statistical evidence supports the model of paranoid delusions as a separate disease rather than as a subtype of schizophrenia or as a trait that exists on a spectrum from normality to pathology.
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PMID:The language of paranoia. 705 39

This article reviews the demographic characteristics of paranoid psychosis or delusional disorder (DD) and compares them with those found for schizophrenia and affective illness. Delusional disorder constitutes between 1% and 4% of all psychiatric admissions, with an incidence of first admissions between 1 and 3/100,000 population per year. Like affective illness, but unlike schizophrenia, DD is predominantly an illness of middle to late adult life, usually occurring in persons who have been married. Like schizophrenia, but unlike affective illness, DD occurs more frequently in low socioeconomic classes and produces a poor chance for full recovery. Delusional disorder occurs more frequently than either schizophrenia or affective illness in immigrants. From a demographic perspective, DD closely resembles neither schizophrenia not affective illness.
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PMID:Demography of paranoid psychosis (delusional disorder): a review and comparison with schizophrenia and affective illness. 710 78

The MMPI and 16 PF were administered to 45 forensic patients and scores on five derived measures of defensiveness were computed. The 10 highest and 10 lowest scoring subjects were assigned to either a high or low defensiveness group and their responses analyzed with regard to the Schizophrenia, Paranoia, Psychopathic Deviate and Hostility clinical scales and sub-scales of the MMPI according to past or present items. Results confirm that high defensiveness subjects are selectively and cautiously interpreting items so as to admit to significantly less overall pathology and relatively less present pathology than low defensiveness subjects. This finding represents a consistent strategy of defensiveness rather than an artifact of false response bias. This study has implications for personality assessment in Forensic Psychology and the potential of trend analysis for the prediction of future dangerous behavior in a forensic patient population.
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PMID:Defensiveness in the criminally insane. 710 30

Family studies have played a central role in the controversy over the nosologic status of paranoid psychosis or delusional disorder (DD). In this study, 12 cases of DD were blindly rediagnosed from a cohort of 146 schizophrenics. The prevalence of schizophrenia in the relatives of the DD probands was significantly less than that found in the relatives of the schizophrenics. Affective illness was equally uncommon in both groups of relatives. Inferiority feelings clustered significantly in the relatives of the DD probands. From a familial perspective, DD is not closely related to schizophrenia or affective illness but does have a familial link to inferiority feelings. Investigators should take cognizance of the entity of DD as one possible source of the heterogeneity within "schizophrenia."
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PMID:Paranoid psychosis (delusional disorder) and schizophrenia. A family history study. 723 56

To genetic relationship between paranoid psychosis (delusional disorder) and schizophrenia spectrum disorders (schizophrenia and schizotypal personality disorder) is examined by a blind independent diagnostic evaluation of the interviews of relatives from the greater Copenhagen sample of the Danish Adoption Study of Schizophrenia. While cases of schizophrenia spectrum disorders are strongly concentrated in the biologic relatives of the schizophrenic adoptees, this pattern is not found for delusional disorder. These results suggest that from a genetic perspective, delusional disorder is not part of the schizophrenia spectrum.
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PMID:An independent analysis of the Copenhagen sample of the Danish adoption study of schizophrenia. III. The relationship between paranoid psychosis (delusional disorder) and the schizophrenia spectrum disorders. 728 70

A sporadic case of neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (Kufs' disease) in a 29-year-old man is reported. At onset the disease resembled schizophrenia (thought disorder, flat affect, paranoia, hallucinations and inappropriate behaviour), but after the appearance of associated neurological symptoms such as myoclonic jerks, cerebellar ataxia, rigidity and involuntary movements a neurological disorder was suspected. Cortical biopsy established the diagnosis.
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PMID:Adult neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (Kufs' disease). A sporadic case. 730 34

Although only a very small number of studies have described personality testing in primary anorexia nervosa (patients), they seem to suggest a deeper personality disturbance than commonly suggested by psychiatric interview. These results represent an attempt to define the contribution of psychological test data to differential diagnosis and personality organization in primary anorexia nervosa. Fourteen female schizophrenic and 14 female anorexic patients were compared on the MMPI. No significant differences were found on any of the validity or clinical scales. A product-moment correlation between the two profiles, obtained via a measure of distance between profiles, revealed remarkable similarities in their overall profiles (D2 = .83). The Depression, Psychopathic Deviate, Psychasthenia, Paranoia and Schizophrenia scales occupied the first five rankings for both groups (although in a different order) and were elevated over a T-score of 70 (for the anorexics, the Psychopathic Deviate scale score approached 70). The results are consistent with the few studies that utilized psychodiagnostic tests with anorexics and that point to extremely poor personality integration and to a more serious disorder than a neurotic disturbance.
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PMID:A comparative analysis of primary anorexics and schizophrenics on the MMPI. 730 62


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