Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0036341 (schizophrenia)
 60,220 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In a catchment area study of 101 first inceptions of schizophrenia, mania and atypical psychoses, women were significantly more likely to have atypical psychosis and men were more likely to have definite schizophrenia. Negative symptoms such as affective flattening and poverty of speech were already present in many cases, and were significantly increased in patients with definite schizophrenia (geometric mean 5.6) compared with those with atypical psychosis (geometric mean 3.2) and mania (geometric mean 1.5). Negative symptoms were also twice as severe in men (geometric mean 5.5) than women (geometric mean 2.6). There was a significant increase in negative symptom severity with longer illness and greater depression, but the diagnosis and the sex effects were not caused by these factors. We suggest that our findings are further support for the hypothesis that men have a greater biological vulnerability to negative symptoms and consequent social disability in the face of psychosis, particularly a schizophrenic psychosis, and that this may be one explanation for the apparently greater risk of definite schizophrenia and its poorer prognosis in men.
 ...
PMID:Gender differences in the incidence of definite schizophrenia and atypical psychosis--focus on negative symptoms of schizophrenia. 179 20

The question if there are "symptomatic schizophrenias" has been discussed since the 20s. Schizophrenic psychoses caused be definable and well known brain diseases are presented. All schizophrenic symptoms and syndromes, the first rank symptoms (K. Schneider) too, occur in somatically founded psychoses. The group of paroxysmal transition syndromes in the sense of aura prolongata (continua) and the episodic schizophrenic psychoses in psychomotor epilepsy may be a model for the schizophrenia research. Vital threatening, so-called pernicious catatonic schizophrenias are found on the basis of infectious brain diseases, sometimes only diagnosed in autopsy. Beside acute and reversible symptomatic schizophrenic psychoses there are, even if rarely, recurrent and chronic courses of symptomatic schizophrenias. That certain conditions for the developing of symptomatic schizophrenias are rarely realised, could be an explanation for their rarity. Some findings indicate that the limbic system is significant for symptomatic (and idiopathic) schizophrenic psychoses and the pre- and postpsychotic basic stages determined by dynamic and cognitive basic symptoms, which are phenomenologically very similar to aura symptoms released by stereoelectroencephalographic depth recordings (Wieser). The characteristic features of marked fluctuation, discontinuity and insteadiness of the cognitive thought, perception, psychomotor and cenesthetic phenomena do not speak against an organic brain disorder provided that the traditional process hypothesis is abandoned in favor of a neurobiochemic disorder, fluctuating on its part depending on endogenous as well as psychic-reactive factors.
 ...
PMID:[Does symptomatic schizophrenia exist?]. 218 47

As the diagnosis of initial schizophrenic psychosis is sometimes difficult and the diagnosis of schizophrenia is based on psychopathological characteristics the author used the relative homogenity of their cases for comparison with various known concepts and scales in an attempt to contribute to the serious problem of assessment of this nosological unit. Psychopathological descriptions of 45 cases of first hospitalizations on account of schizophrenia of men aged 18-24 years were investigated with regard to E. Bleuler's and Schneider's concept, with regard to the BPRS scale of Overall and Gorham and Carpenter's scale. The stability of "narrowly" set diagnoses of schizophrenia during short--term hospitalization (mean 48 days) verified catamnestically in 31 patients in 87% of whom the diagnosis was confirmed. By collection of symptoms and their classification an inventory of symptoms was assembled--890 terms, on average 20 symptoms per patient. Comparison of agglomerations of synomyms of symptoms with the above mentioned concepts of schizophrenia, simplified for the needs of the present work to a list of symptoms, proved useful also in case of the uncommon ex post application to BPRS systems and to Carpenter's approach. Schneider's symptoms of first order were found in the investigated group of schizophrenias in 75% of the cases. In the discussion the author deals briefly with problems of diagnosis of "fresh" schizophrenic psychoses in the selected group, in particular with regard to the post--adolescent developmental stage.
 ...
PMID:[The psychopathologic picture of incipient schizophrenia in the male population at approximately 20 years of age]. 226 55

In individual analytically oriented psychotherapy as a research method, observing a random sample of 34 schizophrenics with the symptoms of depressive syndrome, the author has found that depression in schizophrenia is determined by narcissistic injuries, by a collapse of narcissistic satisfactions through the loss of "ego" functions, completeness, competitiveness, and competence. The depressive model is most frequently encountered in florid schizophrenic psychosis, at the beginning of hospitalization, but depending on the intensity and depth of narcissistic traumas and losses, it can develop also in any phase of the therapeutic process and the course of illness. In the author's view, the depressive model in schizophrenia is not conditioned by the neuroleptic treatment. Its recognition is very important for the therapy of suicidal tendencies, and for their prevention in particular.
 ...
PMID:[Narcissistic depression in schizophrenia]. 233 68

An improvement in tardive dystonia in a patient who had received ECT for a schizophrenic psychosis is reported. The improvement suggests that the pathophysiology of tardive dystonia may involve neurotransmitter receptor changes similar to those seen in schizophrenia.
 ...
PMID:Temporary remission of tardive dystonia following electroconvulsive therapy. 234 49

The hypothesis implicating the gamma-type endorphins in schizophrenia was initially based on animal data showing commonalities between the behavioral effects of these peptides and neuroleptics. Clinical studies have shown that these peptides have an antipsychotic action in a number of patients suffering from schizophrenic psychosis. The patients responding to the peptides are characterized by features at least partly resembling those characterizing type I schizophrenia. This may be consistent with the animal data showing that gamma-type endorphins may directly or indirectly control certain dopaminergic systems present in the nucleus accumbens. Genetical differences may exist between patients susceptible to and not susceptible to gamma-type endorphins, as has been concluded from studies concerning antigens of the HLA system.
 ...
PMID:Gamma-type endorphins: neurolepticum-like and antipsychotic action. 241 67

Epidemiological surveys based on transnationally standardized assessment procedures have shown a relatively uniform worldwide incidence rate for a restrictively defined schizophrenia syndrome. The age-corrected morbid risk appears to remain unchanged over longer periods of time and to be equal for both sexes--apart from the higher age of onset in females. For explaining these findings a continuous model is proposed, similar to that used for modelling neurobiological and genetical assumptions. The nuclear syndrome of the schizophrenic psychosis is understood to be the lower end of a morbidity dimension extending through broadly defined schizophrenic syndromes, spectrum disorder and patterns of unspecific disturbances to lack of symptoms. It may be assumed that a genetically determined vulnerability is underlying this morbidity dimension and that high values of vulnerability entail a specific psychopathology, the schizophrenic psychosis. It appears that at lower values of vulnerability the specificity decreases, and that with increasing influence of personality and environmental factors the variety of manifesting psychiatric disorders increases.
 ...
PMID:Application of epidemiological research toward a model for the etiology of schizophrenia. 248 79

Partial dopamine agonists showing high affinity but low efficacy at D2 receptors can act as dopaminergic "buffers," reducing dopaminergic activity when it is excessive, and promoting it when reduced. This makes them of interest as potential therapeutic agents for the treatment of both positive and negative symptoms in schizophrenia, where they should also result in fewer or less severe motor disturbances than classical neuroleptics. SDZ 208-911 and SDZ 208-912 are amino-ergolines exhibiting partial agonistic properties in the rat, where they inhibit apomorphine-induced stereotypies, are only weakly cataleptogenic, induce varying degrees of circling behavior after unilateral lesioning of the nigrostriatal pathway, and strongly suppress prolactin secretion. The least agonistically acting agent, SDZ 208-912, should be effective against positive symptoms, whereas SDZ 208-911 could be suitable for the treatment of negative symptoms. In addition to possible therapeutic effects, the clinical testing of this class of agent should help to elucidate the status of central dopaminergic function in schizophrenic psychosis.
 ...
PMID:Partial brain dopamine D2 receptor agonists in the treatment of schizophrenia. 257 20

Disturbances of respiration occurring in the exacerbation of schizophrenic psychosis with predominant anxiety were examined in a group of 30 schizophrenic patients. In the experimental group were included patients before the application of therapy with derivants of phenotiazinic group, and in the control group the patients who were given this therapy in the period of 25 days. The psychotic intensity was determined by Rogina's Grading Scale of Psychotic Behavior, and the severity of anxiety by psychological techniques (Rorschach's Psychodiagnostic Test and Spilberg's Inquiry for Anxiety), as well as by polygraphic technique of respiration recording. This investigation has shown that the use of polygraphic-neurophysiological methods in the investigation of anxiety in schizophrenia is justified. The conclusion was that hyperventilation is a consequence of anxiety. The shortening of inspiratory phase of the respiration cycle and the prolongation of expiration, particularly occurring in the phase of spontaneous fluctuation of psychogalvanic reflex were registered, what is an indication of anxiety.
 ...
PMID:[Report on changes in some elements of respiration during exacerbation of schizophrenic psychosis]. 270 19

The subjects were 34 acutely ill in-patients who met the RDC criteria of schizophrenic psychosis, and 4 EEGs were recorded from each patient before, 2 h and 24 h after oral intake of a single dose of 150 mg perazine, and on the 28th day of the neuroleptic treatment period. As a criterion of clinical response a decrease of at least 66% in the schizophrenia-specific sum score of the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale on day 28 relative to the baseline value was decided upon. The EEGs were assessed using a newly developed procedure which takes into consideration 4 derivations simultaneously. As we tried to search out EEG variables with predictive value the statistical data analysis underlying our findings should largely by regarded as exploratory. Independent of day, responders (R) showed a tendency towards more low voltage desynchronized epochs (non-A stage) than non-responders (NR). Thus, R exhibited a higher degree of dynamic variability or a broader range of control of the spontaneous vigilance fluctuation (dynamic lability) than NR (dynamic rigidity). Furthermore, R and NR differed with respect to their time-dependent changes of non-A epoch frequencies before medication. While R showed a monotonous increase which is typical for normals, NR did not. Because of considerable inter-individual variability these group differences could not be used for individual prediction of the therapy response. By means of a qualitative data analysis R could be distinguished from NR with regard to various test dose-induced changes of the topographical distribution of absolute alpha power. All the group differentiating variables showed a time course of the same kind: R showed a prompt and ample deflection and the same recovery of baseline; NR, in contrast, showed no significant deflections at all. These findings are in line with the results concerning the dynamics of vigilance and certain claims of earlier authors according to which EEG changeability should be decisive for therapeutic outcome.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Prediction of neuroleptic on-drug response in schizophrenic in-patients by EEG. 289 66


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>