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Query: UMLS:C0036341 (schizophrenia)
 60,220 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Many studies in developed countries show a high frequency of psychological distress among women attending gynecology clinics. The aim of this study is to assess the prevalence of psychiatric morbidity among 239 women attending a gynecology clinic at Ilorin Maternity Hospital in Nigeria. The aim also was to test the validity of using the 30-item version of the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-30) as a screening tool. Clinical diagnoses were recorded according to the International Classification of Diseases-Ninth Edition (ICD-9). Psychiatric morbidity was determined according to the method of Deshpande. Literate respondents used a self-administered GHQ-30 and illiterate respondents were interviewed with the GHQ-30. The psychiatric interview was conducted by a research psychiatrist. Patients were grouped into 1) patients with symptoms diagnoses according to ICD-9, 2) cases with subdiagnostic syndromes, and 3) patients without significant psychiatric symptoms. A basic demographic profile of patients is given. Obstetrics and gynecologic data reveal that 31.3% were nulliparous, 44.5% had between 1 and 4 children, and 24.5% had 5-8 children. 64.4% reported regular menses, 21.9% reported scanty menstrual flow, and 64.4% had a normal flow. 17/6% reported a history of induced abortion, and 43.4% reported previous spontaneous abortion. 23.6% had primary infertility and 28.3% had secondary infertility; infertility was the most common complaint. A score of 5 or higher on the GHQ-30 indicated a psychiatric case. 35/2% were found to suffer from definite psychiatric morbidity. An additional 6.4% had severe psychiatric symptoms. Of the psychiatric diagnoses, 34.1% were for neurotic depression, 24.4% for anxiety, 25.7% for adjustment reaction, 12.2% manic depressive psychosis (depressed type), 2.4% phobic state, and 1.2% schizophrenia. Psychiatric morbidity was found to be unrelated to age, marital status, religion, education, occupational group, or duration of marriage. Symptoms such as irregular menses, pelvic pain, ad having no children were factors significantly associated with psychiatric morbidity; this pattern is supported in the developed country literature. Policy should be directed to a preventive and biopsychosocial model of health care.
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PMID:Psychiatric morbidity in a gynaecology clinic in Nigeria. 161 88

We selectively review recent research findings in the field of psychoimmunology which test the hypotheses that immunological dysfunction may be aetiologically related to mental illnesses such as schizophrenia, and that certain morbid affective states such as depression and other forms of psychosocial distress may be the cause of immunosuppression and through this mechanism affect the outcome of illnesses such as cancer. Our examination of research implicating immunological or infective mechanisms in the aetiology of schizophrenia indicates that most studies have been unable to control for major methodological difficulties but the compatibility of these theories with the dopamine hypothesis suggests that further research attention is warranted. More clearly, there is growing evidence demonstrating a link between depression, other states of psychological distress and immunosuppression, but the clinical significance of these findings remains uncertain. The complex relationship between stress and the outcome of illnesses such as cancer is discussed and the possible implications of these findings for clinical psychiatry are suggested.
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PMID:Current perspectives on immunology and psychiatry. 307 20

The unmistakable symptoms of Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome are classically of muscular spasms or tics, often accompanied by uncontrolled verbal outbursts or shouting of obscenities. Anecdotal as well as clinical reports suggest that these patients also suffer some psychological distress. This study used traditional MMPI scales to evaluate the psychopathological features that may underlie or accompany this disorder. In addition, we analyzed individual items of the MMPI to learn more of the phenomenology of this disorder. Data were collected from 29 Tourette patients and 29 normal controls matched for age and sex. A multivariate analysis of the clinical MMPI scales revealed group differences in score profiles. Univariate analyses indicated that Tourette subjects scored higher on the following scales: Schizophrenia, Depression, Psychopathic Deviate, Psychasthenia and Hypochondriasis. The results indicate that Tourette patients are in considerable psychological distress.
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PMID:Psychological aspects of Gilles de la Tourette syndrome. 345 22

The authors gave the PERI Demoralization Scale (PERI-D), a measure of nonspecific psychological distress, to 528 subjects drawn from a larger longitudinal community survey. Respondents also were interviewed using the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia (SADS), a structured clinical interview. Based on the SADS, subjects were given diagnoses based on Research Diagnostic Criteria (RDC). The results corroborate earlier findings of a modest relationship between self-reported symptoms of distress and the diagnosis of clinical psychiatric disorder. There was somewhat better fit between RDC diagnoses of depression, particularly major depression, and PERI-D symptom scores, suggesting the PERI-D items may be slightly more useful for detecting cases of depression in the community than for the broader range of psychiatric disorders. In general, the authors concur with earlier writers who suggest that brief psychiatric symptom scales may be useful as screening tests in community surveys, but such instruments do not in themselves provide good-estimates of the prevalence of clinical psychiatric disorders in the community.
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PMID:Usefulness of the PERI demoralization scale screen for psychiatric disorder in a community sample. 694 13

Patients experiencing psychological distress often come to their physicians with primarily somatic complaints. While patients provide their physicians with multiple clues that there is a functional cause to their complaints, physicians often fail to recognize these. Psychological states, including depression, schizophrenia, hypochondriasis, malingering, conversion reactions, anxiety states, the "identified patient" in a dysfunctional family, and the patient with a "hidden agenda" are examples of this somatization process. Physicians may recognize these problems and avoid needless interventions if they consider these diagnostic possibilities and ask their patients questions that differentiate the various psychological possibilities.
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PMID:The psychological significance of somatic complaints. 705 47

The aim of the study was to assess psychological contributors or correlates of sexual dysfunction in diabetic men. The study was conducted on 40 diabetic men and 40 age-matched healthy volunteers. The subjects underwent a psychosexual interview with their sexual partners and had a comprehensive medical evaluation to rule out the confounding effects of other illnesses or medications. Psychiatric, psychological and marital information was obtained with the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia (SADS-L), the SCL-90-R, the Derogatis Sexual Function Inventory, the Locke-Wallace Marital Adjustment test and the Dyadic Adjustment Inventory. Compared to controls, diabetic patients had significantly lower levels of erotic drive, sexual arousal, enjoyment and satisfaction. Problems in these areas coexisted with alterations in sexual attitudes and body image but were not related to group differences in marital adjustment as reported separately by the patients and their partners. There was no evidence that psychological distress or psychiatric disorders are associated with diabetes or with its effects on sexual function.
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PMID:Diabetes, psychological function and male sexuality. 763 74

To separate the characteristics of the homeless from those of the housed poor, 144 adults were randomly sampled from several sites, yielding 3 groups: the currently homeless (n = 59), the previously (but not currently) homeless (n = 31), and the never-homeless poor (n = 54). The homeless were significantly less likely to be receiving public benefits, were more likely to have a DSM-III (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders [3rd ed.; American Psychiatric Association, 1980]) diagnosis of substance abuse, showed higher levels of self-rated psychological distress and were more likely to be victims of recent domestic violence and to have been physically abused as children. The homeless did not differ from the comparison groups on DSM-III diagnosis of severe mental illness (schizophrenia or major affective disorder). physical health symptoms, and social support and social networks.
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PMID:Distinguishing homelessness from poverty: a comparative study. 775 89

Research shows that the relatives of people with chronic schizophrenia suffer psychological distress and interference in daily life from the burdens of caregiving. In this study, members of a self-help group for the relatives of schizophrenia sufferers provided information through a mail survey, using standardized measures of psychological distress and burden, and severity of the sufferer's illness. Caregiver psychological distress was high compared with test norms, and the level of behavioral disturbance in the sufferer was found to contribute to caregiver distress after controlling for the caregiver's age, sex, and social supports. An unexpected finding was that those caring for female sufferers reported greater distress than those caring for males.
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PMID:Determinants of psychological distress in relatives of people with chronic schizophrenia. 823 62

This report explores psychological distress among immigrants seeking help from psychiatric outpatient clinics as compared with control nonpatient immigrants. Our hypothesis is that nonpsychotic mentally ill immigrants will react to acculturation by psychological distress similarly to healthy individuals. Three questionnaires were used in this survey: Demographic Psychosocial Inventory, Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI), and Psychiatric Epidemiology Research Interview-Demoralization Scale (PERI-D). They were completed by patient and control groups consisting of recent adult immigrants to Israel from the former Soviet Union. The patient group included 158 subjects seeking psychiatric help from outpatient clinics. Among them, 51 met ICD-10 criteria for neurotic, stress-related, and somatoform disorders; 41 for schizophrenia; 32 for mood disorders; 18 for organic illnesses; and 16 for personality disorders. The control group consisted of 222 immigrants with no previous psychiatric history, matched by gender and age to the patient group. Although all distress symptoms were significantly more severe in the patient group than in the control group, the BSI profile, showing a high level of depression, anxiety, interpersonal sensitivity, and obsessive-compulsive dimensions, was similar in both groups. The psychological distress level as measured by the PERI-D was 1.4 times higher in patients than in the control group. Within the patient group, the lowest distress level was found in patients suffering from organic disorders. No significant differences in the level of psychological distress were found among other diagnostic subgroups. The results suggest that mentally ill immigrants react to acculturation by a psychological distress syndrome similarly to nonpatient immigrants but more severely than nonpatient immigrants.
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PMID:Effects of immigration on the mentally ill--does it produce psychological distress? 877 May 21

In this study we examined the relationship between level of family burden and extent of psychological distress among family members of 52 psychiatric patients. Our sample consisted of 31 chronic and 21 subchronic patients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia. The paper focused on the influence of psychosocial factors, such as the sense of personal control and coping strategies upon the extent and the perception of burden. The carers of chronic patients more frequently used a passive way of coping with everyday problems. Passivity and variability on behalf of the carers were significantly correlated with areas of objective burden. Consistent with a stress-process model, we found that the factor of mastery correlated significantly with family burden and distress scores. The findings of the study are discussed in the context of community family interventions.
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PMID:Psychosocial dimensions of family burden among two groups of carers looking after psychiatric patients. 905 Mar 52


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