Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0036341 (schizophrenia)
 60,220 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Psychotropic agents are most helpful to opiate addicts when used to treat co-existing psychopathology. While such agents may not impact directly on the addiction itself, they might help keep patients available for rehabilitation efforts since concomitant severe psychopathology has been associated with poorer outcome. Neuroleptics for schizophrenia and lithium for manic disorders are generally agreed upon. Minor tranquilizers for anxiety and MAO inhibitors for depression may be too risky for this population. Tricyclic antidepressants clearly have a role in treating major depression in addicts but the lability of the syndrome over time argues against their routine use until the depression has persisted at least 3 months.
 ...
PMID:The use of psychotropic drugs in the treatment of compulsive opiate abusers: the rationale for their use. 287 Jun 23

Detailed clinical case descriptions highlight the potential symptomatic overlap between the syndromes of akinesia and postpsychotic depression in neuroleptic-treated patients. The cases demonstrate that both syndromes may resemble major depression phenomenologically. However, the syndromes are not identical in medication response. Thus, differential medication response may potentially be a useful tool in teasing apart the various postpsychotic depressionlike states in the course of schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder.
 ...
PMID:Akinesia and postpsychotic depression: a difficult differential diagnosis. 288 13

The prevalence of Schneiderian first-rank symptoms (FRS) in 294 consecutive admissions to a research unit was evaluated with reference to their diagnostic distribution (SADS/RDC). Thirty-five of 58 patients with schizophrenia had FRS, as compared to nine of 190 patients with major depressive disorder. All patients with two or more FRS received a diagnosis of schizophrenia. In the absence of organic or toxic etiology, the specificity of FRS for schizophrenia was 95% and their predictive value was 90%. These findings indicate that FRS should be regarded as strongly suggestive of schizophrenia in the absence of an organic syndrome.
 ...
PMID:Schneiderian first rank symptoms: reconfirmation of high specificity for schizophrenia. 288 10

In a blind family study of 176 probands with nonpsychotic major depression, psychotic major depression, schizophrenia, or no history of DSM-III disorders, only the relatives of depressed probands with mood-incongruent psychotic features had a risk for personality disorders higher than that for the relatives of never-ill probands. The authors did not find a high rate of borderline personality in relatives of depressed probands or of schizotypal personality disorder in relatives of probands with schizophrenia or any psychosis. However, depressed probands with normal dexamethasone test results had a significantly higher familial loading for the DSM-III cluster of histrionic, antisocial, borderline, and narcissistic personality disorders.
 ...
PMID:Personality disorder in the families of depressed, schizophrenic, and never-ill probands. 292 51

In the past twenty years, more than thirty peptides have been discovered to be present in the mammalian central nervous system (CNS). As the neuroanatomical distribution, neurochemical, electrophysiological and pharmacobehavioral effects of this novel group of neuroregulators have been described, it is evident that certain of these peptide-containing neural circuits may be pathologically altered in neuropsychiatric disorders. Although much attention has been focused on the opioid peptides, substantial data strongly support the hypothesis that non-opioid peptides such as somatostatin, neurotensin and substance P are altered in a diverse number of neuropsychiatric disorders including Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's chorea, Parkinson's disease, major depression and schizophrenia.
 ...
PMID:Involvement of non-opioid peptides in the pathogenesis of neurological and psychiatric disorders: evidence from CSF and post-mortem studies. 293 45

Biological tests may help clarify the relationships of schizoaffective disorder to both major depressive disorder and schizophrenia. Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), 500 micrograms i.v., was administered to 14 schizodepressed, 23 schizophrenics, 41 unipolar major depressives (all by RDC) and 45 healthy controls, all males 20-67 years old with no significant differences in age, body height or weight. Results showed no differences in maximal delta TSH (dTSH max) amongst schizoaffective depressed, schizophrenia and healthy control groups (10.1 +/- 1.3, 9.2 +/- 1.1, 9.7 +/- 0.8 microU/ml, means +/- SEM respectively). Mean major depressives' dTSH max was lower than in each of the other three groups (6.2 +/- 0.4 microU/ml, P less than 0.01 for all). Utilizing a less than or equal to 5.0 microU/ml cut-off criterion for blunting, the schizodepressed had 36%, schizophrenics 44%, healthy controls 22% and major depressed 59% blunters (P less than 0.05 from other three groups). Schizodepressed patients appeared significantly different from major depressed but closer to schizophrenics (and healthy controls) on the TRH test.
 ...
PMID:Thyrotropin response to thyrotropin-releasing hormone in RDC schizodepressed men. 297 Apr 96

This report describes preliminary outcome data for a sample of child psychiatric inpatients with diagnoses of major depression and/or dysthymic disorder at the time of their hospitalizations. Depressed children were compared with a contrast group of children with schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Results (based on semi-structured telephone interviews) indicate high rates of rehospitalization among our depressed cohort. Depressed children had rehospitalization rates of 35% and 45% respectively in the first and second years after discharge. Out-of-home placement was rarer in the depressed group, and significantly less likely than for children with schizophrenia spectrum disorders. However, 15% of the depressed cohort were placed out of their homes within the first year of discharge. There were no differences between children with major depressive and dysthymic disorders on these outcome variables, underscoring the serious long-term correlates of childhood dysthymic as well as major depressive disorders.
 ...
PMID:Childhood-onset depressive disorders. A follow-up study of rates of rehospitalization and out-of-home placement among child psychiatric inpatients. 297 97

Diazepam-binding inhibitor is a novel peptide purified to homogeneity from rat and human brain. Diazepam-binding inhibitor is present, though not exclusively, in gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-containing neurons where it is believed to inhibit GABAergic neurotransmission mediated by GABA by binding to the benzodiazepine-GABA receptor complex. Since an impairment of central GABAergic tone has been postulated to be associated with a number of neuropsychiatric disorders, we measured human diazepam-binding inhibitor immunoreactivity in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients suffering from endogenous depression, schizophrenia, and dementia of the Alzheimer's type. Patients with major depression had significantly higher concentrations of human diazepam-binding inhibitor immunoreactivity in CSF when compared with age- and sex-matched normal volunteers, while no difference in CSF diazepam-binding inhibitor immunoreactivity was found in schizophrenics or patients with dementia of the Alzheimer's type when compared with controls. The possibility is discussed that the increased CSF human diazepam-binding inhibitor immunoreactivity observed in depressed patients may represent a functional disinhibition of GABAergic neurotransmission associated with depression.
 ...
PMID:Diazepam-binding inhibitor. A brain neuropeptide present in human spinal fluid: studies in depression, schizophrenia, and Alzheimer's disease. 302 63

The incorporation rate of 14C-labeled arachidonic acid (14C-AA) into membrane phospholipids was measured in a group of untreated (greater than 6 months) psychiatric patients (n = 33) and healthy controls (n = 31). Platelets from controls and from patients with schizophrenia (n = 10), schizophreniform disorder (n = 11), schizoaffective disorder (n = 6), major depression (n = 2), or an atypical psychosis (n = 4), diagnosed according to DSM-III, were incubated with 14C-AA. Platelets from patients with a schizophreniform and a schizoaffective disorder incorporated greater than 50% less 14C-AA than the platelets from controls. The incorporation rates of platelets from schizophrenic patients were slightly (18%), but not significantly, reduced compared to controls. Characterization of variables affecting arachidonic acid and phospholipid metabolism may be helpful in studies focused on the assessment of first-episode psychotic patients and in long-term outcome studies.
 ...
PMID:Incorporation of 14C-arachidonic acid into platelet phospholipids of untreated patients with schizophreniform or schizophrenic disorders. 312 47

Male patients suffering from borderline personality disorder (n = 13), major depression (n = 13) or schizophrenia (n = 13) were investigated on several psychopathological (HDRS, BPRS) and neuroendocrinological (DST and TSH, PRL, GH responses to TRH) parameters. Comparisons were made between the borderline group and the other groups of patients. Borderline patients differed from schizophrenics psychopathologically (BPRS) and neuroendocrinologically (DST). Also, borderline patients differed from major depressives in the HDRS, but behaved like them concerning DST. Our findings support the hypothesis that there are neuroendocrinological similarities between borderline personality disorder and major depressive patients, especially on the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis.
 ...
PMID:Multiple neuroendocrinological responses in borderline personality disorder patients. 312 3


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>