Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0036341 (schizophrenia)
 60,220 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In a sample of 78 female alcohol and drug addicts, 24.4% marked True the Item 31 ("I have nightmares every few nights") of the MMPI. The proportion is significantly higher than in normative MMPI data of normal US Midwest women published by Coligan: only 8.2% of the latter marked the item True. The female alcohol and drug addicts who marked the item True differed from those responding with False by higher scores on Schizophrenia, Psychasthenia, Paranoia, Anxiety, Depression, Psychopathic Deviate, and Social Introversion scales and by lower scores on Ego Strength scale. Nightmare sufferers consistently scored in a more pathological direction.
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PMID:MMPI and nightmare reports in women addicted to alcohol and other drugs. 372 11

Psychiatric disorders are common in medical inpatient and outpatient populations. As a result, internists commonly are the first to see psychiatric emergencies. As with all medical problems, a good history, including a collateral history from relatives and friends, physical and mental status examination, and appropriate laboratory tests help establish a preliminary diagnosis and treatment plan. Patients with suicidal ideation usually have multiple stressors in the environment and/or a psychiatric disorder (i.e., a major affective disorder, dysthymic disorder, anxiety or panic disorder, psychotic disorder, alcohol or drug abuse, a personality disorder, and/or an adjustment disorder). Of all patients who commit suicide, 70% have a major depressive disorder, schizophrenia, psychotic organic mental disorder, alcoholism, drug abuse, and borderline personality disorder. Patients who are at great risk have minimal supports, a history of previous suicide attempts, a plan with high lethality, hopelessness, psychosis, paranoia, and/or command self-destructive hallucinations. Treatment is directed toward placing the patient in a protected environment and providing psychotropic medication and/or psychotherapy for the underlying psychiatric problem. Other psychiatric emergencies include psychotic and violent patients. Psychotic disorders fall into two categories etiologically: those that have an identifiable organic factor causing the psychosis and those that have an underlying psychiatric disorder. Initially, it is essential to rule out organic pathology that is life-threatening or could cause irreversible brain damage. After such organic causes are ruled out, neuroleptic medication is indicated. If the patient is not agitated or combative, he or she may be placed on oral divided doses of neuroleptics in the antipsychotic range. Patients who are agitated or psychotic need rapid tranquilization with an intramuscular neuroleptic every half hour to 1 hour until the agitation and combativeness are under control. Haloperidol (Haldol) is the safest neuroleptic. Chlorpromazine (Thorazine), perphenazine (Trilafon), and, in the elderly, thiothixene (Navane) can also be useful if haloperidol (Haldol) is not effective and more sedation is needed; these drugs, however, produce more side effects. Violent patients need to be physically restrained and then given antipsychotic medication or, in the case of drug abuse or alcohol withdrawal, the appropriate drug management.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Psychiatric emergencies. 373 71

This study examines the respective morbid risk for psychiatric illness determined by the family history method in the first-degree relatives of medical controls and patients with delusional disorder (paranoid psychosis) and schizophrenia. The morbid risk for schizophrenia and schizoid-schizotypal personality disorder was significantly greater in the relatives of the schizophrenic patients than in those of the delusional disorder or medical control patients, but no difference in the risk for affective illness or alcoholism was found in the three groups of relatives. Paranoid personality disorder was significantly more common in the relatives of the delusional disorder patients than in those of the medical controls. These results support the familial independence of delusional disorder and schizophrenia.
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PMID:Psychiatric illness in first-degree relatives of patients with paranoid psychosis, schizophrenia and medical illness. 407 47

American psychiatry has traditionally viewed late-life paranoid states either as rare or not part of the schizophrenic syndrome. European psychiatry has not subscribed to this view. The literature (chiefly European) is reviewed from the standpoints of history of the disorder, diagnostic reliability, pre-onset sensory loss, the multiple determinants of paranoia, and the response of paraphrenic patients to treatment with phenothiazines. The evidence leads to the conclusion that late-life paranoid states are not rare, and that the diagnosis "paraphrenia" has real clinical utility. Moreover, there seems to be a substantial relationship between schizophrenia and paraphrenia.
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PMID:Paraphrenia: paranoid states of late life. I. European research. 610 82

This study deals with all querulent paranoias admitted to Gaustad Hospital during 1938-1972. As querulent paranoia is a rare clinical condition, a plea is made for a multicenter study. We had only 22 cases, but most of them have a follow-up over several years, so that we are able to know fairly well the long-term course of illness. The family background has very little to do with schizophrenia and manic-depressive psychoses. It seems that querulent paranoia is a psychogenic disorder, based on deviant personality structures and unlucky personal experiences. Somatic treatments with ECT and drugs have no effects.
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PMID:Querulent paranoia: a follow-up. 647 1

De Clerembault identified a syndrome associated with delusional loving, and it has since been described in association with various diagnoses including paranoia, schizophrenia, affective disorder, and mental retardation. The authors document its coexistence with bipolar disorder and its response to lithium.
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PMID:Case report of de Clerembault syndrome, bipolar affective disorder, and response to lithium. 648 70

Investigated the possible use of the MMPI-168 as a screening instrument for identifying individuals (N = 27) with DSM III diagnosed borderline personality disorder. Using previously reported percentile norms for bright young college graduates as a reference, borderline patients as a group fell above the 98th percentile on the F, Hypochondriasis, Depression, Hysteria, Psychopathic Deviate, Psychasthenia and Schizophrenia scales, as well as the general psychopathology scale (PSY). Additionally, the borderline sample's mean score on the Paranoia scale was above the 95th percentile, and the mean Social Introversion scale was above the 90th percentile. Almost equally distinguishing was the finding that the mean K scale score for the borderline sample fell as low as the 8th percentile for the normative college sample. These results demonstrate that the MMPI-168 response pattern of borderline patients was clearly distinguishable from the great majority of college graduates.
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PMID:Screening for borderline personality disorders with the MMPI-168. 663 May 46

The mean creatine phosphokinase level of 41 psychotic patients was significantly higher than that of 30 nonpsychotic psychiatric patients, as were their MMPI paranoia and schizophrenia scores. Their creatine phosphokinase level was negatively correlated with hysteria and psychopathic deviance.
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PMID:Creatine phosphokinase, the MMPI, and psychosis. 670 42

Ninety-one alcoholic males aged 20-65 completed the MMPI. Their T scores on 10 clinical scales and 3 other indices were correlated with age. Seven of 13 correlations were statistically significant. There was a significant negative correlation between age and psychopathic deviance, paranoia, schizophrenia, and mania, and there was a significant positive correlation between age and hypochondriasis. Goldberg's indices showed that younger alcoholics' profiles resembled those of a sociopathic population as opposed to a psychiatric population and tended toward psychoticism rather than neuroticism. Results can assist practitioners in understanding and planning for a young clientele.
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PMID:Young and old alcoholics: some personality differences. 672 87

A total of 44 patients suffering from slow-progressive schizophrenia with affective disorders prevalence were examined. A long latent stage was defined as Bonn's "masked mania", two variants of the development were singled out in the active period of the disease. The first variant was characterized by depressive disorders and "mixed states" type of a clinical picture. The patients were optimistic, demonstrating high self-estimation in spite of depressive complaints, flaccidity, suppression, weakness, apathy and pseudoneurotic disorders. Accelerated development of associations was retained and motor retardation was absent Personality changes were limited by emotional and psychopathic ones. The second variant represented affective paranoia, delusional disorders formed on the basis of chronic hypomania. Its expressivity correlated with the intensity of hypomanic effect. Personality changes included thought disturbances, autization, mild decrease of the energy potential.
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PMID:[Slowly progressive schizophrenia with signs of chronic hypomania during its course]. 682 56


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